Unit 9 15/04/2011 08:30:00

Cold War
• Immediately following WWII the Cold war stats
• After Allies left countries they fought through
• Russia stayed there (East Germany, Eastern bloc countries)
• Bretton Woods conference:
• Focus on the world economy
o Create IMF (international monetary fund)
• Dumbarton Oaks Conference:
• Laid foundation for UN charter
• Nuremburg Trials
• 22 Nazi’s tried for war crimes
• 12 convicted and hung
o 7 get long jail time
• Germany partitioned:
• West divided into 3 parts, all of east to USSR
o Same with Berlin
• Truman Doctrine
• US policy of containment
• And the commitment of huge sums of money for the rebuilding of
Europe
• Marshall Plan
 • Set up large sums of money to be give n to rebuild Europe
• US put in huge amounts of money
• Organization of American States
• US and Latin American Policy
o Next step of good neighbor policy

o Keeps them out of communism

• National Security Act of 1947
• Department of Defense created
• NSC 68
• Written in 1950
• National Security Council issue 68
o Issued in relation to fall of China to communism
• Worldwide defense of communism through the build up of the
military
• Creation of Voice of America
• Propaganda behind enemy lines
• Atomic Energy Commission
• Puts the power to drop a nuke in the hands of the president
• Berlin Airlift
• Response to Soviet Blockade
• NATO
• Puts all of eastern Europe under US nuclear shield
• Soviet response to NATO:
• Warsaw Pact
• Consisted of all Eastern bloc countries
• Puppet governments of Soviets
• 1949: soviets detonate first nuclear bomb

Truman’s first term

• many states had made laws outlawing union shops
• workers cannot be in unions
• Presidential Succession Act
• Sets up the replacement of president
• nd
22 amendment
• only 2 terms or max ten years
• response to FDR
• Red Scare
• Shows power of fear
• Fear of spies in government and everywhere
• 1957: Sputnik launched
• first satellite launched
 • rocks American minds, drives them to work
• Smith Act
• Like sedition act
• HUAC
• House Committee on Un-American communists
• Program to root out spies
• Richard Nixon pushes it
• All public officials must take loyalty oath
• McCarran Internal Security Bill: all communist organizations must identify
• McCarthy attempts to take on the Army
• Truman’s opinion was to let him go until he destroys himself
• 1954: Senate passes a resolution condemning him
• Election of 1948
• Truman over Dewey
• Democrats had divided
o Truman
• New progressive party
• Truman gets the vote of the workers and the blacks
• Vital Center 1948-68
• JFK: “rising tides lift all boats”
o Not true for many
 • Huge group, had the power to elect
• Supported containment
• Mistakes:
o Vietnam
• 1968: Vital Center Destroyed
o worst year of Vietnam

o at Johnsons presidency
• GI Bill of Rights
• GI can save money for college
• Baby Boom 1945-1960
•
•
•
Civil Rights
• Montgomery Bus Boycott 1955-56
• Started by Rosa Parks (Dec 11 1955)
• Bring in MLK to be voice
• Primary mode of transportation for many
o Huge sacrifice for people

o Huge financial disaster for bus company

• SCLC: Southern Christian Leadership Conference
 o About nonviolent protest
• Greensboro Sit in
• SNIC
War Stuff
• Secretary of State under Eisenhower: “Massive something”
• Brinkmanship: going to the brink of war so the enemy strikes first
• Eisenhower wants to reform military
• Increase nuclear capability
• Vietnam
• Dien Bien Phu
• Diem, pro American leader of south Vietnam
o He has our support
• Fear that communism will takeover Southeast Asia
o If Vietnam goes, all will

o Domino Theory
• Middle East
• US engineers a coup
o Installs the Shah of Iran
• Shah a bad man
• He was dying of cancer and US gave him refuge
o Iranian students stormed the US embassy and held

Americans hostage
 • US sets up Israel
o Immediately crisis begins
• Suez canal seized
• Cuba
• Platt Amendment
New Frontier
• Kennedy v Nixon
• First televised election, huge factor
• Kennedy wins
• 1960’s, move to impeach Earl Warren
• liberal justice on court
• Big court decisions
• Miranda Decision
o Miranda v Arizona: every criminal must be informed of rights

and must understand

• Escobedo
o Gives prisoners due process rights

o Wayne Right: state must supply all criminals with an attorney

in felon cases
• Peace Corps
• “Kennedy-Johnson Administration”
• since Kennedy in office so short time
• Berlin Wall goes up
 • Kennedy does nothing other than say he shouldn’t do it
o Shows him as weak president
• 1963: negotiating treaties on nuclear testing
• nuclear test ban treaty
• US and Soviets
o Cannot test bombs in atmosphere
• Cuba
• Castro: asked US for help against Batista
• April 17th 19??: Bay of Pigs Incident
• Plan to get Cuban exiles, train them, drop them back in Cuba, and
give air support
• Hope that these people could incite a rebellion against Castro
• Cuba was waiting: massacred men
• Cuban Missile Crisis:
• Cuba asks Soviets to put missiles in Cuba
• US gets wind of missile silos being built in Cuba
• US blockaded Cuba
• Johnson: runs on own in 1964:
Johnson
• Great Society, War on Poverty
• Funded projects to reform US society
Robert Kennedy
• Huge advocate of Civil rights
• Killed after California Primary
Sexual Revolution
• Caused by birth control pill
• Can have sexy time lots of yessss
• Equal pay for equal work
• Leader: Betty Fridan
• The Feminine Mystique
• “you are more than a wife and a mother”
Vietnam:
• Gulf of Tonkin incident
• Ended by the war powers act
• Tunnels everywhere in ‘nam
• Americans lied to
• pentagon papers
o Daniel Elsberg
• Kent State:
• Nonviolent student protestors popped in the head by the soldiers