Unit 4 Review Notes

c

Assimilate To absorb into the cultural tradition of a population or group community

!"the study of human populations in simple terms
!"people that migrate to the country from other countries around the world
# !"people that migrate away from the country to other countries
@ c#$%#&'(%'c)*#
^direction comparison on population is
pointless since countries are vary in size

*
£ives the number of births per year for every £ives the number of deaths per year for every
1000 people 1000 people

'
+
Birth rate ʹ Death rate = Natural £rowth Rate

Eg. Canada͛s natural growth rate: 10/1000 ʹ
7/1000 = 3/1000 = 0.3%
# ! !
£ives the number of emigrants per year for every £ives the number of immigrants per year for
1000 people every 1000 people

')! ,
+ ,+
mmigration Rate ʹ Emigration rate = Net Natural £rowth Rate + Net Migration Rate =
Migration Rate P£R
Eg. CA Net Migration Rate: 7/1000 ʹ 2/1000 = Eg. CA P£R: 3/1000 + 5/1000 = 8/1000 or 0.8%
5/1000(0.5%)
(
!
!

- !% "The time that takes a country to double its current population growth rate

./"A rule use to calculate the doubling time by !
! -./
! !
Children (under age 15) Working adults (age 15 to 64) Older adults (65 or over)
0
@ The percentage of population in a country that needs to be supported or depended on the working
adults (which is the age group of and
)
@ *igh dependency load â great deal or pressure on the society to support that much of
@ ow dependency load^
,
, "a serious of horizontal bar graphs for the male population placed beside a
similar series of bar graphs for the female population

! ,

@ Population in Canada grew rapidly in 12/ because of two reasons:
@ Many immigrants came into the country during that period (*
! and )
@ People were having moderately large families ^---
@ *-- "an era in which the birth rate rises sharply. People born between 1to 1 are
referred as baby boomers
@ n //, the size of each family, birth rates had decreased significantly
@ The ! have affected the Canadian society hugely (focus changed from
to )
@ n 1956^baby boomers just bornêmphasis on educations: elementary schools and secondary
schools ten years later
@ n //^baby boomers get older, lower birth rate^no need to build/ emphasis school^need to
3 !

!
as the baby boomers now start to think about retiring.

! ,
!
DECREASE OF DEAT* RATE:
@ Better understand on germs and bacteria
@ Better nutrition
@ Better healthcare^doctor washing hands before treating the patients
@ Better food
!
@ *!- ! keeps the size of the population stable
@ None of the countries in nowadays are in stage 1

!
@ because of better healthcare and nutrition
@ Birth rate remains high^ !

(the baby boom)

!4
@ * because of:
@ Parents certain that all their children will survive to adulthood
@ crbanization^more families live in cities, don͛t need that much of children to help as on farms
@ Women begin to work outside of home^less time to take care children^less births
@ Canada began to experience this stage in the early 1/

!
@ 0 - ^period of fluctuation on birth rate after it meets back with the
death rate
@ (
# #
has reached this stage

!2
@ - ! -
* 56
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) A
@ The used by geneticists (tracking back to our ancestors) is -
@ The research has been possible for /
@ Main researcher doing the narration in the documentary is
@ # on the planet are related, and humans are spread from $7
@ The remnants of the earliest tribes can be found in , one of the oldest tribes is
' -
@ This tribe uses 5 in their language. Early advancement was made possible by language is

!
@ The bones on the South African coast is around </&/// &human vanish presence there in
2/&/// ago because of ! at that period
@ The evidence of the next human ancestors outside of Africa is $
7 The only primate (mammal)
found in Australia is
7The earliest human habitation in Australia is /&/// ago
@ The aboriginals in Australia think that they are came from $

@ ' ! because of ! in nowadays
@ ) 5 are found in the ?
@ of Africans migrate to )# ^ $ is the
5
@ The first Europeans are the )!
@ Natural sunscreen found on African body is (don͛t need that much as people migrate to
the north)
@ Regional differences in skin/ hair colour is because of

@ The ancestor of all Europeans, ndians and Americans lived /&/// ago
@ 8 ! took people to $
@
5diet is based on . t is in the tribe of the .
@ 0 -
tends to be reduced in cold climates
@ $ '$ cross the * !at 2&/// ago. )!

