0 $ 1 $6 , .

+$-,,''$1
18805$+

%HEHUDSD.HVDODKDQ
<DQJ'LODNXNDQ6HEDJLDQ-DPD¶DK

ROHK
6\DLNK0XKDPPDG6KDOLK$O¶8WVDLPLQ

3HQHUMHPDK
$PDQ1DGLU6DOHK
(GLWRU
0XKDPPDG<XVXI+DUXQ0$
0XQLU)XDGL/F
0XK0XLQXGGLQ%DVUL
0DQDVLN+DMLGDQ8PURK 
%$*$,0$1$6(25$1*086/,0
0(/$.8.$10$1$6,.+$-,'$1805$+

&DUD\DQJWHUEDLNEDJLVHRUDQJPXVOLPXQWXNPHODNXNDQPDQDVLNKDML
GDQ XPUDK DGDODK GHQJDQ PHODNVDQDNDQ KDML GDQ XPUDK WHUVHEXW VHVXDL
GHQJDQ\DQJGLODNXNDQROHK5DVXOXOODK² VKDOODOODKXDODLKLZDVDOODP² DJDU
GHQJDQ GHPLNLDQ PHQGDSDWNDQ NHFLQWDDQ GDQ DPSXQDQ GDUL $OODK $OODK
7D·DODEHUILUPDQ
>ö·Á Áèã…¡
öð¥û¿öðóÂèä
…¡öðy Hফ¢ç…¡ù¦bö¬üïù›òë@
´.DWDNDQODK  ¶-LND NDPX EHQDUEHQDU PHQFLQWDL $OODK LNXWLODK DNX
QLVFD\D $OODK PHQFLQWDL GDQ PHQJDPSXQL GRVDGRVDPX $OODK 0DKD
3HQJDPSXQODJL0DKDSHQ\D\DQJµ$OL,PURQ

6HGDQJ EHQWXN KDML \DQJ SDOLQJ VHPSXUQD DGDODK KDML 7DPDWWX· EDJL
RUDQJRUDQJ \DQJ VHEHOXPQ\D WLGDN PHPEDZD ELQDWDQJ NXUEDQ NDUHQD
1DEL ² VDOODKX DODLKL ZDVDOODP ² WHODK PHPHULQWDKNDQ XQWXN EHUWDKDOOXO
VHWHODK VHOHVDL XPUDK GDQ PHQHJDVNDQ NHSDGD SDUD VDKDEDW EHOLDX GHQJDQ
VDEGDQ\D
öðà÷ªôô·
¾n¡ªìÇ¢÷©Â¥¾¬Ç¡ ¢÷Â÷—ú÷ªô¦ì¬Ç¡ó
$QGDLNDWD DNX PHQJKDGDSL XUXVDQNX GDODP KDML WHQWX DNX WLGDN
DNDQ EHUSDOLQJ $NX WLGDN DNDQ PHPEDZD ELQDWDQJ NXUEDQ GDQ WHQWX DNX
DNDQEHUWDKDOOXOEHUVDPDNDOLDQµ
+DML WDPDWWX· DGDODK PHODNVDQDNDQ LEDGDK XPUDK VHFDUD VHPSXUQD
SDGD EXODQEXODQ KDML GDQ EHUWDKDOOXO GDUL XPUDK WHUVHEXW ODOX EHULKUDP
XQWXNKDMLSDGDWDKXQLWXMXJD

805$+

 -LND DQGD EHULKUDP XQWXN XPUDK PDND PDQGLODK VHEDJDLPDQD NHWLND

PDQGLEHVDU²ELODKDOLWXPHPXQJNLQNDQ ODOX SDNDLODKSDNDLDQLKUDP
EHUXSD NDLQ GDQ VHOHQGDQJ EDJL NDXP ZDQLWD PHPDNDL SDNDLDQ DSD
VDMD\DQJWDQSDEHUKLDVNHPXGLDQEDFDODK
îó îÂË îôm¡
îó¨øàüó¡
¾øk¡ù› î¦óîóîÂË î¦óî¦óö ôó¡î¦ó§Âøßî¦ó
³$NX VDPEXW SDQJJLODQ0X XQWXN PHQXQDLNDQ LEDGDK XPUDK $NX VDPEXW
SDQJJLODQPX \D $OODK DNX VDPEXW SDQJJLODQ0X $NX VDPEXW
SDQJJLODQ0X WLDGD VHNXWX EDJL0X DNX VDPEXW SDQJJLODQ0X
6HVXQJJXKQ\D VHJDOD SXML NHQLNPDWDQ GDQ NHUDMDDQ DGDODK PLOLN0X
WLDGDVHNXWXEDJL0Xµ
/DEEDLNDUWLQ\DDNXVDPEXWSDQJJLODQ0XXQWXNPHQXQDLNDQLEDGDK
+DMLGDQ8PUDK
0DQDVLN+DMLGDQ8PURK 
 -LND VXGDK VDPSDL GL 0DNNDK ODNXNDQODK WDZDI XPUDK PHQJHOLOLQJL
.D·EDK WXMXK NDOL SXWDUDQ GLPXODL GDUL +DMDU $VZDG GDQ EHUDNKLU GL
+DMDU$VZDG/DOXVKDODWODKGXDUDND·DWGLEHODNDQJ0DTDP,EUDKLP
GHNDWGHQJDQ0DTDPNDODXPXQJNLQDWDXMDXKGDULQ\D
 6HWHODK VHOHVDL VKDODW GXD UDND·DW SHUJLODK NH %XNLW 6KDID XQWXN
PHODNXNDQVD·LXPUDKWXMXKNDOLSXWDUDQGLPXODLGDUL%XNLW6KDIDGDQ
EHUDNKLUGL%XNLW0DUZD
 6HWHODKVHOHVDLVD·LSHQGHNNDQODKUDPEXWNHSDOD
'HQJDQ GHPLNLDQVHOHVDLODK SDODNVDQDDQ LEDGDK 8PUDK GDQEXNDODK
SDNDLDQLKUDPDQGDODOXJDQWLODKGHQJDQSDNDLDQELDVD

+$-,

 3DGDSDJLKDULWDQJJDO]XOKLMMDKEHULKUDPODKXQWXNKDMLGDULWHPSDW
WLQJJDODQGDGHQJDQPDQGLWHUOHELKGDKXOXMLNDPXQJNLQODOXSDNDLODK
SDNDLDQLKUDPNHPXGLDQXFDSNDQODK
îóîÂË îôm¡
îó¨øàüó¡
¾øk¡ù›î¦óîÂË î¦óî¦óö ôó¡î¦ó¢´·î¦ó
´$NX VDPEXW SDQJJLODQ0X XQWXN PHQXQDLNDQ LEDGDK +DML $NX
VDPEXWSDQJJLODQ0X\D$OODKDNXVDPEXWSDQJJLODQ0XDNXVDPEXW
SDQJJLODQ0X WLDGD VHNXWX EDJL0X DNX VDPEXW SDQJJLODQ0X
6HVXQJJXKQ\D VHJDOD SXML NHQLNPDWDQ GDQ NHUDMDDQ DGDODK PLOLN0X
WLDGDVHNXWXEDJL0Xµ

 NHPXGLDQ SHUJLODK NH 0LQD 6KDODW =XKXU $VKDU 0DJKULE ,V\D GDQ
6XEXK GL VDQD GHQJDQ PHQJTDVKDU VKDODWVKDODW \DQJ HPSDW UDND·DW
PDVLQJPDVLQJ GLODNXNDQ SDGD ZDNWXQ\D WDQSD MDPD· WD·NKLU GDQ
MDPD·WDTGLP
 -LND PDWDKDUL WHODK WHUELW SDGD WDQJJDO  =XOKLMMDK SHUJLODK PHQXMX
$UDIDW VKDODWODK =XKXU GDQ $VDU GL $UDIDW GHQJDQ MDPD· WDTGLP GDQ
TDVKDU GXD UDND·DW GXD UDND·DW %HUGLDPODK GL $UDIDW VDPSDL
PDWDKDUL WHUEHQDP GHQJDQ PHPSHUEDQ\DN ]LNLU GDQ GR·D VDPELO
PHQJKDGDS.LEODW
 MLND PDWDKDUL WHUEHQDP WLQJJDONDQODK $UDIDW PHQXMX 0X]GDOLIDK
6KDODW 0DJKULE ,V\D GDQ 6KXEXK GL 0X]GDOLIDK ODOX EHUGLDPODK GL
0X]GDOLIDK XQWXN EHUGR·D GDQ ]LNLU VDPSDL PHQGHNDWL WHUELWQ\D
PDWDKDUL-LNDNHDGDDQDQGDOHPDKWLGDNPXQJNLQEHUGHVDNGHVDNDQ
VDDWPHODPSDUMXPUDKPDNDGLSHUEROHKNDQEDJLDQGDXQWXNEHUDQJNDW
PHQXMX 0LQD VHWHODK SHUWHQJDKDQ PDODP ODOX PHOHPSDU -XPUDK $TDEDK
VHEHOXPURPERQJDQMHPDDKGDWDQJ
 -LND WHODK GHNDW WHUELWQ\D PDWDKDUL EHUMDODQODK PHQXMX 0LQD 6HWHODK
VDPSDLGL0LQDODNXNDQODKKDOKDOEHULNXW
0DQDVLN+DMLGDQ8PURK 
D PHOHPSDU -XPUDK $TDEDK \DLWX MXPUDK \DQJ SDOLQJ GHNDW
GHQJDQ0DNNDKVHEDQ\DNWXMXKNDOLOHPSDUDQEDWXNHULNLOVHFDUD
EHUXQWXQ VDWX SHUVDWX GDQ EHUWDNELUODK SDGD VHWLDS NDOL
OHPSDUDQ
E 0HQ\HPEHOLK ELQDWDQJ NXUEDQ 0DNDQODK VHEDJLDQ GDJLQJQ\D
GDQ EDJLNDQODK NHSDGD NDXP IDNLU PHQ\HPEHOLK ELQDWDQJ
NXUEDQLQLZDMLEEDJLRUDQJ\DQJPHODNXNDQ+DML7DPDWWX·DWDX
+DML4LUDQ
F &XNXUODKGHQJDQEHUVLKUDPEXWNHSDOD DQGDDWDXSHQGHNNDQODK
'DQ PHQFXNXU EHUVLK OHELK XWDPD GDULSDGD VHNHGDU
PHPHQGHNNDQQ\DEDJLNDXPZDQLWDFXNXSPHPRWRQJVHEDJLDQ
UDPEXWNHSDODQ\DVHSDQMDQJXMXQJMDUL

7LJD KDO WHUVHEXW GL DWDV ²MLND PXQJNLQ GLODNXDQ VHFDUD EHUXUXWDQ
GLPXODL GDUL 0HOHPSDU -XPUDK $TDEDK ODOX 0HQ\HPEHOLK %LQDWDQJ
.XUEDQ NHPXGLDQ PHQFXNXU UDPEXW 7DSL MLND GLODNXNDQ WLGDN
EHUXUXWDQMXJDWLGDNDGDPDVDODK
6HWHODKPHOHPSDUGDQPHQFXNXUUDPEXWDQGDEHUWDKDOOXODZZDO
GDQ SDNDLODK SDNDLDQ ELDVD 3DGD VDDW LQL DQGD GLSHUEROHKNDQ
PHODNXNDQ ODUDQJDQODUDQJDQ LKUDP NHFXDOL PDVDODK ZDQLWD \DLWX
MLPD·GHQJDQLVWHUL
 3HUJLODK NH 0DNNDK GDQ ODNXNDQODK 7KDZDI ,IDGDK 7KDZDI +DML
NHPXGLDQODNXNDQ6D·L+DMLDQWDUD6KDIDGDQ0DUZD
'HQJDQ GHPLNLDQ DQGD WHODK EHUWDKDOOXO WVDQL 3DGD VDDW LQL DQGD
GLSHUEROHKNDQ PHODNXNDQ VHJDOD ODUDQJDQ LKUDP VDPSDL PDVDODK
ZDQLWD
 VHWHODK7KDZDIGDQ6D·LNHPEDOLODKNH0LQDXQWXNEHUPDODPGL0LQD
SDGDPDODPGDQ]XOKLMMDK
 NHPXGLDQ OHPSDUODK NHWLJD MXPUDK SDGD KDUL NHVHEHODV GDQ NHGXD
EHODV =XOKLMMDK VHWHODK PDWDKDUL WHUJHOLQFLU NH EDUDW ED·GD ]DZDO
GLPXODL GDUL -XPUDK 8OD -XPUDK \DQJ WHUMDXK GDUL 0DNNDK ODOX
-XPUDK :XVWKD NHPXGLDQ -XPUDK $TDEDK 6HWLDS -XPUDK GLOHPSDU
GHQJDQ WXMXK NDOL OHPSDUDQ EDWX NHULNLO VHFDUD EHUXUXWDQ GHQJDQ
EHUWDNELUSDGDVHWLDSNDOLOHPSDUDQEDWX6HWHODKPHOHPSDU-XPUDK8OD
EHJLWX MXJD VHWHODK PHOHPSDU -XPUDK :XVWKD EHUGR·D NHSDGD $OODK
VDPELO PHQJKDGDS .LEODW 0HOHPSDU NHWLJD -XPUDK SDGD GXD KDUL LQL
WLGDNVDKMLNDGLODNXNDQVHEHOXPPDWDKDULWHUJHOLQFLUTDEOD]DZDO

