‫من أخلق الرسول محمد صلى ال عليه وسلم ‪ :‬الحلم والصبر والعفو والشجاعة‬

‫ن الحلم والحتمال والصبر والعفو معانيها كلها متقاربة فهي كلها مما أّدب ال به نبيه المصطفى صلى ال‬
‫إّ‬
‫ف وأعِرض عن الجاهلين { سورة العراف‪.‬‬ ‫خذ العفو واُمر بالُعر ِ‬
‫عليه وسلم فقال تعالى ‪ُ } :‬‬

‫والعرف هو كل ما فرض ال فعله أي كل الواجبات الدينية‪.‬‬

‫ن المطالع لسيرة الرسول محمد صلى ال عليه وسلم العظم يعلم إّنه كان من صفاته أن يعفو عمن ظلمه‬
‫وإ ّ‬
‫ويصل من قطعه ويحسن الى من أساء اليه وإّنه كان ل يزيده كثرة الذى عليه إل صبرا وحلما‪.‬‬

‫قال تعالى في خطابه للرسول عليه الصلة والسلم ‪ }:‬فاصبْر كما صَبر ُأولوا العزِم من الرسِل { )سورة‬
‫الحقاف‪ ,‬آية‪.(35:‬‬

‫تقول السيدة الجليلة عائشة زوج النبي محمد صلى ال عليه وسلم في وصفه صلى ال عليه وسلم ‪ ":‬وما‬
‫انتقم رسول ال محمد صلى ال عليه وسلم لنفسه إل أن تنتهك حرمة ال في شيء فينتقم بها ل " رواه‬
‫البخاري‪.‬‬

‫ومن آثار صبره وعفوه أّنه يوم أحد ابُتلي بلء شديدا فقد ُكسرت رباعيته وشج رأسه الشريف حتى شق ذلك‬
‫على أصحابه شقا شديدا فقال عليه الصلة والسلم ‪ ":‬اللهم اهِد قومي فإنهم ل يعلمون" فانظر‪ ،‬أخي المسلم‪،‬‬
‫ما في هذا القول من جماع الفضل ودرجات الحسان وحسن الخلق وغاية الصبر والحلم إذ لم يقتصر على‬
‫السكوت عنهم بل ودعا لهم‪ ،‬أي للمشركين‪ ،‬بالهداية فقال " اللهم اهِد قومي فإنهم ل يعلمون"‪.‬‬

‫ولما تصدى أحد المشركين وهو غورث بن الحارث ليفتك بالرسول صلى ال عليه وسلم والرسول نائم تحت‬
‫شجرة وحده فلم ينتبه إل والرجل والسيف في يده فقال المشرك للرسول " من يمنعك مني " فقال له عليه‬
‫الصلة والسلم بلسان التوكل واليقين " ال " فسقط السيف من يده فأخذه النبي وقال للرجل " من يمنعك‬
‫مني " قال " كن خير آخذ " فتركه وعفا عنه فرجع ذلك المشرك الى قومه وقال لهم " جئتكم من عند خير‬
‫الناس "‪.‬‬

‫ومن أوصاف النبي محمد صلى ال عليه وسلم الشجاعة والنجدة وكان النبي محمد عليه الصلة والسلم‬
‫منهما بالمكان الذي ل ُيجهل وقد حضر المواقف الصعبة وفّر الُكَماُة والشداُء عنه غير مرة وهو صلى ال‬
‫عليه وسلم ثابت ل يبرح ومقبل ل يدبر ول يتزحزح‪ .‬وقد روى البيهقي عن ابن عمر رضي ال عنهما أنه قال‬
‫‪ " :‬ما رأيت أشجع ول أنجد ول أجود ول أرضى من رسول ال محمد صلى ال عليه وسلم‪.‬‬

‫وروى البيهقي عن سيدنا علي بن أبي طالب رضي ال عنه أنه قال في شجاعة الرسول محمد صلى ال عليه‬
‫حُدق اتقينا برسول ال محمد صلى ال عليه وسلم فما‬
‫وسلم في المعارك " إنا كنا إذا اشتد البأس واحمرت ال ُ‬
 ‫يكون أحد أقرب الى العدو منه‬
." ‫ولقد رأيتني يوم بدر ونحن نلوذ بالنبي محمد صلى ال عليه وسلم وهو أقربنا إلى العدو‬

.‫وكان الرسول محمد صلى ال عليه وسلم أشد الناس يومئذ بأسا‬

‫ويوم حنين لما التقى المسلمون والكفار وّلى بعض المسلمين مدبرين و الرسول محمد صلى ال عليه وسلم‬
‫لم يفر فطفق عليه الصلة والسلم ُيركض بغلته نحو الكفار وأبو سفيان آخذ بلجامها يكفها بغية أن ل تسرع‬
.‫ رواه البخاري‬."‫والرسول محمد صلى ال عليه وسلم العظم يقول " أنا النبي ل كذب أنا ابن عبد المطلب‬

‫ ما أجمل أن تقتدي بالنبي محمد صلى ال عليه وسلم وأن تكون صاحب حلم وصبر وعفو‬،‫أخي المسلم‬
.‫وشجاعة تصبر على أذى الناس وتعفو عمن أساء اليك وتدافع عن دين ال بإقدام وشجاعة‬

____ __________________________________________________

‫ترجمة موضوع اخلق الرسول باللغة النجليزية‬

The ethics of our Master the Prophet Muhammad peace be

upon him

The ethics of our Master the Prophet Muhammad peace be

upon him

Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds, prayer and peace be

upon our master Muhammad al-Tahir al-Amin

. The ethics of our Master the Prophet Muhammad peace be

upon him

Morality of the Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him: the

dream and forgiveness and patience and courage

The dream and the possibility and the meaning of patience

and forgiveness are all close to all of God, which started by
Mustafa Nabih may Allah bless him and God said: (Take the
amnesty and ordered custom and turn away from the
ignorant) Surat customs
. And practice is all that a God did all the duties of any
religion.

The Almutala of the biography of the Prophet Muhammad

may Allah bless him and knows that most of the qualities
that the injustices of those who forgive and go up and to
improve the ill and he was aggravated not only by the large
number of patient harm, and a dream.

The Almighty said in the speech of the Prophet, peace be

upon him: (thy patience and determination of the lords of
the Apostles) (Surat ‫الحقاف‬, no: 35).

Says Ms. Aisha's husband venerable Prophet Muhammad

peace and blessings of Allaah be described and peace be
upon him: "The Messenger of Allah, Mohammad is avenged
may Allah bless him and for himself, however, violate the
sanctity of God is the God Ventqm" Narrated by al-Bukhaari.

One of the consequences of patience and pardon on that one

was severely plagued by the scourge of broken Rbaith head
Sharif even encouraged the construction of the owners, he
said, included a strong peace be upon him: "O Allah Ahad
national, they do not know" look, my brother is, in this
statement from the combination of credit and degrees of
charity and good manners and patience, too, as the dream
not only tolerated them and even called them, any of the
heathens, said guideTo his people and told them: "I came to
from the good peop

From the descriptions of the Prophet Muhammad peace be

upon him for help and the courage and the Prophet
Muhammad, peace be upon him, which they did not know
the place was attended by difficult situations And powerful
in more than once a God's blessings and peace be upon him
and drove firm to handle the future is not unwavering. It
was narrated by al-Bayhaqi from Ibn Omar may Allah be
pleased with them, he said: "What I saw and I encourage
Anjad not the best nor the satisfaction of Allah, Mohammad
is the Messenger of Allaah be upon him blessings and peace.

Narrated by al-Bayhaqi from our Master Ali bin Abi Talib,

may Allah be pleased with him, he said the courage of the
Prophet Muhammad, God's blessings and peace be upon him
in battle, "We have intensified if we are strong and red
Alhdq Atakina blessings of Allah, Mohammad is the
Messenger of Allah and peace be upon him is one which is
closer to the enemy

The Badr Roitni on and we cut the Prophet Muhammad,

God's blessings and peace be upon him, a Oqrbena to the
enemy. "

On nostalgia as he met the Muslims and the infidels by some

Muslims and Li, organizing, and the Prophet Muhammad
may Allah bless him and did not flee Vtefq peace be upon
him running towards the infidels and Muhammad may Allah
bless him and most say "I am the Prophet did not lie I am
the son of Abdul Muttalib." Narrated by al-Bukhaari.

On nostalgia as he met the Muslims and the infidels by some

Muslims and Li, organizing, and the Prophet Muhammad
may Allah bless him and did not flee Vtefq peace be upon
him running towards the infidels and Bgleth Abu Sufian
Balijamha Icfha is not in order to speed up and the Prophet
Muhammad may Allah bless him and most say "I am the
Prophet I do not lie Ibn Abdul-Muttalib. " Narrated by al-
Bukhaari

Muhammad, Prophet Of Islam

Into this environment at Mecca was born a man who would change completely
the religious, political, and social organization of his people. Muhammad (c.
570-632) came from a family belonging to the Koraysh. His early years were
difficult because of the deaths of both his parents and his grandfather who
cared for him after his parents' loss. He was raised by his uncle, Abu Talib,
a prominent merchant of Mecca. His early years were spent helping his uncle in
the caravan trade. Even as a young man, Muhammad came to be admired by his
fellow Meccans as a sincere and honest person, and earned the nickname
al-Amin, "the trustworthy." When he was about twenty years old, he accepted
employment by a wealthy widow, Khadija, whose caravans traded with Syria. He
later married Khadija and took his place as a leading influential citizen of
the city. Muhammad's marriage to Khadija was a long and happy one, and
produced two sons, who both died as infants, and two daughters, of whom the
younger, Fatima, is best known.