by
@ ( /9 /individuals may have crossed * !
@ '> are living in $B today. The idea found in Navajo oral histories is !
@ # ///! ! $
@
$- ! ,

.
$- ! ,
@ ! - , have difficult time with non-aboriginal Europeans come
in last 500 years
@ Signed agreement, or , with the Europeans hoping to accomplish ! "
) - ^have access to enough land that can support themselves
by fishing and hunting
* 9! , the right to control their own affairs

8 '
8 ' "an Aboriginal group whose members wish to be treated as !
on the
basis of a

@ Federal government divided the Aboriginal peoples into three groups:
& )C
@ are divided into two groups:
and ' 9

@
"Aboriginal people that are entitled to certain right through treaties made with the
Canadian government
@ ' 9
"Aboriginals who are not covered in the treaties (no rights)
@ )C is not until the Y
recognizes as one of the Aboriginal peoples

%9)5 !,
@ 8 who first signed treaties with Canada͛s Aboriginal peoples back in 2
@ European governments and Aboriginal peoples made treaties D
, often to achieve
!
@ After fall of New France to English^ !D
and tend to * over the
First Nations
@ n the 3 ! ^government offered land called for the Aboriginal peoples where
they can still hunt, fish and living undisturbed just like they were in the past.

% , .4
@ % 9 ! 8 ' -
@ 8 '
!

The proclamation is - !
@ Small parcel of land êxchange for very 9 and clothing/blankets
@ arger parcel of land^ reserves, cash, yearly payments to reserve members and fishing
and hunting rights

After confederationêxpand Prairies and the West, building a transcontinental railroad^need
the land of the Aboriginal peoples^government need to negotiate with the First Nations^treaty
making

@ Aboriginal people gives up forever their claims to the lands they occupied
@ Receive the usual cash payments, goods, and promises on fishing and hunting rights, persuades
to move to reserves
@ Think that the reserves would just be temporary and disappear as the Aboriginals absorbed into
the mainstream
@ t E F , only the status ndian had the right to live on the
reserve

More treaties signed as gold, silver, oil and other mineral resources are found in the north
(Yukon to Quebec)
The last un-surrendered land in Ontario was over by treaty in 1 4^treaty making ends for more
than 50 years after
Aboriginal people ! *
- '%

, -
-% "
cnfair treaties ^cause problems to Aboriginal͛s life. Two major problems are:
@ $- !

& especially in southern and central
Canada, where the land is most productive 0 0 # *
@ $- ! ! ! 05 9!

0 0 # *
@ *aving free access to large areas of land with abundant fish and game was key to the Aboriginal
ability to maintain their traditional way of life ^gave up most of the land^have difficulties on hunting
and fishing, loss of economic base
@ Reserves today are less than 1% (not include Nunavut) of Canada͛s area ^small amount of land living
nearly one million Aboriginal people
@ and not fertile, not much minerals, fishes, animals or commercial forests^ $- !

! : not leaving^need to face the future of poverty and
unemployment; leaving^better economic future, but abandoning their community and cannot leave
traditionally
05 +

@ Before arrival of EuropeansÂboriginal peoples of North America governed themselves successfully
@ £overnment treaties deprived Aboriginal peoples of the right to govern themselves^results in many
problems:
@ ack of Self £overnment ^ - !
^ !

!
!
^destroy their economic base and traditional way of life
@ * -
> with ^damage to economic base
and traditional lifestyle
@ âssimilate the Aboriginal children to the language and culture of
mainstream Canadian society^
the children from learning and practicing
Aboriginal cultural traditions (-
)
Aboriginal people want self-government^ ^believe it will give
them:
@ $- !

@ #3 -
@ ! - 3 !
!7

% % !
!
@ Between 1 .to 12, it was !for a First Nation to hire a lawyer to
@ £overnment felt that treaties set the First Nations apart from the mainstream of Canada^
was in the best long-term interests of Canada͛s Aboriginal populationâttitude to First
Nations change

@ Deals with many issues such as & 9! &

&
!E !E !! 7
@ csually cover large tracts of land^cause major changes of the people who live there
@ Thecreation of Nunavut is an example of a comprehensive claim

@ Claims that are made if one or more terms of the !