 ED¶GD]DZDOWLGDNEHUDUWLKDUXVWHSDWVHWHODK]KXKXUELVDMXJDSDGDVRUHKDULGLPDQDNHUXPXQDQGDQGHVDN
GHVDNDQPDQXVLDVXGDKEHUNXUDQJ
0DQDVLN+DMLGDQ8PURK 
 6HWHODK VHOHVDL PHOHPSDU NHWLJD -XPUDK SDGD KDUL NHGXD EHODV
]XOKLMMDK MLND LQJLQ WHUJHVDJHVD PHQLQJJDONDQ 0LQD PDND
WLQJJDNDQODK0LQDVHEHOXPPDWDKDULWHUEHQDP7HWDSLMLNDLQJLQWHWDS
WLQJDO ²GDQ LWX OHELK XWDPD EHUPDODPODK VHNDOL ODJL GL 0LQD SDGD
PDODPNHWLJDEHODV]XOKLMMDKODOXOHPSDUODKNHWLJD-XPUDKSDGDVLDQJ
KDUL WDQJJDO NHWLJD EHODV WHUVHEXW VHWHODK PDWDKDUL WHUJHOLQFLU ED·GD
]DZDOVHSHUWL\DQJDQGDODNXNDQSDGDWDQJJDONHGXDEHODV
MLND LQJLQ NHPEDOL  SXODQJ NH QHJHUL DQGD ODNXNDQODK 7KDZDI :DGD·
PHQJHOLOLQJL .D·EDK WXMXK NDOL SXWDUDQ PHQMHODQJ SHUMDODQDQ   SXODQJ
DQGD %DJL ZDQLWD \DQJ VHGDQJ KDLG GDQ QLIDV WLGDN PHPSSXQ\DL
NHZDMLEDQWKDZDIZDGD·

=,$5$+0$6-,'1$%$:,
',0$',1$+081$::$5$+

 3HUJLODKNH0DGLQDKVHEHOXPLEDGDKKDMLDWDXVHVXGDKQ\DGHQJDQQLDW
]LDUDK 0DVMLG 1DEDZL GDQ PHODNXNDQ VKDODW GL GDODPQ\D NDUHQD
VKDODWGL0DVMLG1DEDZLOHELKEDLNVHULEXNDOLGDULVKDODWGLWHPSDWODLQ
NHFXDOLGL0DVMLGLO+DUDP
 -LND VXGDK VDPSDL GL 0DVMLG 1DEDZL ODNXNDQODK VKDODW 7DKL\\DWXO
PDVMLGGXDUDNDDWDWDXVKDODWIDUGKXMLNDVXGDKTDPDW
 /DOXSHUJLODKNHNXEXUDQ1DEL²VKDODOOODKXDODLKLZDVDOODPEHUGLULODK
GL GHSDQ NXEXUDQ EHOLDX GDQ VDPSDLNDQODK VDODP GHQJDQ
PHQJXFDSNDQ
†¡Z»î¬÷—úßí¡Ä³
îôß…¡ôÏ þ«¢ïÂ¥
…¡¨gÁ
Süó¡¢ — îôßõÈó¡
´6HPRJDVDODPVHMDKHUDUDKPDWGDQEHUNDK$OODKVHODOXGLOLPSDKNDQ
NHSDGDPX ZDKDL 1DEL 6HPRJD $OODK VHODOX PHOLPSDKNDQ VKDODZDW
GDQPHPEHULNDQSDKDODNHEDLNDQNHSDGDPXµ

/DOXPHODQJNDKODKNHVHEHODKNDQDQVHODQJNDKDWDXGXDODQJNDK
XQWXNEHUGLULGLGHSDQNXEXUDQ$EX%DNDUW GDQVDPSDLNDQODKVDODP
NHSDGDQ\DGHQJDQPHQJXFDSNDQ
†¡Z»¾øp¨÷—úßí¡Ä³
îüß…¡ÓÁþ«¢ïÂ¥
…¡¨gÁ
U …¡ñÇÁ¨èô»Â𥢥—¢ îôßõÈó¡
´6HPRJDVDODPVHMDKWHUDUDKPDWGDQEHUNDK$OODKVHODOXGLOLPSDKNDQ
NHSDGDPX ZDKDL $EX %DNDU .KDOLIDK 5DVXOXOODK 6HPRJJD $OODK
PHPEHULNHULGKDDQGDQSDKDODNHEDLNDQNHSDGDPXµ
0DQDVLN+DMLGDQ8PURK 
.HPXGLDQ PHODQJNDKODK NH VHEHODK NDQDQ ODJL VHODQJNDK DWDX
GXDODQJNDKXQWXNEHUGLULGLGHSDQNXEXUDQ8PDUGDQVDPSDLNDQODK
VDODPNHSDGDQ\DGHQJDQPHQJXFDSNDQ
†¡Z»¾øp¨÷—úßí¡Äººº³
îüß…¡ÓÁþ«¢ïÂ¥
…¡¨gÁ
[ü÷šm¡Z÷—Âøߢ îôßõÈó¡
´6HPRJDVDODPVHMDKWHUUDUDKPDWGDQEHUNDK$OODKVHODOXGLOLPSDKNDQ
NHSDGDPX ZDKDL 8PDU $PLUXO PXNPLQLQ 6HPRJD $OODK PHPEHUL
NHULGKDDQGDQSDKDODNHEDLNDQNHSDGDPXµ
 3HUJLODKNH0DVMLG4XED·GDODPNHDGDDQVXFLGDQODNXNDQODKVKDODWGL
GDODPQ\D
 3HUJLODK NH %DTL· GD ]LDUDKODK NH NXEXUDQ 8VWPDQ W EHUGLULODK GL
GHSDQ NXEXUDQ EHOLDX GDQ VDPSDLNDQODK VDODP NHSDGDQ\D GHQJDQ
PHQJXFDSNDQ
†¡Z»¾øp¨÷— úßí¡Ä³
îüß…¡ÓÁþ«¢ïÂ¥
…¡¨gÁ
[ü÷šm¡Z÷—ù¢ø°ß¢ öðôßõÈó¡
´6HPRJDVDODPVHMDKWHUDUDKPDWGDQEHUNDK$OODKVHODOXGLOLPSDKNDQ
NHSDGDPX ZDKDL 8VWPDQ $PLUXO PXNPLQLQ 6HPRJD $OODK VHODOX
PHPEHULNHULGKDDQGDQSDKDODNHEDLNDQNHSDGDPXµ

-XJD VDPSDLNDQODK VDODP NHSDGD 0XVOLPLQ ODLQQ\D \DQJ

GLNXEXUNDQGL%DTL·
 3HUJLODK NH 8KXG GDQ ]LDUDKODK NH NXEXUDQ +P]DK W GDQ NXEXUDQ
SDUDV\XKDGD·\DQJODLQVHUWDVDPSDLNDQODKVDODPNHSDGDPHUHNDGDQ
EHUGR·DODK NHSDGD $OODK XQWXN VHODOX PHPEHULNDQ DPSXQDQ UDKPDW
GDQNHULGKDDQNHSDGDPHUHND

/$,1/$,1

:DMLE EDJL RUDQJ \DQJ GDODP NHDGDDQ EHULKUDP KDML DWDX XPUDK KDO
KDOEHULNXW
 .RQVLVWHQ PHODNVDQDNDQ VHJDOD \DQJ GLZDMLENDQ ROHK $OODK EHUXSD
V\DUL·DW DJDPD1\D VHSHUWL PHQGLULNDQ VKDODW SDGD ZDNWXQ\D GHQJDQ
EHUMDPDDK
 0HQMDXKNDQ GLUL GDUL VHJDOD \DQJ GLODUDQJ $OODK VHSHUWL UDIDVW
SHUNDWDDQ FDEXO SHUEXDWDQ IDVLN GDQ PDNVL\DW VHEDJDLPDQD ILUPDQ
$OODK
> ²k¡? ñ¡¾³
éÈç
®çÁç ²k¡ú ç ÑÂçúøç@
´0DND EDUDQJVLDSD \DQJ WHODK PHQHWDSNDQ QLDWQ\D GDODP EXODQ LWX
XQWXN PHQJHUMDNDQ KDML PDND WLGDN EROHK UDIDWV EHUEXDW IDVLN GDQ
EHUEDQWDKEDQWDKDQ GL GDODP PDVD PHQJHUMDNDQ KDMLµ $O%DTDUDK

0DQDVLN+DMLGDQ8PURK 
 0HQMDXKNDQ GLUL GDUL SHUEXDWDQ DWDX XFDSDQ \DQJ ELVD PHQ\DNLWL
VHVDPDRUDQJ,VODPGLWHPSDWWHPSDWVXFLPDXSXQGLWHPSDWODLQ
 0HQMDXKNDQGLULGDULVHJDODODUDQJDQLKUDP
D 7LGDN  PHQFDEXW VHVXDWXSXQ GDUL UDPEXW DWDX NXNX $GDSXQ
PHQFDEXW GXUL DWDX VHPLVDOQ\D PDND WLGDN DSDDSD VHNDOLSXQ
NHOXDUGDUDK
E 7LGDNPHPDNDLZDQJLZDQJLDQGLEDGDQSDNDLDQPDNDQDQGDQ
PLQXPDQQ\DVHWHODKEHULKUDP7LGDNSXODPHPDNDLVDEXQ\DQJ
EHUSDUIXP 6HGDQJ ZDQJLZDQJLDQ \DQJ GLSDNDL VHVDDW VHEHOXP
EHULKUDPPDNDKDOLWXWLGDNDSDDSD
F 7LGDN PHPEXQXK ELQDWDQJ EXUXDQ \DLWX ELQDWDQJ GDUDW \DQJ
KDODOGDQSDGDGDVDUQ\DOLDU
G 7LGDN EHUKXEXQJDQ GHQJDQ ZDQLWD NDUHQD QDIVX V\DKZDW EDLN
GHQJDQVHQWXKDQFLXPDQDWDX\DQJODLQDWDX\DQJOHELKGDULLWX
\DLWXEHUVHWXEXK
H 7LGDN PHODNXNDQ DNDG QLNDK XQWXN GLULQ\D VHQGLUL DWDX XQWXN
RUDQJ ODLQ 7LGDN SXOD PHPLQDQJ VHRUDQJ ZDQLWD XQWXN GLULQ\D
VHQGLUL DWDXXQWXNRUDQJODLQ
I 7LGDN PHPDNDL NDRV WDQJDQ .DODX VHNHGDU PHPEDOXW WDQJDQ
GHQJDQVHKHODLNDLQPDNDKDOLWXWLGDNDSDDSD
+DOKDO WHUVHEXW DGDODK ODUDQJDQODUDQJDQ LKUDP \DQJ EHUODNX EDJL
NDXPODNLODNLGDQNDXPSHUHPSXDQ
$GDSXQODUDQJDQLKUDP\DQJ NKXVXVXQWXNNDXPODNLODNLDGDODK
D 7LGDN PHQXWXSL NHSDODQ\D GHQJDQ EDUDQJ \DQJ PHQHPSHO GL
NHSDOD.DODXVHNHGDUPHPD\XQJLNHSDODQ\DGHQJDQSD\XQJDWDS
PRELONHPDKGDQPHPEDZDEDUDQJGLNHSDODQ\DKDOLWXWLGDNDSD
DSD
E 7LGDN PHPDNDL EDMX VXUEDQ WRSL FHODQD GDQ VHSDWX NHFXDOL MLND
PHPDQJ EHQDUEHQDU WLGDN PHQGDSDWNDQ VDQGDO ODOX PHPDNDL
VHSDWX
F 7LGDN PHPDNDL KDOKDO \DQJ VHPDNQD GHQJDQ KDOKDO WHUVHEXW GL
DWDVWLGDNPDPDNDLPDQWHOGDQVHMHQLVQ\DNRSLDKNDRVGDODPGDQ
VHMHQLVQ\D
'LSHUEROHKNDQ EDJL NDXP ODNLODNL XQWXN PHPDNDL VDQGDO FLFLQ
NDFD PDWD DODW EDQWX SHQGHQJDUDQ MDP WDQJDQ DWDX MDP \DQJ
GLNDOXQJNDQGLOHKHUQ\DGDQVDEXNEHVDUXQWXNPHQ\LPSDQEHNDOQ\D
'LSHUEROHKNDQ SXOD XQWXN PHPEHUVLKNDQ GLUL GHQJDQ WLGDN
PHPDNDLZDQJLZDQJLDQMXJDGLSHUEROHKNDQPHQFXFLGDQPHQJJDUXN
NHSDOD GDQ EDGDQQ\D -LND NHPXGLDQ NDUHQD KDO LWX UDPEXW WHUMDWXK
WDQSDGLVHQJDMDPDNDKDOLWXWLGDNDSDDSD
0DQDVLN+DMLGDQ8PURK 
$GDSXQ EDJL NDXP ZDQLWD GLODUDQJ PHPDNDL QLTDE GDQ EXUTX·
VHMHQLV WXWXS PXND 6HVXDL GHQJDQ VXQQDK VHRUDQJ ZDQLWD
KHQGDNQ\DPHPEXNDPXNDQ\DNHFXDOLPHPDQJGLOLKDWRUDQJODNLODNL
\DQJEXNDQPDKUDPQ\DPDNDZDMLEEDJLQ\DXQWXNPHQXWXSPXNDQ\D
GLVDDWLKUDPPDXSXQGLOXDULKUDP
$ODK \DQJ PHPEHUL WDXILT VHPRJD VKDODZDW GDQ VDODP VHODOX
GLOLPSDKNDQNHSDGD1DELNLWD0XKDPPDGNHSDGDNHOXDUJDGDQSDUD
VDKDEDWQ\D

%(%(5$3$.(6$/$+$1
<$1*',/$.8.$12/(+6(%$*,$1-$0$$++$-,

6HJDOD SXML EDJL $OODK 7XKDQ VHPHVWD DODP 6KDODZDW GDQ VDODP
VHPRJDGLOLPSDKNDQNHSDGD1DEL0XKDPPDG1DELWHUDKLUSDUDNHOXDUJD
GDQ VDKDEDW EHOLDX VHUWD NHSDGD RUDQJRUDQJ \DQJ PHQJLNXWL SHWXQMXN
EHOLDXVDPSDLKDULSHPEDODVDQKDULNLDPDW
6HODQMXWQ\D$OODK7D·DODEHUILUPDQ
> ¡Z°ï…¡Âï¿
» ¡ õó¡
…¡¡³Â ù¢ïúm¨üÈ·§Ǘ…¡ñÇÁ? öðóù¢ï¾ìó @
´6HVXQJJXKQ\DWHODKDGDSDGDGLUL5DVXOXOODKLWXVXULWDXODGDQ\DQJ
EDLN EDJLPX \DLWX EDJL RUDQJ \DQJ PHQJKDUDS UDKPDW $OODK GDQ
NHGDWDQJDQKDULNLDPDWGDQGLDEDQ\DNPHQ\HEXW$OODKµ$O$K]DE

> ù
¾¬öðôàóýফ¡
þ«¢øôï
…¢¥ú÷š Àó¡÷¡ Süó¡þóÇÁ
…¢¥¡ü÷–ç@
´0DND EHULPDQODK NDPX NHSDGD $OODK GDQ 5DVXO1\D 1DEL \DQJ
XPPL \DQJ EHULPDQ NHSDGD $OODK GDQ NHSDGD NDOLPDWNDOLPDW1\D
NLWDENLWDE1\D GDQ LNXWLODK 'LD VXSD\D NDPX PHQGDSDW SHWXQMXNµ
$O$·UDI
>ö·ÁÁèã…¡
öð¥û¿öðóÂèä
…¡öð¦¦yHফ¢ç…¡ù¦bö¬üïù›òë@
³.DWDNDQODK-LNDNDPXEHQDUEHQDUPHQFLQWDL$OODKLNXWLODKDNXQLVFD\D
$OODKPHQFLQWDLGDQPHQJDPSXQLGRVDGRVDPX$OODK0DKD3HQJDPSXQODJL
0DKD3HQ\D\DQJ´$OL,PUDQ

>[¦m¡êk¡ôßîû›…¡ôßòï¬ç@
´6HEDE LWX EHUWDZDNNDOODK NHSDGD $OODK VHVXQJJXKQ\D NDPX EHUDGD
GLDWDVNHEHQDUDQ\DQJQ\DWDµ$Q1DPO

>ùçÂЫG˜çñÔó¡› êk¡¾à¥¡¿¢øç@
0DQDVLN+DMLGDQ8PURK 
´0DND WLGDN DGD VHVXGDK NHEHQDUDQ LWX NHFXDOL NHVHVDWDQ 0DND
EDJDLPDQDNDK NDPX ELVD GLSDOLQJNDQ GDUL NHEHQDUDQ LWX"µ <XQXV 


Ê$\DWD\DW WHUVHEXW GL DWDV PHQXQMXNNDQ EDKZD VHJDOD VHVXDWX \DQJ

PHQ\LPSDQJ GDULSHWXQMXN GDQ FDUD1DEL U DGDODK EDWDO VHVDW GDQ GLWRODN
6HEDJDLPDQDVDEGD1DELU 
> ½Á ç ¢ûÂ÷—þôßÆó øßòøßú÷@
´%DUDQJ VLDSD PHODNXNDQ SHUEXDWDQ \DQJ PHQJDGDDGD SDGD XUXVDQ
NDPLPDNDLDGLWRODNµ+DGLVWPXWWDIDTDODLK
6HEDJLDQ RUDQJ ,VODP ²VHPRJD $OODK PHPEHUL SHWXQMXN GDQ WDXILT
NHSDGD PHUHND PHODNXNDQ EHEHUDSD KDO GDODP PDVDODK LEDGDK WLGDN
EHUGDVDUNDQ SDGD .LWDE $OODK $O4XU·DQ GDQ VXQQDK 5DVXOXOODK U
WHUXWDPD GDODP PDVDODK LEDGDK +DML \DQJ VHULQJ NDOL PXQFXO RUDQJRUDQJ
\DQJ EHUDQL GDQ WHUJHVDJHVD PHPEHULNDQ IDWZD WDQSD LOPX SHQJHWDKXDQ
VHKLQJJD NHGXGXNDQ IDWZD PHQMDGL ODGDQJ ELVQLV VHEDJLDQ RUDQJ XQWXN
NHSHQWLQJDQ PDWHUL GDQ SRSXODULWDV VHUWD WHUMDGLODK NHVHVDWDQ GDQ
SHQ\HVDWDQVHSHUWL\DQJWHODKWHUMDGL
6HKDUXVQ\D VHRUDQJ PXVOLP WLGDN GHQJDQ PXGDK GDQ EHUDQL
PHPEHULNDQ IDWZD WDQSD LOPX SHQJHWDKXDQ NDUHQD NHGXGXNDQQ\D KDQ\D
VHEDJDLSHQ\DPSDLDMDUDQGDUL$OODKGDQVHPHVWLQ\DVDDWPHPEHULNDQIDWZD
LQJDWNHSDGDILUPDQ$OODK7D·DODWHQWDQJ1DELQ\DU 
>úij¢·þüß¾·—ú÷öðü÷¢øç[«ó¡ þü÷ ¢üàØìó= [øó¢¥þü÷¢ûÀ» ò
¢ë¡ Òॢüôßñì«ó
@
´6HDQGDLQ\D GLD 0XKDPPDG PHQJDGDDGDNDQ VHEDJLDQ SHUNDWDDQ
DWDV QDPD NDPL QLVFD\DEHQDUEHQDU .DPL SHJDQJ GLD  SDGD WDQJDQ
NDQDQQ\D NHPXGLDQ EHQDUEHQDU .DPL SRWRQJ XUDW WDOL MDQWXQJQ\D
0DND VHNDOLNDOL WDN DGD VHRUDQJSXQ GDUL NDPX \DQJ GDSDW
PHQJKDODQJL.DPLGDULSHPRWRQJDQXUDWWHUVHEXWµ$O+DTTDK

ñĺü C ¢÷…¢¥¡ïÂÌ«ù—
êk¡Zä¥ä¦ó¡
= ¡
úØ¥¢÷
¢ ü÷Â Û ¢÷Ê·¡èó¡:Áõ·¢v›òë@
>ùøôà« ¢÷…¡ôß¡óì«ù—
¢û¢ØôÇþ¥
´.DWDNDQODK7XKDQNXKDQ\DPHQJKDUDPNDQSHUEXDWDQNHMLEDLN\DQJ
WDPSDN DWDXSXQ \DQJ WHUVHPEXQ\L SHUEXDWDQ GRVD PHODQJJDU KDN RUDQJ
WDQSD DODVDQ \DQJ EHQDU PHPSHUVHNXWXNDQ $OODK GHQJDQ VHVXDWX \DQJ
$OODK WLGDN PHQXUXQNDQ KXMMDK XQWXN LWX GDQ PHQJDGDDGDNDQ WHUKDGDS
$OODKDSD\DQJWLGDNNDPXNHWDKXLµ$O$·UDI
0DQDVLN+DMLGDQ8PURK 
'DQNHVDODKDQ\DQJVHULQJGLODNXNDQROHKVHEDJLDQMDPDDKKDMLDGDODK
NDUHQD KDO WHUVHEXW GL DWDV \DLWX DNLEDW IDWZD WDQSD LOPX SHQJHWDKXDQ GDQ
LNXWLNXWDQGLDQWDUDPHUHNDWDQSDGDOLOGDQGDVDU
,QV\DDOODK DNDQ NDPL WHUDQJNDQ ²GHQJDQ SHUWRORQJDQ $OODK 6XQQDK
1DEL U WHQWDQJ PDQDVLN KDML \DQJ VHULQJ GLODNXNDQ VHFDUD VDODK ROHK SDUD
MDPDDKKDMLGHQJDQPHPEHULSDQHNDQDQSDGDNHVDODKDQNHVDODKDQWHUVHEXW
6HPRJD$OODK7D·DODPHPEHULWDXILTNHSDGDNLWDGDQPHPEHULPDQIDDW
GHQJDQ ULVDODK LQL NHSDGD VDXGDUDVDXGDUD NLWD NDXP PXVOLPLQ VHPXDQ\D
6HVXQJXKQ\D$OODK3HPEHUL.DUXQLDGDQ0DKD0XOLD