A description of Muhammad, and probably a very accurate one, has been

preserved in the Sira, the traditional biography of the Prophet. He is
described as a handsome, large man with broad shoulders, black, shining eyes
flecked with brown, and a fair complexion. His personality was reserved and
gentle, but he was a man of impressive energy. He walked quickly, and always
seemed to make it difficult for his friends to keep up with him. Although he
was a popular companion, an energetic businessman, and a responsible husband
and father, Muhammad was a very introspective man. Often he would escape from
the society, which he considered too materialistic and irreligious, and spend
long hours alone in a cave on nearby Mount Hira. In these hours of meditation
Muhammad searched for answers to the metaphysical questions that many
thoughtful Arabs were beginning to explore. Muhammad's meditations many times
produced nearly total mental and physical exhaustion. During one such solitary
meditation, Muhammad heard a call that was to alter the history of the world.

Muhammad's first communication from heaven came in the form of a command:

Recite! In the name of your Lord, who created all things,

who created man from a clot (of blood).
Recite! And your Lord is Most Bounteous
Who teaches by the Pen,
teaches man that which he would not
have otherwise known (Koran 96:1-5)

The Arabic word for "recitation" or "reading" is qur'an, and the

collected revelations given to Muhammad are known to us as the Koran. The
revelations that continued to come over the next twenty years were sometimes
terse and short, at other times elaborate and poetic. The early revelations
did not immediately convince Muhammad that he was a messenger of God. In fact,
his first reaction was fear and self-doubt. During his depressions brought on
by fears over the source and nature of his revelations, he sought the comfort
and advice of Khadija. As the revelations continued, Muhammad finally became
convinced that the message he was receiving was the truth, and that he had
been called to be a messenger of divine revelation. He came to think of
himself and his mission as one similar to prophets and messengers who had
preceded him in announcing the existence of the one God, Allah. Allah, "the
God," was the same God worshiped by the Christians and Jews, but Allah had now
chosen Muhammad to be his last and greatest prophet to perfect the religion
revealed earlier to Abraham, Moses, the Hebrew prophets, and Jesus. The
religion Muhammad preached is called Islam, which means surrender or
submission to the will of God. The followers of Islam are called Muslims. The
term Muslim refers to one who submits to God's law.

Muhammad's Message And Early Followers

At first Muhammad had little success in attracting followers in Mecca.

The early message Muhammad brought to the Arabs was one of sternness and
strength: that Allah was one and majestic, all-powerful and demanding of the
faith of his followers. Furthermore, Allah demanded that his followers be
compassionate, ethical, and just in all their dealings:

In the name of Allah, the most Beneficent, the

Most Merciful
by the night as it enshrouds
by the day as it illuminates
by Him Who created the male and female
indeed your affairs lead to various ends.
For who gives (of himself) and acts righteously,
and conforms to goodness,
We will give him ease.
But as for him who is niggardly cleaning himself,
self-sufficient and rejects goodness,
We will indeed ease his path to adversity.
Nor shall his wealth save him as he perishes
for Guidance is from Us
and to Us belongs the Last and First (92:1-14)

Muhammad was able to win the early support of some of his relatives and
close friends. His first converts were his wife, his cousin Ali, and Abu Bakr,
a leading merchant of the Koraysh tribe who was highly respected for his
integrity. Abu Bakr remained the constant companion of the Prophet during his
persecution and exile and later became the first caliph (leader) of Islam. But
opposition to Muhammad's message was very strong, especially from Mecca's
leading citizens. Many thought Muhammad was a poor poet attempting to pass on
his own literary creations as the word of God. Others believed him to be
possessed by demons. Muhammad's strong monotheism worried those residents of
Mecca who obtained their income from the pilgrims to the Kaaba. Most of
Muhammad's early converts were among the poorest of the city's residents, and
Mecca's leading citizens feared social revolution.

Since Muhammad was himself a member of the Koraysh tribe, its leaders
first tried to convince Abu Talib to persuade his nephew to stop preaching.
Next they tried to bribe Muhammad himself with the promise of a lucrative
position in tribal affairs. When such offers were rejected, actual persecution
of Muhammad's converts began, and a commercial and social boycott of the
Prophet's family was attempted. During this time Abu Talib and Khadija both
died, and Muhammad's faith and resolution was greatly tested. But inspired by
the spirit and example of earlier prophets such as Abraham and Moses, who were
also tested and persecuted, Muhammad persevered in his faith and continued his
preaching.