-
@ Frequently involve land already occupied by many thousands of Canadians^claims for a sum of
money instead of land
@ Federal government established the specific claim process ^more than / have been
settled, more than / still need to be negotiated
@ Supreme Court cases in 1.4 make the government investigate on many existing issues of the
treaties ^try to ensure that Aboriginal demands for 9! -

* 56
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@ The name '

G
H
5
, the language of nuit people. t describes Nunavut
very well because:
1. <2= '

2. Majority of population^nuit are better able to control their own lives
3. Managers of their own territory^feel that they can more easily protect their culture and
develop an economic base that meets their needs
4. The name is actually in the language of the nuit people (
5
)

% '

?
1. nuit Tapirisat of Canada (TC) made an initial proposal to create the new territory
1< People of the NWT voted to separate and divide a huge region into two parts
114 Final agreement or comprehensive treaty that officially created the new territory
Nunavut was signed
$& Nunavut officially came into existence

111
E
'

%
@ Provided many opportunities for
@ Established conditions for the development of a sound economic base on which both nuit and non-
nuit people could become self-sufficient
"
@ nuit own approx. 20% of the territory = around 350,000 km2
@ nuit has the ! to approx. 10% of the settlement land
@ #D
with the federal government on monitoring wildlife, natural resources and
environmental issues
@ nuit has !
& on the settlement land
@ nuit were given a capital fund of 7- ûse for investment in
economic activities that will help develop a sound economic base for people in Nunavut
@ nuit have preference in the development of the territory͛s resources
@ Creation of 5 ^provides
> - for citizens
@ Calls for a form of territorial 9! that > -
of the territory
9! '

Not directly provide self-government^85% make up nuit people^position to dominate its
government
Make many of the decisions that affect the lives of the citizens of Nunavut, instead of going
through
Complex process on creating a new government^Nunavut government creation is a long slow
process from 1993 (after the treaty) and expected to be completed in 2009
New government need to overcome many problems:
@ ack of educated and experienced people needed to take senior jobs in the new
administration
@ Need to hire non-resident/nuit people to take senior jobs^local people are hired as assistants
to learn and gain experience for the job^later take over the senior jobs
!
*! !
£oods cause more in Nunavut than in southern Canada
Electricity is more expensive than in Ontario and southern Canada
*!

!

cnemployment^poverty and a range of social problems
One third of the people in Nunavut live in communities with unemployment rate higher than
40%
*igh young population^more jobs needed in the future for the young^problem may get worse
(facing the problem that most part of Canada is facing during 1950͛s to 1960͛s, the baby boom)
'

'

E
@ #
"environmentally sensitive tourism @ : very short growing
based on the fascination that people have with season^need a long time or hard to recover
the wonders of nature world (people attracted by damage from exploitation /economic
the nature to travel) development
@ Mining potential (copper, gold, silver, lead, zinc,
diamonds
' !"comprehensive developments strategy for Canada͛s North that enables
northern people to achieve the best political, economic and social development.
* 56
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! "$ % <
As many as 97% are immigrants or descendent of immigrants êncourage immigrants to retain
their traditions and language while absorbing to the larger part of Canadian culture ^create the

society of Canada
mmigrants is one of the dominant themes of Canada history because:
1. Enormous number of immigrants over // ^key factor for Canada͛s
population growth
2. mmigrants from diverse countries^made Canada becomes a culturally diverse nation today
@ A ! of immigration at different period of time^ a variety of & &

both in Canada and in other parts of the world happens in different time

, ! "

@ 1 /
^most of the immigrants come from the * and #

@ ' ^come from
because of

in their countries^Canada is a (a place of safety) from dangers in their own country
; ;
1840s Arrival of thousands of rish rish potato crop fails^facing starvation^move to

settlers Canada or other countries
1905-1914 Massive immigration from Wanting to settle Prairies^government offers free

Eastern Europe to Canada͛s west lands and other incentives for the immigrants
1915-1919 ittle/ small amount of WW and worldwide influenza epidemic

immigration
1930-1945 WW and the worldwide economic depression
1947-1960 Many talians come to Canada Devastation in taly caused by war and the political
and economic uncertainty that follow it
1956 Many *ungarians come to *ungarians revolt against the Russians

Canada fails^refugees come to Canada to avoid punishment
1980s- Thousands of *ong Kong Chinese Seeks for political stability before China retakes
1997 arrive control of *ong Kong
1980-2003 Many people from Afghanistan Seeks a safe haven from conflicts that engulfed in
come to Canada their country.
8
- !
,
"Reasons or factors that cause people want to leave their country
Eg. War, absence of human rights, poor economic and education opportunities, religious
persecution, natural disasters
,
"Reasons or factors that attract and draw people to a country
Eg. Better job opportunities, taxes are lower
! - "Factors that discourage or even completely destroy people from following
through their idea or decision to immigrate
Eg. *uge distance, expensive costs to immigrate, not meeting the immigration requirements

% !
@ Canadian government set strict rules to decide the immigrants that will be admitted or will not
^without restriction^way more people come to Canada^the country cannot support that much of
people
@ Three types of immigrant in Canada: # ! & !
!7

# ! "
@ ncluded 5 5and -
!
@ f one member qualifies, - D

5 5
@ Must receive . in an immigration system designed to identify which people are most
likely to become successful residents Canada
@ The point system always adjusted by the government as time change to ensure that the
immigrants who best meet Canada͛s
*

@ Must show immigration officials both willingness and an ability to make a significant financial
contribution to Canada͛s economy^do it by establishing a business, buy business or making an
investment create at least one job
@

8 , % ! 3

Education 25 A graduate degree and at least 17 years of full-time study or equivalent

to that
anguage Ability 24 *igh proficiency on both French and English
Work 21 Four or more years of experience

experience
Age 10 To be 21 to 49 years of age
Arranged 10 Confirmed offer of permanent employment recognized by *uman

employment Resources Development Canada (*RDC)
Adaptability 10 Spouse(wife) is 9

; applicant or spouse
and
5 ; to have an !> -;

8 ! "
@ Allow Canadian residents to reunite their families by bring their close relatives to Canada
@ Family immigrants must be sponsored by a relative in Canada^the relative needs to agree to provide
the immigrants housing and other needs for 3 to 10 years if the immigrants run into financial
difficulty
@ Risks associated with sponsorship along with stricter government rules^reduce the number of
family immigrants

!"
@ Someone who fears cruel or inhumane treatment (or even death) in his/ her country and migrate to
another
@ Canada accepts
)!

@ Migration occurs between the provinces of Canada
@ 9 ! " provinces that gain migrants from other provinces
@ (
9 ! "provinces that lose population to other provinces

* 56
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$ 1
, "distribution of homes, farms, villages and cities in an area
,
-
"pattern showing where people live and distribute in an area
0
@ Typical of areas with an @ Patterns

@ 0 that exists
!

- ^people

, where economic activities
tend to live on farm that like minerals that support people are
spread out over the region @ Economic opportunities from developed
the development of the @ csually occur in >
resource^draws people to ! ^settlers provide
settle close together services for the travellers.
@ Also exists !
for fishing
Canada͛s population distribution patterns vary: in some area, others are
More than 1/= of Canadians live //5 of the border to c ârea of it is less
than /= of the total area of the countryâll the > and
are located
here
The remaining 10% of Canadians are scattered throughout the rest of the country
,
" the amount or number of people living a square kilometer (88#8()

-
)
8 !
"

Different resources lead to different kinds of settlement. Eg. Southwestern Ontario settlement is
different from Canadian Shield as its resource is the fertile agricultural land while the Shield͛s
resource is the forest
%
* <//, most efficient and common transportation is through water; <//&
settlement generally occurs along roads or railroads; &any place wished can be settled
since people are able to build road and railway
+
For most of the areas, government planned carefully on how, where and when settlement
would occur

"a set of rules that controls how land will be settled and specifies the pattern of
land divisionûse to determine the size and shape of farms, the patterns of roads, and the location
of towns so each area has the services it required