,+5$0'$1%(%(5$3$.(6$/$+$1<$1*7(5-$',

7HODKWHUVHEXWGDODP+DGLVW6KDKLK%XNKDUL0XVOLPGDQ\DQJODLQODLQ
GDUL ,EQX $EEDV W EDKZD 1DEL WHODK PHQHQWXNDQ PLTDW XQWXN SHQGXGXN
0DGLQDK GL =XO +XODLIDK SHQGXGXN 6\DP GL -XKIDK SHQGXGXN QDMHG GL
4DUQGDQSHQGXGXN<DPDQGL<DODPODP'DQVDEGDEHOLDX\DQJDUWLQ\D
´7HPSDWWHPSDW WHUVHEXW DGDODK PLTDW XQWXN SHQGXGXN PDVLQJ
PDVLQJWHPSDWWHUVHEXWGDQMXJDXQWXNRUDQJRUDQJEXNDQSHQGXGXN
WHPSDW WHUVHEXW \DQJ GDWDQJ NH WHPSDW WHUVHEXW \DQJ LQJLQ
PHQXQDLNDQLEDGDKKDMLGDQXPUDKµ

'DUL$LV\DKUDEDKZD1DELU WHODKPHQHWDSNDQPLTDWSHQGXGXN,UDT
GL=GDWX,UTULZD\DW$EX'DXGGDQ1DVD·,

0LTDWPLTDW \DQJ WHODK GLWHWDSNDQ ROHK 5DVXOXOODK U LQL PHUXSDNDQ

EDWDVDQEDWDVDQ DJDPD \DQJ WHODK GLWHWDSNDQ VHFDUD WDXTLI\ \DQJ
GLZDULVNDQGDUL3HPEXDW6\DUL·DW\DQJWDNVHRUDQJSXQGLEROHKNDQPHUREDK
PHODQJJDUDWDXPHODPSDXLQ\DWDQSDLKUDPEDJL\DQJKHQGDNPHQXQDLNDQ
LEDGDKKDMLDWDXXPUDKNDUHQDKDOLWXEHUDUWLSHODQJJDUDQWHUKDGDSEDWDVDQ
EDWDVDQKXNXPKXNXP$OODKGDQ$OODK7D·DODWHODKEHUILUPDQ
>ùm¢Üó¡öÿî ó
˜ç…¡½
¾·¾à¬ ú÷
@
´'DQ EDUDQJVLDSD PHODQJJDU KXNXPKXNXP $OODK PHUHND LWXODK
RUDQJRUDQJ\DQJ]KDOLPµ$O%DTDUDK

'DQNDUHQD1DEL0XKDPPDGU MXJDWHODKEHUVDEGDGDODPKDGLWV,EQX
8PDUW
>ùÂëú÷¾sòÿ—ò 
¨è¸j¡ú÷õ¢Ìó¡òÿ— ò 
¨èôk¡¿ ú÷¨ü¾m¡òÿ—ò @
´3HQGXGXN 0DGLQDK EHUWDOELDK GDUL =XO +XODLIDK SHQGXGXN 6\DP
EHUWDOELDKGDUL-XKIDKGDQSHQGXGXN1DMHGGDUL4DUQµ
0DQDVLN+DMLGDQ8PURK 
+DGLWV LQL EHQWXNQ\D EHULWD WDSL PHPSXQ\DL PDNQD SHULQWDK
%HUWDOELDKDUWLQ\DEHUVXDUDNHUDVGHQJDQWDOELDKGDQLQLGLODNXNDQVHWHODK
LKUDP 0DND LKUDP GDUL PLTDWPLTDW WHUVHEXW KXNXPQ\D ZDMLE EDJL \DQJ
KHQGDNKDMLGDQXPUDKMLNDPHOHZDWLQ\DDWDXPHOHZDWLWHPSDW\DQJVHMDMDU
GHQJDQQ\DEDLN\DQJGDWDQJPHODOXLGDUDWODXWDWDXXGDUD
-LND GDWDQJ PHODOXL GDUDW KHQGDNQ\D WXUXQ GL PLTDW WHUVHEXW MLND
PHOHZDWLQ\D DWDX WXUXQ GL WHPSDW \DQJ VHMDMDU GHQJDQ PLTDW WHUVHEXW MLND
WLGDN PHOHZDWLQ\D NHPXGLDQ PHODNXNDQ KDOKDO \DQJ KDUXV GL NHUMDNDQ
SDGD VDDW LKUDP VHSHUWL   PDQGL PHPDNDL ZDQJLZDQJLDQ GL EDGDQQ\D
PHPDNDLSDNDLDQLKUDPGDQNHPXGLDQQLDWLKUDPVHEHOXPEHUDQJNDW
-LND PHODOXL ODXW KHQGDNQ\D PDQGL PHPDNDL ZDQJLZDQJLDQ GL
EDGDQQ\D GDQ PHPDNDL SDNDLDQ LKUDP SDGD VDDW NDSDOQ\D EHUKHQWL GL
WHPSDW\DQJVHMDMDUGHQJDQPLTDWODOXQLDWLKUDPVHEHOXPNDSDOEHUDQJNDW
7DSLMLNDNDSDOQ\DWLGDNEHUKHQWLGLWHPSDW\DQJVHMDMDUGHQJDQPLTDWPDND
SHNHUMDDQSHNHUMDDQWHUVHEXWPDQGLPHPDNDLZDQJLZDQJLDQGLEDGDQQ\D
GDQPHPDNDLSDNDLDQLKUDPKHQGDNQ\DGLODNXNDQVHEHOXPNDSDOPHOHZDWL
WHPSDW \DQJ VHMDMDU GHQJDQ PLTDW VHGDQJ QLDW LKUDP EDUX GLODNXNDQ VDDW
NDSDOPHOHZDWLWHPSDWWHUVHEXW
-LNDPHODOXLXGDUDKHQGDNQ\DPDQGLWHUOHELKGDKXOXNHWLNDDNDQQDLN
NDSDO ODOX PHPDNDL ZDQJLZDQJLDQ GL EDGDQQ\D GDQ PHPDNDL    SDNDLDQ
LKUDP VHEHOXP NDSDO PHOHZDWL WHPSDW \DQJ VHMDMDU GHQJDQ PLTDW GDQ EDUX
PHODNXNDQ QLDW LKUDP EHEHUDSD VDDW VHEHOXP NDSDO PHOHZDWL WHPSDW
WHUVHEXW WDQSD KDUXV PHQXQJJX NDSDO PHOHZDWLQ\D NDUHQD NDSDO WHUEDQJ
DNDQ OHZDW GHQJDQ FHSDW WDQSD PHPEHUL NHVHPSDWDQ XQWXN QLDW -LND QLDW
LKUDP GLODNXNDQ VHEHOXP NDSDO PHOHZDWL WHPSDW WHUVHEXW XQWXN VXDWX
NHKDWLKDWLDQPDNDKDOLWXWLGDNDSDDSDNDUHQDWLGDNEHUEDKD\D
.HVDODKDQ \DQJ ELDVD GLODNXNDQ ROHK VHEDJLDQ MDPDDK KDML DGDODK
EDKZD PHUHND WLGDN LKUDP NHWLND NDSDO PHUHND OHZDW GL DWDV PLTDW DWDX
OHZDW GL DWDV WHPSDW \DQJ VHMDMDU GHQJDQ PLTDW GDQ EDUX PHODNVDQDNDQ
LKUDP VDDW VXGDK WXUXQ GL $LUSRUW -HGGDK +DO LQL EHUWHQWDQJDQ GHQJDQ
SHULQWDK1DELU GDQPHODQJJDUKXNXPKXNXP$OODK²VXEKDQDKXZDWD·DOD
'L GDODP 6KDKLK %XNKDUL GDUL $EGXOODK ELQ 8PDU W EHUNDWD  NHWLND
GXD NRWD LQL GL EXND \DNQL EDVKUDKGDQ NXIDK RUDQJRUDQJ GDWDQJ NHSDGD
8PDU W VDPELO EHUNDWD  ´:DKDL $PLUXO PXNPLQLQ VHVXQJXKQ\D 1DEL U
WHODK PHQHQWXNDQ EDWDV PLTDW EDJL SHQGXGXN 1DMHG GDQ 4DUQ WDSL WHPSDW
LWX GL OXDU MDODQ \DQJ NLWD ODOXL GDQ NDODX NLWD LQJLQ GDWDQJ NH WHPSDW
WHUVHEXW VDQJDW VXOLW EDJL NLWDµ 8PDU PHPMDZDE  ´0DND FDULODK WHPSDW
\DQJ VHMDMDU GHQJDQ WHPSDW WHUVHEXW GDUL MDODQ \DQJ NDOLDQ OHZDWLµ 'HQJDQ
GHPLNLDQ $PLUXO PXNPLQLQ VDODK VHRUDQJ NKXODIDXUUDV\LGLQ WHODK
PHQHQWXNDQPLTDWXQWXNRUDQJ\DQJWLGDNPHOHZDWLPLTDWPLTDW\DQJWHODK
0DQDVLN+DMLGDQ8PURK 
GLWHQWXNDQ GL WHPSDW \DQJ VHMDMDU GHQJDQ PLTDWPLTDW WHUVHEXW 0DND
EDUDQJVLDSDPHOHZDWLWHPSDW\DQJVHMDMDUGHQJDQPLTDWGLDWDVXGDUDVDPD
KXNXP\D GHQJDQ RUDQJ \DQJ PHOHZDWL WHPSDW \DQJ VHMDMDU GHQJDQ PLTDW
WHUVHEXWOHZDWGDUDWNHGXDQ\DWLGDNDGDEHGDQ\D
-LND VHVHRUDQJ PHODNXNDQ NHVDODKDQ LQL ODOX WXUXQ GL -HGGDK WDQSD
LKUDPPDNDGLDZDMLENHPEDOLNHPLTDW\DQJGLOHZDWLQ\DGLDWDVXGDUDODOX
PHODNXNDQ LKUDP GDUL WHPSDW WHUVHEXW -LND WLGDN NHPEDOL GDQ KDQ\D
PHODNXNDQ LKUDP GDUL -HGGDK PDND PHQXUXW NHEDQ\DNDQ XODPD ZDMLE
EDJLQ\D PHPED\DU ILG\DK GHQJDQ ELQDWDQJ \DQJ GL VHPEHOLK GL 0DNNDK
GDQ VHOXUXK GDJLQJQ\D GLEDJLNDQ NHSDGD IXTDUD· 0DNNDK WLGDN EROHK
PDNDQ GDULQ\D DWDX PHQJKDGLDKNDQ VHEDJLDQ NHSDGD RUDQJ ND\D NDUHQD
ILG\DKELQDWDQJWHUVHEXWEHUIXQJVLVHEDJDLNDIIDUDKSHQJKDSXVGRVD

7+$:$)
'$1%(%(5$3$.(6$/$+$1),·/,<$+<$1*7(5-$',

7HODKWHUVHEXWGDODPKDGLWVVKDKLKGDUL1DELU EDKZDEHOLDXPHPXODL
WKDZDI GDUL +DMDU $VZDG SDGD UXNXQ <DPDQL VHEHODK WLPXU .D·EDK
PHQJHOLOLQJL VHOXUXK .D·EDK GL OXDU +LMU ,VPD·LO %HOLDX PHODNXNDQ WKDZDI
GHQJDQ UDPO MDODQ FHSDW KDQ\D SDGD WLJD SXWDUDQ  SHUWDPD VDDW WKDZDI TXGXP
WKDDZDI SHUWDPD NDOL VDPSDL GL 0DNNDK 'DODP WKDZDI EHOLDX SHUQDK
PHPHJDQJ +DMDU $VZDG GDQ PHQFLXPQ\D SHUQDK SXOD PHPHJDQJ +DMDU
$VZDGGHQJDQWDQJDQQ\DODOXPHQFLXPWDQJDQQ\DSHUQDKSXODPHPHJDQJ
+DMDU $VZDG GHQJDQ WRQJNDWQ\D NHPXGLDQ PHQFLXP WRQJNDW WHUVHEXW
VHGDQJEHOLDXGLDWDVRQWDQ\D%HOLDXPHODNXNDQWKDZDIGLDWDVRQWDQ\DGDQ
PHPEHUL LV\DUDW SDGD +DMDU DVZDG VHWLDS NDOL PHOHZDWLQ\D -XJD WHODK
WHUVHEXW GDODP KDGLV VKDKLK GDUL EHOLDX EDKZD EHOLDX SHUQDK PHPHJDQJ
5XNXQ<DPDQL
3HUEHGDDQ FDUD PHPHJDQJ +DMDU $VZDG WHUVHEXW GL DWDV GLODNXNDQ ²
ZDODKX D·ODP VHVXDL GHQJDQ NHPXQJNLQDQ GDQ NHPXGDKDQ \DQJ DGD MLND
PXGDK GDQ PXQJNLQ EHOLDX PHPHJDQJQ\D GDQ MLND WLGDN PXQJNLQEHOLDX
WLGDN PHPHJDQJQ\D 'DQ SHNHUMDDQ PHPHJDQJ PHQFLXP GDQ PHPEHUL
LV\DUDW WHUVHEXW KDQ\D PHUXSDNDQ EHQWXN LEDGDK GDQ EXNDQ NH\DNLQDQ
EDKZD +DMDU $VZDG LWX VHQGLUL GDSDW PHPEHUL PDPIDDW DWDX PXGKDUDW
'LVHEXWNDQ GDODP VKDKLK %XNKDUL0XVOLP EDKZD 8PDU W SHUQDK EHUNDWD 
´VHVXQJXKQ\D DNX WDKX SDVWL EDKZD HQJNDX KDQ\D VHNHGDU EDWX ELDVD \DQJ WLGDN
ELVDPHQGDWDQJNDQPDGKDUDWGDQPDQIDDW6HDQGDLQ\DVDMDDNXWLGDNSHUQDKPHOLKDW
1DELU PHQFLXPPXWHQWXDNXWDNDNDQPHQFLXPPXµ

