c
  

m| International Code & Standard:

| SME ( erican Society of Mechanical Engineering)
| îS (îritish Standard). Now It is known as EN(European Nor s)

m| uture Projects:
| ½IL, Ja nagar will connect all petrol pu ps in India through pipe line. SO
huge de and will co e.
| uture is of rea Manager
| Infosys, Patni, Wipro and ccenture is co ing in Piping ield.

m| Why hydro-test pressure is 1.5 ti es to design pressure?

| llowable stress is 2/3 of yield stress

m| Code:
| Code is a docu ent which gives safety guidelines for design, construction
and installation of equip ent
| In SME, 31 is a series of pressure piping code.
SME î, î which indicates Metallic group.
SME î 31.1 to 31.12, 31.12 is new code which is for Hydrogen.

m| Codes in different country:

India: îIS
 erica: SME
Ger any: DIN(Now EN)
îritain: îS(Now EN)
Japan: JIS
Canada: CS
m| Oil Exploration by Drilling:

½ed color well is injection well and other right sided well is production
well.
Oil is extracted fro 18000¶ below sea level.
In crude oil, ainly HC co ponents are present.
Mainly 80% carbon and 10-15 % hydrogen
In oil rig, above sea level, the whole structure is called Well Head.
This Well Head is very dangerous and it is of highly pressurized.
It is also known as Christ as Tree..

ro crude oil,

irst LPG, light end che ical, petrol, jet fuel, diesel, wax/lubricants, fuel
oil and at last asphalt is carried out.
Oil is heater by fire heater before entering the distillation colu n at in.
600deg C and ax 1300 deg C.

m| ro production well, gas, water and oil is extracted. This ixture is
separated in tank fro the density difference of co ponent.
 Water co ing out fro separator is conta inated, very poisonous, so to
discharge this water either conta inated particles should be re oved or
again should be injected in the injection well.

m| In ixture if H2 % is ore, then it will co e in gaseous for which is

called natural gas.(CNG/LNG)
If in ixer, carbon % is ore, then the HC ixer will be liquid which is
crude oil.

m| While extracting the oil, si ultaneously Co2 is injected to avoid vaccu .

m| Sea Level:
Upto 100 : Shallow Sea
100 to 200 : Deep Sea(Pipe line is supported by rope)
bove 200 : Super deep sea (Pipe line is supported by riser and rope)

m| In routine, bore well depth is allowed up to 200 ft.

If we are harvesting the rain water, govern ent will give 50 % subsidy.

m| While constructing any structure, the soil bearing capacity is checked.

m| Oil Industry:

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m| or the entry in offshore, certification is andatory.

Test: IT-it to Offshore
HSE-Health, Safety and Environ ent
m| Pigging: