Treaties

• Treaty of Paris 1763

1. Boundary is Mississippi river –English
-English going to stay east of Appalachian Mountains
-west of Appalachian Mountains for Indians (1763)
2. British get Florida
Result at end of French + Indian War (1756 -1763)
-also know as Seven Years war

• Treaty of Paris 1783

(Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, John Jay)
1. British must evacuate U.S territories in “Due time”
2. Recognize American Independence
3. Western Boundary Mississippi River
4. Fishing allowed off coast of New Foundland
5. Pre-war depts still owed
6. Loyalists – restore rights/property
Result of End of Revolutionary War

• Treaty of Fort Stanwix 1784

-Iroquois who remained ceded most of their lands to the U.S and
retreated to small reservations

• Jays Treaty (1794-1975)

- John Jay want Spain to open up river  Spain tariffs Mississippi, all
Spanish ports opened; Northeast liked it but Interior did not like it
1. British will leave west
2. British will pay 1.3 in lost goods/damages
3. U.S pays back pre-war debt (600,000)
Stop impressment (didn’t)

• The Adams–Onís Treaty of 1819

- settled a border dispute in North America between the United States and
Spain.
- Said Spain would give up Florida and U.S would agree to giving Texas to
Spain

• Treaty of Guadeloupe Hidalgo (1848)

- 1. Ends War
- 2. 75,000 Mexicans and 150,000 Indians in the US
- 3. $15 million paid for New Mexico and California (Rio Grand boarder)
- 4. agree to honor political and civil rights
- 5. later pay 10 million for Gasden Purchase (LATER ON)
Ends War with Mexico
Whiskey Tax (1791)
On manufacture of distilled liquor
Hamilton
Hurt farmers
Much controversy and dislike
Convention at Pittsburg declared its intention to prevent the tax’ collections/
Pittsburgh an angry crowd cornered a dozen federal soldiers in the marshal’s
house
-troops surrendered
-house was torched
Washington ordered federal troops to restore order
-13,000 men sent to Pennsylvania
Showed the importance and strength of a federal government (showed effectiveness)

Essay
Topic: Explain why the Articles of Confederation were unsuccessful, and prove that the
Constitution was a more effective piece of writing that really helped the United States grow
politically.

Introduction Paragraph:
Hook: “The Constitution is the guide which I never will abandon.”
-George Washington

Body Paragraph 1: Articles of the Confederation weak

-1776
-Plan of perpetual union
-Wanted to avoid a tyrannical nation
-Created government with much power in states and little power in the national
government
-Congress could:
-regulate foreign affairs
-declare war
-mediate boundary disputes
-manage the post office
-administer relations with Indians
-Congress could not:
-raise troops
-could not tax
-could not make laws

Major event that showed that the A.O.C was too weak was:
-Daniel Shays' Rebellion:
-1786
- soldiers hadn’t received payments
-Massachusetts people had to borrow money to pay their taxes and
support their families (borrowed from American merchants)
 -no commercial banks loans and debt got confusing
-when prices went down merchants asked for loans back
-famers and laboring people hit hard
- could not pay state taxes
- losing farms
- Sept armed men closed at court at Worcester
-when more threats appeared governor sent 600 militiamen to protect
state S.C
-500 insurgents gather under the leadership of Daniel Shay (a
popularly revolutionary war captain) more men joined
-Governor Bowdoin financed army of 4,400 men
-January 26, 1787 Shays led 1,200 men toward the federal arsenal at
Springfield. When they arrived, its frightened defenders opened fire,
killing four of the attackers and sending the Shaysites into retreat. By
the end of February, the rebellion was over.
-******showed that the A.O.C. are too weak
- needed a new constitution

Massachusetts state legislature, in an effort to quickly repay its state

debts, sharply increased taxes while demanding immediate repayment
of all debts. Shays followed democratic procedures to protest these
measures through petition. When his pleas were ignored, he claimed
that his rights were being abused and took up arms, declaring "no
taxation without representation." To many, this demonstrated the
corruption of democracy in a state government unwilling to bend to
the will of its constituents. Furthermore, Shays' insurrection lasted for
many months before a state militia suppressed it. This demonstrated
the weakness of the national government to suppress rebellion from
within. The overall impact of this event was to convince many of the
need for a new system of government that would prevent similar
incidents. Many agreed on the need for a strong national government
that would have the authority to assume the debts of the states, to tax,
and to be the final appeal in all cases of injustice. These items were
all integrated into the U.S. Constitution.

Other Small Events:

1. states arguing over land New Hampshire going back and forth with New
York about the land that is now currently Vermont
2. Mississippi closed by Spain

Body Paragraph 2: Constitution strong

States want a written government
-permanent and effective government
1. wanted to see enumerated rights/powers
2. people had access to seeing expectations were fulfilled; know guidelines
 • Bill of Rights
-purpose of Bill of Rights is to please the people and to have a written
statement of their rights
1. Protect individual rights
2. Does not give states more power

• What was the Grand Convention

-May 1787 Philadelphia
-“Constitutional Convention” and also “Philadelphia convention”
- establish new government/constitution

-James Madison = “Father of Constitution” he was very involved in the making of it,
thought of the Virginia plan, and helped write it
- Virginia Plan (large states liked)
1. Bicameral Congress
Upper House (senate)
-chosen by the lower house
-reps/state/population: proportional
Lower House (house of reps)
-chosen by the people
- reps/state/population: proportional
2. presidential election have Electoral College
- New Jersey Plan (small states liked)
- everything should be equal not proportional
-Virginia Plan won
-smaller states threatened to leave
-Great Compromise (“Connecticut compromise”)
 proportional in House of Representatives
 Senate is equal
-makes large and small states happy

-***Constitution***
New Strengths
1. power to tax
2. congress could regulate tread
3. devise a plan for citizenship
4. print money (states could no longer)
5. legislate

-supremacy clause
-proper and necessary

Body Paragraph 3: Compare and Contrast

-Forming National hard--- difficult to make everyone happy

-Opposing views:
 -Federalists (Jay, Hamilton, Madison)
- more government involvement
-loose interpretation
-Hamilton
-tariffs
-national bank
-opposite of antis
-Anti-Federalist (Luther Martin)
-less govt is more
- pro-French
-opposed national bank
-oppose tariffs
-oppose ppl of wealth in gov
-support farming
-strict construction

-great compromise helped to try to make a balance of equal power among states
-house proportional
-senate 2

- Dealt with issue of Slavery

-3/5 compromise
- slaves = 3/5 of a person
-Slavery (the word) not in constitution
-slave trade: importation of slaves ended 1809
- no more slaves being brought into the country

-Whiskey Rebellion
- Pennsylvania – Pittsburgh
- Federal Troops sent 13,000 to stop rebellions
**Showed Effectiveness of Government**

Conclusion:
Sum it up