%HEHUDSDNHVDODKDQ\DQELDVDGLODNXNDQVHEDJLDQMDPDDKKDML
0DQDVLN+DMLGDQ8PURK 
 0HPXODL WKDZDI GDUL VHEHOXP +DMDU $VZDG GDQ 5XNXQ <DPDL ,QL
PHUXSDNDQ SHUEXDWDQ \DQJ EHUOHELKOHELKDQ GDODP DJDPD \DQJ
GLODUDQJROHK1DELU3HUEXDWDQLQLGDODPEHEHUDSDVHJLPLULSVHSHUWL
PHPXODL SXDVD 5DPDGKDQVHKDULDWDX GXD KDUL VHEHOXP PDVXN EXODQ
5DPDGKDQ\DQJMHODVMHODVGLODUDQJROHK1DELU
$GDSXQ SHQJDNXDQ VHEDJLDQ MDPDDK KDML EDKZD KDO LWX
GLODNXNDQ VHEDJDL XSD\D NHKDWLKDWLDQ LKWL\DWK PDND KDO LWX WLGDN
ELVD GLWHULPD NDUHQD NHKDWLKDWLDQ \DQJ VHEHQDUQ\D GDQ EHUPDQIDDW
DGDODKPHQJLNXWLV\DUL·DWGDQWLGDNPHQGDKXOXL$OODKGDQ5DVXOQ\D
 0HODNXNDQWKDDZDIGDODPNHDGDQUDPDLGDQEHUGHVDNGHVDNDQKDQ\D
PHQJHOLOLQJL EDQJXQDQ .D·EDK \DQJ EHUVHJL HPSDW VDMD GDQ WLGDN
PHQJHOLOLQJL+LMLU,VPDLOGLPDQDPHUHNDPDVXNGDULSLQWX+LMLU,VPDLO
GDQNHOXDUPHODOXL SLQWXGLVHEHUDQJQ\D+DOLQLPHUXSDNDQNHVDODKDQ
\DQJEHVDUGDPWLGDNVDKWKDZDI\DQJGHPLNLDQNDUHQDEHUDUWLEHOXP
PHQJHOLOLQJLVHOXUXK.D·EDKWDSLEDUXPHQJHOLOLQJLVHEDJLDQVDMD
 7KDZDIGHQJDQUDPOMDODQFHSDWSDGDVHOXUXKSXWDUDQ
 %HUGHVDNGHVDNDQ XQWXN PHQFDSDL +DMDU $VZDG DJDU GDSDW
PHQFLXP\DVHKLQJJDNDGDQJNDGDQJELVDPHQ\HEDENDQVDOLQJEXQXK
VDOLQJ FDFL PDNL GDQ WHUMDGLODK SXNXOPHPXNXO GDQ XFDSDQXFDSDQ
PXQJNDU\DQJWDNOD\DNGLODNXNDQMXJDWDNOD\DNGLODNXNDQGLWHPSDW
\DQJ VXFL LQL 0DVMLGLO +DUDP GL EDZDK OLQGXQJDQ .D·EDK \DQJ
PHPEDWDONDQ WKDZDI EDKNDQ ELVD PHPEDWDONDQ LEDGDK KDML VHFDUD
NHVHOXUXKDQVHEDJDLPDQDILUPDQ$OODK7D·DOD 
>²k¡? ñ¡¾ºº³ 
éÈç
®çÁç ²k¡ú ç ÑÂçúøç©¢÷ôà÷ ˗²k¡@
´0XVLP +DML DGDODK EHEHUDSD EXODQ \DQJ GLPDNOXPL PDND
EDUDQJVLDSD \DQJ PHQHWDSNDQ QLDWQ\D GDODP EXODQEXODQ LWX XQWXN
PHQJHUMDNDQ KDML PDND  WLGDN EROHK UDIDWV EHUEXDW IDVLT GDQ
EHUEDQWDKEDQWDKDQGDODPPHODNVDQDNDQKDMLµ$O%DTDUDK
%HUGHVDNGHVDNDQ LQL ELVD PHQJKLODQJNDQ NHNKXV\X·DQ GDQ
PHOXSDNDQ ]LNLU SDGD $OODK SDGDKDO NHGXDQ\D PHUXSDNDQ WXMXDQ
\DQJSDOLQJDJXQJGDULLEDGDKWKDZDILQL
 NH\DNLQDQ VHEDJLDQ MDPDDK EDKZD +DMDU $VZDG LWX PHPEHULNDQ
PDQIDDW0DNDELVDDQGDOLKDWVHWHODKPHUHNDPHPHJDQJQ\DDGD\DQJ
PHQJXVDSNDQ WDQJDQQ\D NH VHOXUXK DQJJRWD EDGDQQ\D DWDX
PHQJXVDSNDQWDQJDQQ\DNHSDGDDQDNDQDNQ\D\DQJEHUVDPDPHUHND
6HPXDLQLDGDODKVXDWXNHERGRKDQGDQNHVHVDWDQ.DUHQDPDQIDDWGDQ
PDGKDUDW KDQ\D GDUL $OODK 7D·DOD VHPDWD VHEDJLPDQD WHODK GL
VHEXWNDQGDODPXFDSDQ$PLUXO0XNPLQLQ8PDUW 
>î¬ô¦ë¢÷îô¦ì U Sü󡪗ÁH—ó
Þèü«
ÂÔ« ´·îû—öôß H›@
0DQDVLN+DMLGDQ8PURK 
´6HVXQJJXK\DDNXWDKXSDVWLEDKZDHQJNDXKDQ\D VHNHGDUEDWXELDVD
\DQJWLGDNPHQGDWDQJNDQPDGKDUDWGDQPDQIDDW6HDQGDLQ\DVDMDDNX
WLGDNPHOLKDW1DELU PHQFLXPPXWHQWXDNXWDNDNDQPHQFLXPPXµ
 6HEDJLDQ MDPDDK KDML PHPHJDQJ VHOXUXK UXNXQ .D·EDK EDKNDQ
PXQJNLQPHPHJDQJVHOXUXKWHPERN.D·EDKGDQPHQJXVDSQ\D+DOLQL
PHUXSDNDQNHERGRKDQGDQNHVHVDWDQNDUHQDSHNHUMDDQPHPHJDQJLQL
DGDODKVXDWXEHQWXNLEDGDKGDQSHQJDJXQJDQNHSDGD$OODK$]]D:D
-DOOD0DNDGDODPKDOLQLZDMLEPHODNXNDQEHUGDVDUNDQSDGDDSD\DQJ
WHODKGLDMDUNDQROHK5DVXOXOODKU GDQWLGDNPHPHJDQJ.D·EDKNHFXDOL
GXD UXNXQ \DPDQL +DMDU $VZDG \DQJ WHUOHWDN SDGD UXNXQ \DPDQL
WLPXUGDQUXNXQ<DPDQLEDUDW
'LVHEXWNDQGDODP0XVQDG,PDP$KPDGGDUL0XMDKLGGDUL,EQX
$EEDV W EDKZD GLD SHUQDK PHODNXNDQ WKDZDI EHUVDPD 0XDZL\DK W
GDQ0XDZL\DKPHPHJDQJVHOXUXK5XNXQ.D·EDKPDND,EQX$EEDVW
EHUWDQ\D  ´.HQDSD DQGD PHPHJDQJ GXD UXNXQ LQL VHODLQ UXNXQ
\DPDQLSDGDKDO5DVXOXOODKU WLGDNSHUQDKPHPHJDQJQ\Dµ0XDZL\DK
PHQMDZDE´WLGDNDGDVHVXDWXSXQGDUL.D·EDKLQL\DQJKDUXVGLMDXKLµ
.HPXGLDQ ,EQX $EEDV W PHQLPSDOL GHQJDQ PHQ\HEXW ILUPDQ $ODK
VXEKDQDKXZDWDDOD\DQJDUWLQ\D
´6HVXQJJXKQ\DWHODKDGDSDGDGLUL5DVXOXOODKLWXVXULWDXODGDQ\DQJ
EDLNEDJLPXµ
-DZDE0X·DZL\DKHQJNDXEHQDUµ

7+$:$)'$1%(%(5$3$.(6$/$+$1
4$8/,<$+<$1*7(5-$',

7HUVHEXWGDODPKDGLWVVKDKLKGDUL1DELU EDKZDEHOLDXEHUWDNELUVHWLDS
NDOL VDPSDL SDGD +DMDU $VZDG GDQ SDGD DQWDUD UXNXQ <DPDQDL GDQ +DMDU
$VZDGEHOLDXPHPEDFDGR·D
^Á¢ü󡣡Àߢüë
¨üÈ·§Â» ¡ ?
¨üÈ·¢û¾ó¡? ¢ü«•¢ü¥Á`
´<D7XKDQNDPLEHULODKNDPLNHEDLNDQGLGXQLDGDQNHEDLNDQGLDNKLUDWGDQ
MDXKNDQNDPLGDULVLNVDDQDSLQHUDNDµ
'DQEHOLDXEHUVDEGD\DQJDUWLQ\D
´6HVXQJJXKQ\DWKDZDIGL.D·EDKGL6KDIDGDQ0DUZDGDQPHOHPSDU-XPUDK
GLWHWDSNDQXQWXNPHQGLULNDQ]LNLUNHSDGD$OODKµ
.HVDODKDQ \DQJ GLODNXNDQ ROHK VHEDJLDQ MDPDDK KDML GDODP KDO LQL
DGDODK PHQJKXVXVNDQ GR·DGR·D WHUWHQWX SDGD VHWLDS SXWDUDQ GDQ WLGDN
PHPEDFD GR·D \DQJ ODLQ 6HKLQJJD VHULQJ WHUMDGL SHPHQJJDODQ DWDX
SHPRWRQJDQ GR·D PHVNLSXQ WLQJJDO VDWX NDWD NDUHQD VDWX SXWDUDQ WHODK
VHPSXUQD VHEHOXP GR·DQ\D VHOHVDL ODOX EHUSLQGDK NHSDGD EDFDDQ GR·D ODLQ
0DQDVLN+DMLGDQ8PURK 
\DQJ NKXVXV XQWXN SXWDUDQ EHULNXWQ\D %HJLWX MXJD MLND EDFDDQ GR·DQ\D
VHOHVDL VHEHOXP SXWDUDQ KDELV LD KDQ\D GLDP VDMD GDQ WLGDN PHPEDFD DSD
DSD
7LGDN SHUQDK GLVHEXWNDQ GDUL 5DVXOXOODK U EDKZD GDODP WKDZDI DGD
GR·D NKXVXV XQWXN VHWLDS SXWDUDQ 6\HNK ,VODP ,EQX 7DLPL\DK ²
UDKLPDKXOODK SHUQDK PHQJDWDNDQ  ´WLGDNDGDGL GDODPQ\D\DNQLWKDZDI]LNLU
WHUWHQWX GDUL 5DVXOXOODKU EDLN GHQJDQ SHULQWDK XFDSDQ DWDX DMDUDQQ\D %DKNDQ
EHOLDXPHPEDFDGR·DGDODPWKDZDIGHQJDQVHPXDGR·DGR·D\DQJPDV\UX·'DQDSD
\DQJ GLEDFD ROHK NHEDQ\DNDQ RUDQJ EHUXSD GR·D WHUWHQWXGL EDZDK PL]DEGDQ\DQJ
VHUXSDWLGDNPHPSXQ\DLGDVDUGDQDODVDQµ
8QWXN LWX VHRUDQJ \DQJ VHGDQJ WKDZDI KHQGDNQ\D EHUGR·D GHQJDQ
GR·D DSD VDMD \DQJ GLVHQDQJLQ\D GDUL NHEDLNDQ GXQLD GDQ DNKLUDW GDQ
PHQ\HEXW $OODK GHQJDQ ]LNLU]LNLU \DQJ PDV\UX· EHUXSD  WDVELK WDKPLG
WDKOLOWDNELUDWDXPHPEDFD$O4XU·DQ
'LDQWDUD NHVDODKDQ \DQJ GLODNXNDQ VHEDJLDQ MDPDDK DGDODK
PHQJDPELO GR·D GDUL NXPSXODQ GR·DGR·D \DQJ VXGDK WHUEXNXNDQ
NHPXGLDQEHUGR·DGHQJDQGR·DGR·DWHUVHEXWWDQSDWDKXPDNQDQ\DSDGDKDO
GR·DGR·D WHUVHEXW PXQJNLQ VDMD DGD \DQJ VDODK FHWDN DWDX VDODK WXOLV \DQJ
PHQJDNLEDWNDQ PDNQDQ\D EHUWRODN EHODNDQJ VHKLQJJD GR·D WHUVHEXW EXNDQ
XQWXN NHEDLNDQ GLULQ\D WDSL MXVWUX XQWXN NHMHOHNDQ GLULQ\D WDQSD GLVDGDUL
.DPLSHUQDKPHQ\DNVLNDQNHDQHKDQ\DQJXQLNLQL
$QGDLNDWD RUDQJ \DQJ VHGDQJ WKDZDI WHUVHEXW EHUGR·D NHSDGD
7XKDQQ\D GHQJDQ GR·DGR·D \DQJ LD NHKHQGDNL \DQJ LD NHWDKXL GDQ LD
KDUDSNDQPDNVXGGR·DWHUVHEXWWHUODNVDQDWHQWXODELKEDLNGDQWHQWXOHELK
EHUPDQIDDWEDJLQ\DGDQEHUDUWLOHELKPHQJLNXWL5DVXOXOODKU
'LDQWDUNHVDODKDQ\DQJGLODNXNDQROHKVHEDJLDQMDPDDKKDMLDGDODK
WKDZDI EHURPERQJDQ GLEDZDK SLPSLQDQ VHRUDQJ NRPDQGR \DQJ
PHPEDFDNDQ GR·D XQWXN PHUHND GHQJDQ VXDUD NHUDV GDQ GLLNXWL ROHK
URPERQJDQQ\D GDQJDQ VDWX VXDUD VHKLQJD VXDUDVXDUD NHUDV EHUPXQFXODQ
GDQ WHUMDGLODK VXDUD ULEXW RUDQJ ODLQ \DQJ VHGDQJ WKDZDI WHUJDQJJX GDQ
WLGDNWDKXDSD\DQJVHGDQJGLEDFD+DOLQLELVDPHQJKLODQJNDQNHNKXV\X·DQ
GDQPHQJJDQJJXVDXGDUDVDXGDUDNLWDKDPEDKDPED$OODK7D·DODGLWHPSDW
\DQJ DPDQ LQL 3DGDKDO 5DVXOXOODK U SHUQDK PHQGDWDQJL RUDQJRUDQJ \DQJ
VKDODWGDQEHUVXDUDNHUDVGDODPEDFDDQPHUHNDGDQEHOLDXEHUVDEGD
>ù•Âìó¡? Òà¥ôßöðÔॠx ç þ¥Á³¢ü öðôï@
´0DVLQJPDVLQJDQGDVHGDQJEHUPXQDMDWNHSDGD7XKDQQ\DPDNDKHQGDNQ\D
PDVLQJPDVLQJ MDQJDQ VDOLQJ EHUVXDUD NHUDV GDODP EDFDDQ $O4XU·DQµ
5LZD\DW 0DOLN GDODP 0XZDWWD· GDQ ,EQX $EGLO %DUU PHQJDWDNDQ KDGLWV
WHUVHEXWVKDKLK
0DQDVLN+DMLGDQ8PURK 
$ODQJNDK EDLNQ\D MLND VDQJ NRPDQGR NHWLND VDPSDL GL .D·EDK
EHUVDPD URPERQJDQQ\D EHUKHQWL WHUOHELK GDKXOX GDQ PHPLQWD NHSDGD
PHUHNDXQWXNPHODNXNDQLQLGDQLWXGDQEHUGR·DGHQJDQGR·DDSDVDMD\DQJ
PHUHND VXNDL VHKLQJJD GLD GDSDW WKDZDI GHQJDQ PHUHND WDQSD WHUMDGL
NHVDODKDQ GDQ GDSDW WKDZDI GHQJDQ NKXV\X· GDQ WKXPD·QLQDK WHQDQJ
VDPELOEHUGR·DNHSDGD7XKDQPHUHNDGHQJDQSHQXKKDUDSGDQUDVDWDNXW
GHQJDQ GR·DGR·D \DQJ PHUHND VXNDL PHUHND NHWDKXL PDNQDQ\D PHUHND
LQJLQNDQWHUNDEXONDQPDNQDQ\DGDQRUDQJODLQGDSDWWHUVHODPDWNDQ

6+$/$76811$+7+$:$)'$1.(6$/$+$1<$1*
7(5-$',

7HUVHEXWGDODPKDGLWVVKDKLKGDUL5DVXOXOODKU EDKZDVHWHODKVHOHVDDL
WKDZDIEHOLDXPHQXMXNH0DTDP,EUDKLPODOXPHQJXFDSNDQ
>ôÐ÷öÿ¡Â¥›õ¢ì÷ú÷¡
Àc¡
@
´'DQMDGLNDQODKVHEDJLDQ0DTDP,EUDKLPWHPSDWVKDODWµ$O%DTDUDK


.HPXGLDQ EHOLDX VKDODW GXD UDND·DWVHPHQWDUD SRVLVL PDTDP ,EUDKLP

EHUDGDGLDQWDUDEHOLDXGDQ.D·EDK3DGDUDNDDWSHUWDPDPHPEDFDVXUDW$O
)WLKDK GDQ $O.DILUXQ GDQ SDGD UDNDDW NHGXD PHPEDFD VXUDW $O)DWLKDK
GDQ$O,NKODV
.HVDODKDQ \DQJ GLODNXNDQ ROHK VHEDJLDQ MDPDDK KDML GL VLQL DGDODK
DQJDSDQ PHUHND EDKZD VKDODW GXD UDNDDW KDUXV GLODNXNDQ GHNDW GHQJDQ
0DTDP ,EUDKLP VHKLQJJD WHUMDGLODK GHVDNGHVDNDQ PHQ\DNLWL RUDQJ ODLQ
\DQJVHGDQJWKDZDDIGDQPHQJJDQJJXMDODQQ\DWKDZDIPHUHND$QJJDSDQ
VHSHUWL LQL DGDODK DQJJDSDQ \DQJ VDODK NDUHQD VKDODW GXD UDNDDW VHWHODK
WKDZDI VDK GLODNXNDQ GLPDQD VDMD GL 0DVMLGLO +DUDP ELVD GL EHODNDQJ
0DTDP ,EUDKLP VHKLQJJD SRVLVL PDTDP ,EUDKLP WHUOHWDN DQWDUD GLD GDQ
.D·EDKPHVNLSXQDJDNMDXKELVDMXJDVKDODWGLKDODPDQOLQJNDUDQPDVMLG
DWDXELVDSXODGLVHUDPELPDVMLGVHKLQJJDGDSDWWHUKLQGDUGDULDQLD\DRUDQJ
ODLQ WLGDN PHQ\DNLWL RUDQJ ODLQ GDQ WLGDN GLVDNLWL GDQ GDSDWVKDODW GHQJDQ
NKXV\X·VHUWDWHQDQJ
$ODQJNDK EDLNQ\D MLND SDUD SHWXJDV GL 0DVMLGLO +DUDP PHODUDQJ
RUDQJRUDQJ \DQJ PHQ\DNLWL GDQ PHQJJDQJJX RUDQJ \DQJ VHGDQJ WKDZDI
GHQJDQ PHODNXNDQ VKDODW GHNDW GHQJDQ PDTDP WHUVHEXW GDQ PHPEHUL
SHQHUDQJDQ NHSDGD PHUHND EDKZD VKDODW GL GHNDW 0DTDP EXNDQ V\DUDW
VDKQ\DVKDODWGXDUDND·DWVHWHODKWKDZDI
.HVDODKDQ  \DQJ ODLQ EDKZD VHEDJLDQ MDPDDK VHWHODK VHOHVDL
PHODNXNDQ VKDODW GXD UDNDDW EHUGLUL GDQ EHUGR·D EHUVDPDVDPD GHQJDQ
0DQDVLN+DMLGDQ8PURK 
VXDUDNHUDVGLEDZDKSLPSLQDQNRPDQGR PHUHNDVHKLQJDPHQJJDQJXRUDQJ
ODLQ \DQJ VHGDQJ VKDODW GL EHODNDQJ 0DTDP 3DGDKDO $OODK 7D·DOD WHODK
EHUILUPDQ
>ú¾¬àm¡¤y þû›¨è»
¢ßÂÔ«öð¥Á¡ß½¡@
´%HUGR·DODKNHSDGD7XKDQPXGHQJDQEHUHQGDKGLULGDQVXDUDOHPEXW
VHVXQJJXKQ\D $OODK WLGDN PHQ\XNDL RUDQJRUDQJ \DQJ PHODPSDXL
EDWDVµ$O$·UDI

1$,.%8.,76+$)$'$10$5:$'2·$',$7$6
'8$%8.,7%(5/$5,.(&,/ $17$5$'8$7$1'$
'$1.(6$/$+$1<$1*7(5-$',

7HUVHEXW GDODP KDGLWV VKDKLK GDUL 5DVXOXOODK U EDKZD NHWLND

PHQGHNDWLEXNLWVKDIDEHOLDXPHPEDFD
>…¡Ÿ¢àËú÷§
Âm¡
¢èÐó¡ù›@
´6HVXQJXKQ\D 6KDID GDQ 0DUZD DGDODK VHEDJLDQ GDUL V\L·DU $OODKµ
$O%DTDUDK

.HPXGLDQQDLNNHDWDVVDPSDLGDSDWPHOLKDW.D·EDKODOXPHPJKDGDS
.D·EDK PHQJDQJNDW NHGXD WDQJDQQ\D PHPEDFD WDKPLG GDQ EHUGR·D DSD
VDMD\DQJGLLQJLQL0HQJHVDNDQGDQPHPEHVDUNDQ$OODKGDQPHQJXFDSNDQ

ý ¾ß
 Ċs—ý¾·
…¡ › þó› Â¾Ê Šë ǔË OòŒï Šôßÿ
 ¾øk
Š ¡þŠó
î
 ô’ Œm¡þŠóþŠóîÂÊ ËŠ ý ¾·
 …
É ¡M›Ê þóʛ Š
ý¾·
 £¡Ä·È ¡ õÄÿ
ý¾¦ßÂÐû

´7LDGD WXKDQ \DQJ KDT XQWXN GLVHPEDK NHFXDOL $OODK VHPDWD \DQJ WLDGD
VHNXWX EDJL1\D +DQ\D EDJL1\D VHJDOD NHUDMDDQ GDQ KDQ\D EDJL1\D VHJDOD
SXMLGDQ'LD0DKD.XDVDDWDVVHJDODVHVXDWX7LDGD7XKDQ\DQJKDTXQWXN
GLVHPEDK VHODLQ$OODKVHPDWD\DQJPHQHSDWLMDQML1\DGDQPHPHQDQJNDQ
KDPED1\D VHUWD PHQJKDQFXUNDQ JRORQJDQ NDILU GHQJDQ WDQSD GLEDQWX
VLDSDSXQµ

%HUGR·D VHWHODK LWX ODOX PHPEDFD EDFDDQ VHSHUWL GL DWDV WLJD NDOL
.HPXGLDQ WXUXQ VDPELO EHUMDODQ ELDVD 6DDW NHGXD WHODSDN NDNLQ\D
PHQJLQMDN WHQJDK OHPEDK DQWDUD GXD WDQGD KLMDX EHOLDX EHUODUL NHFLO
VDPSDL PHOHZDWLQ\D ODOX EHUMDODQ ELDVD VDPSDL NH EXNLW 0DUZD GDQ
PHODNXNDQVHSHUWL\DQJEHOLDXODNXNDQGLDWDVEXNLW6KDID
.HVDODKDQ \DQJ ELDVD GLODNXNDQ ROHK VHEDJLDQ RUDQJ \DQJ VHGDQJ
PHODNXNDQVD·LGLVLQLDGDODKEDKZDNHWLNDQDLNNHEXNLW6KDIDGDQ0DUZD
0DQDVLN+DMLGDQ8PURK 
PHUHND PHQJKDGDS .D·EDK EHUWDNELU WLJD NDOL GDQ PHQJDQJNDW WDQJDQ
VDPELOPHQJLV\DUDWNDQGHQJDQWDQJDQPHUHNDVHEDJDLPDQDPHUHNDODNXNDQ
GDODP VKDODW NHPXGLDQ WXUXQ GDUL EXNLW +DO LQL EHUWHQWDQJDQ GHQJDQ
VXQQDK 5DVXOXOODK U 8QWXN LWX KHQGDNQ\D PHUHND PHODNXNDQ VHVXDL
GHQJDQ VXQQDK MLND PXQJNLQ DWDX PHQLQJJDONDQ NHVDODKDQ WHUVHEXW GDQ
WLGDN PHJDGDDGD VHVXDWX SHUEXDWDQ \DQJ EHOXP SHUQDK GLODNXNDQ ROHQ
1DELU
.HVDODKDQ \DQJ ODLQ PHUHND EHUODUL NHFLO PXODL GDUL VKDID VDPSDL
0DUZD GDQ GDUL 0DUZD NH 6KDID +DO LQL EHUWHQWDQJDQ GHQJDQ VXQQDK
5DVXOXOODK .DUHQD ODUL NHFLO PHQXUXW VXQQDK KDQ\D GLODNXNDQ SDGD GXD
WDQGD KLMDX VDMD VHGDQJ VLVDQ\D KDQ\D GLODNXNDQ MDODQ ELDVD +DO LQL VHULQJ
WHUMGL PXQJNLQ NDUHQD NHWLGDNPHQJHUWLDQ DWDX NDUHQD WHUJHVDJHVD LQJLQ
VHJHUDVHOHVDLVD·L :DOODKXO0XVWD·DQ

:848)',$5$)$+
'$1.(6$/$+$1<$1*7(5-$',

7HUVHEXWGDODPKDGLVVKDKLKGDUL5DVXOXOODKU EDKZDEHOLDXEHUGLDP
GL 1DPLUDK SDGD KDUL DUDIDK VDPSDL PDWDKDUL WHUJHOLQFLU NHPXGLDQ QDLN
NHQGDUDDQQ\DODOXWXUXQXQWXNVKDODW=KXKXUGDQ$VKDUPDVLQJPDVLQJGXD
UDNDDW GLMDPD· WDTGLP GHQJDQ VDWX D]DQ GDQ GXD TDPDW .HPXGLDQ QDLN
NHQGDUDDQQ\D ODJL VDPSDL NH WHPSDW SHPEHUKHQWLDQQ\D  ZXTXI GDQ
EHUKHQWLODOXEHUNDWD
>æë÷ ¢ ôï¨çÂß
¢ü ÿ ªèë
@
´$NXZXTXIGLVLQLGDQ$UDIDKVHOXUXKQ\DDGDODKWHPSDWZXTXIµ

'DQ EHOLDX WHWDS ZXTXI GL $UDIDK VDPELO PHQJKDGDS TLEODW

PHQJDQJNDW NHGXD WDQJDQQ\D EHU]LNLU GDQ EHUGR·D NHSDGD $OODK VDPSDL
PDWDKDULWHUEHQDPGDQKLODQJEXODWDQQ\DODOXEHUDQJNDWNH0X]GDOLIDK

%HEHUDSDNHVDODKDQ\DQJGLODNXNDQVHEDJLDQMDPDDKKDML
 0HUHND WXUXQ GL OXDU EDWDV GDHUDK $UDIDK GDQ EHUGLDP EHUKHQWL GL
WHPSDW PDVLQJPDVLQJ GL OXDU GDHUDK DUDIDK VDPSDL PDWDKDUL
WHUEHQDPNHPXGLDQPHQXMXNH0X]GDOLIDKWDQSDZXTXIGL$UDIDKLQL
PHUXSDNDQNHVDODKDQ\DQJEHVDUNDUHQDZXTXIGL$UDIDKPHUXSDNDQ
VDODK VDWX UXNXQ +DML \DQJ WDN VDK +DML VHVHRUDQJ WDQSD ZXTXI GL
$UDIDK 0DND EDUDQJ VLDSD WLGDN  ZXTXI GL $UDIDK SDGD VDDW ZXTXI
KDMLQ\DWLGDNVDKVHEDJDLPDQDVDEGD5DVXOXOODKU 
>íÁ½—¾ìç´èó¡Ýô×ò¦ëÞf¨ôó ”¢³ú÷¨çÂß²k¡@
0DQDVLN+DMLGDQ8PURK 
´+DML LWX DGDODK ZXTXI GL $UDIDK %DUDQJ VLDSD GDWDQJ SDGD PDODP
SHUWHPXDQWHUVHEXWVHEHOXPIDMDUEHUDUWLZXTXIQ\DVDKµ

.HVDODKDQ \DQJ IDWDO WHUMDGL NDUHQD PHUHND WHUWLSX ROHK VHEDJLDQ

MDPDDK 6HEDJLDQ MDPDDK DGD \DQJ WXUXQ VHEHOXP VDPSDL GDHUDK
$UDIDK WDQSD PHPSHUKDWLNDQ WDQGDWDQGD EDWDV GDHUDK $UDIDK
VHKLQJD KDML PHUHND WLGDN VDK GDQ RUDQJ ODLQ \DQJ GDWDQJ NHPXGLDQ
WHUWLSXPHQJLNXWLQ\DGDQWLGDNVDKSXODKDMLQ\D
$ODQJNDK EDLNQ\D SDUD SHWXJDV KDML PHPEHUL SHQJXPXPDQ
NHSDGDRUDQJRUDQJGDQJDQFDUD\DQJELVDPHQMDQJNDXPHUHNDVHPXD
GHQJDQ EHUEDJDL EDKDVD VHKLQJD PHUHND GDSDW PHQJHUWL VHFDUD MHODV
PDVDODK PHUHND GDQ GDSDW PHODNVDQDNDQ KDML VHFDUD VHPSXUQD
'HQJDQGHPLNLDQEHEDVODKWDQJJXQJMDZDE
 0HUHND PHQLQJJDONDQ $UDIDK VHEHOXP PDWDKDUL WHUEHQDP 3HUEXDWDQ
LQL DGDODK KDUDP NDUHQD EHUWHQWDQJDQ GHQJDQ VXQQDK 5DVXOXOODK U
\DQJ EHUZXTXI VDPSDL PDWDKDUL WHUEHQDP GDQ KLODQJ EXODWDQQ\D 'L
VDPSLQJ LWX PHQLQJDONDQ $UDIDK VHEHOXP PDWDKDUL WHUEHQDP DGDODK
SHUEXDWDQRUDQJRUDQJMDKLOL\DK
 0HUHND PHQKDGDS NH MDEDO $UDIDK VDDW EHUGR·D VHPHQWDUD .LEODW
EHUDGD GL EHODNDQJ NLUL DWDX NDQDQ PHUHND +DO LQL EHUWHQWDQJDQ
GHQJDQVXQQDK5DVXOXOODKU \DQJEHUGR·DVDPELOPHQJKDGDS.LEODW

0(/(03$5-805$+
'$1.(6$/$+$1<$1*7(5-$',

7HUVHEXW GDODP KDGLWV VKRKLK GDUL 1DEL U EDKZD EHOLDX PHOHPSDU

MXPUDK\DQJWHUMDXKGDUL0DNNDKGHQJDQWXMXKEDWXNHULNLOSDGDSDJLKDUL
UD\DNXUEDQVDPELOEHUWDNELUSDGDVHWLDSOHPSDUDQVDWXNHULNLO6HWLDSNHULNLO
EHVDUQ\D VHSHUWL NHULNLO XQWXN SHOHQWLQJ VHMHQLV NHWHSLO DWDX OHELK EHVDU
VHGLNLW GDUL ELML NDFDQJ KLPVK 'DODP VXQDQ 1DVD·L GDUL KDGLWV )DGKO ELQ
$EEDV W \DQJ EHUERQFHQJDQ GHQJDQ 5DVXOXOODK GDUL 0X]GDOLIDK NH 0LQD
PHQJDWDNDQ  PDND EHOLDX \DNQL 1DEL U WXUXQ GL OHPEDK 0XKDVVLU GDQ
EHUVDEGD
´+HQGDNODKNDOLDQPHQJDPELOEDWXNHULNLONHWDSHO\DQJDNDQGLSDNDLPHOHPSDU
-XPUDKµ
'DQ 1DEL U PHPEHUL LV\DUDW GHQJDQ WDQJDQQ\D VHSHUWL RUDQJ VHGDQJ
PHOHPSDU
'DODP 0XVQDG ,PDP $KPDG GDUL ,EQX $EEDV UD <DK\D EHUNDWD
EDKZD $XI WLGDN MHODV $EGXOODK DWDX DO)DGO PHQJDWDNDQ  5DVXOXOODK U
EHUNDWD SDGDNX SDGD SDJL KDUL OHPSDU MXPUDK $TDEDK VHGDQJ EHOLDX
0DQDVLN+DMLGDQ8PURK 
EHUKHQWL GL DWDV NHQGDUDDQ\D ´ DPELONDQ XQWXNNXµ 0DND DNX DPELONDQ
XQWXN EHOLDX EHEHUDSD EDWX NHULNLO VHEHVDU NHULNLO XQWXN NHWDSHO NHPXGLDQ
EHOLDXPOHWDNNDQQ\DVLWDQJDQQ\DGDQEHUVDEGDGXDNDOLGHQJDQWDQJDQQ\D
´\DVHSHUWLNHULNLONHULNLOWDGLµ .HPXGLDQVDEGDQ\D ù¢ïú÷îôÿ¢vœçôäó¡
ö@
>ú¾ó¡? ôäó¢¥öðô¦ë
´$ZDV MDQJDQ EHUOHELKOHELKDQ .DUHQD VHVXQJJXKQ\D XPPDW VHEHOXP NDPX
KDQFXUNDUHQDEHUOHELKOHELKDQGDODPDJDPDµ