The Hijrah

To the north of Mecca is the city of Medina, which was then called
Yathrib. The residents of Medina were more familiar with monotheistic beliefs,
perhaps because of the Jewish community in residence there. They also had no
dependence on the revenues from a pagan site of pilgrimage, as the Meccans
had. Some pilgrims from Medina saw in Muhammad a powerful and influential
leader and invited him to come to Medina to settle differences among rival
factions. Muhammad sent some of his followers from Mecca to take up residence
in Medina in order to escape persecution. Muhammad and Abu Bakr were the last
to leave when it became known that the Koraysh intended to kill the Prophet.
They were followed, but escaped, the story goes, by hiding in a narrow cave
whose entrance was quickly covered by a spider's web. The web convinced
Koraysh that the cave had been abandoned for a long while.

The Hijrah, or "migration" from Mecca to Medina (often transliterated as

Hegira), took place in September 622. The event was such a turning point in
the history of Islam that the year is counted as Year One of the Islamic
calendar. In Medina, the Prophet met with entirely different circumstance than
in his birthplace. His leadership turned Medina (Madinat al Nali, or the City
of the Prophet) into the leading center of power in the Arabian peninsula.

The Community At Medina

Muhammad was received in Medina as a leader and a spiritual visionary. He

and his followers set about the establishment of a genuine community, or
Ummah, free of pressure and persecution. The community at Medina included a
number of Jewish and Christian families, whom Muhammad tried to convert. His
efforts were successful with some Jewish residents, but the Jews who did not
choose to accept Muhammad's faith were allowed to continue their way of life,
since they were also held to be "people of the Book" to whom Allah had made
himself known through earlier prophets.
The care of the community at Medina was of grave concern to Muhammad.
Many of those who followed the prophet to Medina were without work, and
necessary food was sometimes obtained by plundering the caravans passing
Medina on the way to Mecca. Also, Muhammad and his followers became steadily
more agressive in their attempts to win converts to Islam. The word jihad,
meaning struggle, was applied to the early efforts of the Ummah to win
converts and strengthen its own recruiting. Military encounters with the pagan
opponents of Islam began in 624, with the battle of Bedr. Muhammad defeated
the stronger Koraysh army of Mecca, and the victory reinforced the resolve of
the new religion's followers. Succeeding battles established the Muslims as
the dominant force in Arabia, and finally a truce with Mecca was arranged,
under which the Muslims could visit the holy shrines in the city.

Return To Mecca

In 629 Muhammad returned with his followers to take control of the city
of Mecca and to cleanse the Kaaba of pagan idols. The temple itself, together
with the Black Stone, was preserved as the supreme religious center of Islam
the "Mecca" to which all devout Muslims are to attempt to make a pilgrimage
during their lifetimes. Muhammad urged his old enemies and unbelievers to
accept Islam and become part of the Ummah. By 632, almost all of the Arabian
peninsula had accepted Islam, and Muhammad had even sent ambassadors to the
neighboring Byzantine and Persian empires to announce the new religion and
encourage converts. Clearly Muhammad did not look upon Islam as only a
religion of the Arabs, and certainly sought converts other than the residents
of the Arabian peninsula.

The Death Of Muhammad

Muhammad died on June 8, 632 in Medina. He succumbed to a fever, probably

induced by the great strains brought on by constant campaigns for new converts
and the unrelenting demands for his attention. Muslims at first refused to
accept his death, but were reassured by Abu Bakr, who recited this verse from
the Koran:

Muhammad is only a messenger: many are the messengers

who have died before him; if he dies, or is slain, will
you turn back on your heels? (3: 144)

On the day of Muhammad's death, the question of leadership of the

faithful was solved by the democratic election of Abu Bakr, who became the
Prophet's first successor or caliph (from the Arabic khalifa). Abu Bakr was
not looked upon as a prophet; Muhammad was seen as the last and the greatest
of Allah's messengers. The caliph was regarded as the head of the Islamic
Ummah.

The significance of Muhammad to the birth and growth of Islam is

impossible to overestimate. The Prophet and his message inspired his followers
to create and work for the betterment of a society united by the Islamic
faith. Tribal loyalties were replaced by faith in the One God, who chose to
speak to his people in their own language through a messenger who was also one
of their own.

Soon after Muhammad's death, his followers and companions, many of whom
were scholars and teachers, began to collect and codify his teachings and
actions. The result of their efforts was the hadith, or reports of the
activities and sayings of Muhammad. The hadith has become an important source
of values and ethical paths of behavior for the Islamic world. The Sunnah, the
custom or practice of the Prophet, is grounded in the hadith and serves as a
pattern for a model way of life to be imitated by the faithful. Sunni Islam is
thus based on imitation of the Prophet's behavior as a proper goal for a
meaningful life; 85 percent of the modern world's Muslims are Sunni.