0 !0 , 6
-
Attracted settlement because of rich agricultural resources
O (like the government) charged rent to

based on the width of each lot or

Water access along the St. awrence River or its tributaries allowed travel by boat or on ice
wariety of soil and topography in each roture an advantage for small farms (good soil, flat land
for vegetables, hilly area for pasture, woodlot for fuel and lumber)
*as to access through water^build small frontage along the St . River^need space for
farming^stretch back long distances from the river 0 !0
took the form of long lots: when the river lots had been settledâ second, third or more row of
long lots was settled along a road parallel to the river

(
Ontario Township Survey based on an American design
Township surveyed from baselines: adjoining townships meet at angle

formed from collections of I is a collection of - 5
Rural settlement is influenced by road more than water
Many settlement in Southern Ontario after the concession system has put in place (government
policy)
and run perpendicular to each other at approx. 2km apart (around
5-8 lots)
Settlement occurred on farms spread out along the concession roads and sideroads.
Each farm is a lot and it is usually 40 or 80 hectares in size

,
Surveyed - >
(well-planned)
Simple survey system that had been used in many areas of cnited States (southwestern side)
arge-scale survey to facilitate quick and efficient settlement (using D
)
Baselines begin at 1 9c- & with to account for
convergence of lines of longitude northward (north-south survey lines shift slightly westward)
J4 J
- I
- JD
9
BJ
Some sections reserved and sold to pay for railways, schools, and churches, or to compensate
the *udson͛s Bay Company for the land
Originally developed for the American Midwest^more rainfall than many areas of the Canadian
Prairies^the lands for each farm is too small in Prairies since less rainfall, less production^ needs
more land to enlarge the production base^ (combine separate items) by buying
neighboring quarter-section

0 !0 ,

# ' " long lots make *alfway A "large square
farmers need to travel long way to between long farms^well suited for modern
8 ! work lots pattern and farm machinery
section system
'
: narrow
! : !
farmlands^farmhouses on the and even worst for
long lots are close to neighbors. consolidated farms^
Rely on others nearby for !- 7 , -
and
since people
! have vehicles

9-
Only a few resource-based settlements are scattered throughout the ecozones of northern
Canada
Southern Canada^number of ecozones that the presence of resources has been the cause of
isolated rural settlement
'(% in Mixedwood Plains or Prairies ecozones

# B $!

8 ) !E# !
8 !

Montane ** *** *** ***

Cordillera
Atlantic *** *** ** * **

Maritime
Pacific Maritime * *** *** * **
Boreal Shield * ** *** *** ***
Boreal Plains *** * *** *

9-
Can earn a living by providing services to residents and to travellers passing through
Scattered along major roads that are usually lightly populated
Service usually includes: gas station, souvenir shops, motels, and small restaurants

* 56
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Unit 4 Review Notes

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Unit 4 Review Notes

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c  

Assimilate To absorb into the cultural tradition of a population or group community

Birth rate ʹ Death rate = Natural £rowth Rate

# !    !  

05  +  

 $ & Nunavut officially came into existence

 9!   '

  ; ;

1840s Arrival of thousands of rish rish potato crop fails^facing starvation^move to

1905-1914 Massive immigration from Wanting to settle Prairies^government offers free

1915-1919 ittle/ small amount of WW and worldwide influenza epidemic

1930-1945 WW and the worldwide economic depression

1956 Many *ungarians come to *ungarians revolt against the Russians

Education 25 A graduate degree and at least 17 years of full-time study or equivalent

anguage Ability 24 *igh proficiency on both French and English

Work 21 Four or more years of experience

Age 10 To be 21 to 49 years of age

Arranged 10 Confirmed offer of permanent employment recognized by *uman

Adaptability 10 Spouse(wife) is  9

     )! 

@ Typical of areas with an @ Patterns 

Montane ** *** *** ***

Atlantic *** *** ** * **

Pacific Maritime * *** *** * **

Boreal Shield * ** *** *** ***

Boreal Plains *** * *** *

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c

# ! !

05 +

$& Nunavut officially came into existence

9! '

; ;

1915-1919 ittle/ small amount of WW and worldwide influenza epidemic

1956 Many ungarians come to ungarians revolt against the Russians

anguage Ability 24 *igh proficiency on both French and English

Adaptability 10 Spouse(wife) is 9

)!

@ Typical of areas with an @ Patterns

Montane * * *

Atlantic * * ** * **

Pacific Maritime * * * * **

Boreal Shield * * * *