'DUL8PPX6XODLPDQELQ$O$KZDVKUDEHUNDWDDNXSHUQDKPHOLKDW
1DELU PHOHPSDU-XPUDK$TDEDKGDULWHQJDKOHPEDKSDGDKDULUD\DNXUEDQ
GDQEHOLDXEHUVDEGD
>åÀl¡¢Ð·ò°`¢ÿ÷Á¢ç§Âøj¡ö¬÷Á¡¿›¢Ôà¥öðÔà¥ò¬ì  Å¢üó¡¢ — ¢¥@
´+DL PDQXVLD MDQJDQODK VHEDJLDQ NDOLDQ PHPEXQXK VHEDJLDQ \DQJ
ODLQ 'DQ MLND NDOLDQ POHPSDU -XPUDK OHPSDUODK GHQJDQ \DQJ VHPLVDO
GHQJDQNHULNLOXQWXNNHWHSLOµULZD\DW$KPDG

'DODPVKDKLK%XNKDULGDUL,EQX8PDUUDEDKZDLDSHUQDKPHOHPSDU
-XPUDK 6KXJUD VHEDQ\DN WXMXK EDWX NHULNLO GHQJDQ EHUWDNELU  SDGD VHWLDS
OHPSDUDQ NHPXGLDQ PHQXMX NH WDQDK GDWDU ODOX EHUGLUL GDQ PHQJKDGDS
.LEODWEHUGLULODPDGDQEHUGR·DVDPELOPHQJDQJNDWNHGXDWDQJDQQ\D/DOX
PHOHPSDU -XPUDK ZXVWKD GHQJDQ WXMXK EDWX NHULNLO GHQJDQ EHUWDNELU SDGD
VHWLDSOHPSDUDQNHPXGLDQPDMXNHWDQDKGDWDUODOXEHUGLULGDQPHQJKDGDS
NLEODW EHUGLUL ODPD GDQ EHUGR·D VDPELO PHQJDQJNDW NHGXD WDQJDQQ\D
.HPXGLDQ PHOHPSDU -XPUDK $TDEDKGDUL WHQJDK OHPEDK WDQSD EHUGLUL ODJL
XQWXN EHUGRD GL WHPSDW WHUVHEXW WDSL WHUXV SHUJL VHUWD EHUNDWD
´GHPLNLDQODKDNXPHOLKDW1DELU PDODNXNDQQ\Dµ
$KPDG GDQ $EX 'DXG PHULZD\DWNDQ GDUL $LV\DK UD EDKZD 1DEL U
SHUQDKEHUVDEGD
>…¡Â￨÷¢ë Á¢øj¡÷Á
§
Âm¡
¢èÐó¢¥
ª¦ó¢¥å¡Øó¡òà³¢v›@
´6HVXQJJXQQ\D WKDZDI GL %DLWXOODK GL VKDID GDQ 0DUZD VHUWD PHOHPSDU
MXPUDKGLWHWDSNDQXQWXNPHQGLULNDQ]LNLUNHSDGD$OODKµ

%HEHUDSDNHVDODKDQ\DQJGLODNXNDQROHKVHEDJLDQMDPDDKKDMLDGDODK

 .H\DNLQDQPHUHNDEDKZDEDWXNHULNLOKDUXVGLDPELOGDUL0X]GDOLIDK
VHKLQJJD PHPSHUVXOLW PHUHND VHQGLUL GHQJDQ KDUXV PHQFDULQ\D GL
WHQJDK PDODP GDQ PHPEDZDQ\D SDGD KDULKDUL 0LQD 3HUQDK WHUMDGL
VHVHRUDQJ NHKLODQJDQ VDWX EDWX NHULNLOQ\D GDQ VHGLKQ\D EXNDQ
NHSDODQJ 'LD PLQWD WRORQJ NDZDQQ\D XQWXN GDSDW PHPEHULNDQ
NHSDGDQ\D NHULNLO \DQJ GLDPELO GDUL 0X]GDOLIDK 3DGDKDO VXGDK MHODV
0DQDVLN+DMLGDQ8PURK 
KDO LWX WLGDN DGD GDVDUQ\D GDUL 1DEL U GDQ EHOLDX SHUQDK
PHPHULQWDKNDQ,EQX$EEDVUDXQWXNPHQJDPELONDQNHULNLOVHPHQWDUD
EHOOLDXEHUDGDGLDWDV NHQGDUDDQ7DPSDNQ\DZDNWXLWXEHOLDXVHGDQJ
EHUDGDGL-XPUDKGDQNDUHQDVDDWLWXODKZDNWXPHPHUOXNDQQ\DPDND
EHOLDXWLGDNSHUQDKPHPHULQWDKNDQXQWXNPHQJDPELONHULNLOVHEHOXP
GL -XPUDK NDUHQD KDO LWX WLGDN SHUOX GDQ PHUHSRWNDQ GDODP
PHPEDZDQ\D
 .H\DNLQDQ PHUHND EDKZD GHQJDQ PHOHPSDU -XPUDK EHUDUWL
PHOHPSDU VHWDQ 8QWXN LQL PHUHND PHQ\HEXW VHWDQ XQWXN PDVLQJ
PDVLQJ MXPUDK VHKLQJD PHUHNDNDWDNDQ´.DPL WHODKPHOHPSDUVHWDQ
EHVDUGDQVHWDQNHFLODWDXNDPLWHODKPHOHPSDUEDSDNQ\DVHWDQ\DNQL
-XPUDK .XEUD GDQ -XPUDK DTDEDKµ %HJLWXODK PHUHND PHODNXNDQ
EHEHUDSDKDO\DQJWLGDNOD\DNGLODNXNDQGLWHPSDWWHPSDWV\LDULEDGDK
LQL $QGD ELVD PHOLKDW PHUHND PHOHPSDU EDWX NHULNLO GHQJDQ NHUDV
WHULDNDQ FDFL PDNL SDGD VHWDQVHWDQ WHUVHEXW VHEDJDLPDQD DQJJDSDQ
PHUHND .DPL SHUQDK PHQ\DNVLNDQ VHRUDQJ QDLN NH DWDV -XPUDK
GHQJDQ SHQXK NHGRQJNRODQ PHPXNXOQ\D GHQJDQ VDQGDO GDQ EDWX
EDWX EHVDU GHQJDQ NHPDUDKDQ GDQ HPRVL VHPHQWDUD EHEHUDSD EDWX
NHULNLO GDUL RUDQJ ODLQ PHQLPSDQ\D \DQJ PHQ\HEDENDQ VHPDNLQ
PDUDK GDQ GRQJNRO GDODP PHPXNXO -XPUDK GDQ   RUDQJRUDQJ GL
VHNHOLOLQJQ\D WHUWDZD WHUEDKDNEDKDN VHDNDQDNDQ PHQ\DNVLNDQ
SHPDQGDQJDQ VDQGLZDUD \DQJ OXFX +DO LWX SHUQDK NDPL VDNVLNDQ
VHEHOXPMHPEDWDQGDQWLDQJWLDQJMXPUDKGLEDQJXQ
+DOLQLVHPXDWHUMDGLNDUHQDNH\DNLQDQEDKZDPHUHNDPHOHPSDU
VHWDQ\DQJVHEHQDUQ\DWLGDNDGDGDOLO\DQJEHQDU\DQJGDSDWGLMDGLNDQ
GDVDU'DQVHEDJDLPDQDDQGDWHODKNHWDKXLVHEHOXP\DEDKZDKLNPDK
GLV\DUL·DWNDQPHOHPSDUMXPUDKDGDODKXQWXNPHQGLULNDQ]LNLUNHSDGD
$OODK$]]DZDMDOODGDQXQWXNLWXODKPHQJDSD1DELU EHUWDNELUSDGD
VHWLDSOHPSDUDQEDWXNHULNLO
 0HUHND PHOHPSDU GHQJDQ NHULNLONHULNLO EHVDU VHSDWX DWDX VDQGDO
VHSHUWL SDQWRSHO VHSDWX ERRW GDQ ND\X +DO LQL DGDODK VXDWX
NHVDODKDQ\DQJEHVDUGDQEHUWHQWDQJDQGHQJDQDSD\DQJGLV\DUL·DWNDQ
ROHK 1DEL U NHSDGD XPPDWQ\D GHQJDQ SHUEXDWDQ GDQ SHULQWDKQ\D
GLPDQD EHOLDX PHOHPSDU KDQ\D GHQJDQ EDWX NHULNLO VHEHVDU NHULNLO
XQWXN SHOHQWLQJ NHWHSLO GDQ PHPHULQWDKNDQ XPPDWQ\D PHOHPSDU
MXPUDK GHQJDQ NHULNLO VHEHVDU LWX VHUWD PHQJLQJDWNDQ PHUHND XQWXN
WLGDN EHUOHELKOHELKDQ GDODP EHUDJDPD .HVDODKDQ EHVDU LQL WHUMDGL
NDUHQDNH\DNLQDQPHUHNDEDKZDPHUHNDVHGDQJPHOHPSDUVHWDQ
 0HUHND PDMX PHQGHNDWL MXPUDK GHQJDQ SDNVD GDQ NHNHUDVDQ WDQSD
UDVDNKXV\X·NHSDGD$ODKGDQWDQSDUDVDNDVLKVD\DQJNHSDGDVHVDPD
KDPED $OODK \DQJ ODLQ VHKLQJJD GHQJDQ SHUODNXDQ NDVDU WHUVHEXW
0DQDVLN+DMLGDQ8PURK 
WHUMDGLODKSHQJDQLD\DDQGDQJDQJJXDQWHUKDGDSRUDQJODLQGDQWHUMDGL
SXODVDOLQJFDFLPDNLGDQVDOLQJSXNXO+DOLQLGDSDWPHUXEDKVXDVDQD
LEDGDK GDQ WHPSDW LEDGDK LQL PHQMDGL SHPDQGDQJDQ VDOLQJ FDFL GDQ
VDOLQJ EXQXK PHQ\HEDENDQ PHUHND NHOXDU GDUL  WXMXDQ GLV\DUL·DWNDQ
LEDGDKLQLGDQNHOXDUGDULDSD\DQJGLODNXNDQROHKQDELU
'LGDODP0XVQDGGDUL4XGDPDKELQ$EGXOODKELQ$PPDUEHUNDWD
>îó› îó› 
½Â× 
£ÂÓ ”¢¦ Ï ¨ë¢ûôß ¨¦ìàó¡ §Âf÷ ¸üó¡õU Sü󡪗Á@
´$NXPHOLKDW1DELU SDGDKDULUD\DNXUEDQPHOHPSDU-XPUDK$TDEDKGLDWDV
RQWD EORQGH WDQSD  SXNXODQ WDQSD GRURQJDQ WDQSD VLNXW VLQWXQJ WDQSD
ELODQJNDPXPLQJJLUNDPXPLQJJLUµULZD\DW7LUPL]LGDQNDWDQ\DKDGLWV
LQLKDVDQVKDKLK
 0HUHND WLGDN EHUGR·D VHWHODK PHOHPSDU -XPUDK 3HHUWDPD -XPUDK
VKXJKUD GDQ NHGXD -XPUDK ZXVWKD  SDGD KDULKDUL WDV\ULT 3DGDKDO
1DEL U VHWHODK PHOHPSDU NHGXDQ\D EHUGLDP GLUL PHQJKDGDS .LEODW
VDPELO PHQJDQJNDW NHGXD WDQJDQQ\D GDQ EHUGR·D GHQJDQ GR·D \DQJ
SDQMDQJ
2UDQJRUDQJ WLGDN EHUGR·D VHWHODK PHOHPSDU MXPUDK SHUWDPD
GDQ WLGDN SXOD EHUGR·D VHWHODK PHOHPSDU MXPUDK NHGXD PXQJNLQ
NDUHQDNHWLGDNWDKXDQPHUHNDWHQWDQJVXQQDK5DVXOXOODKGDODPKDOLQL
DWDXPXQJNLQNDUHQDLQJLQFHSDW VHOHVDLGDULLEDGDKKDML
$ODQJNDK EDLNQ\D MLND SDUD MDPDDK KDML WHODK EHODMDU WHUOHELK
GDKXOX KXNXPKXNXP \DQJ EHUNHQDDQ GHQJDQ LEDGDK KDML VHEHOXP
PHODNXNDQ KDML DJDU GDSDW EHULEDGDK NHSDGD $OODK GHQJDQ SHQXK
SHQJHWDKXDQ GDQ LOPX VHUWD GDSDW PHQJLNXWL VXQQDK 5DVXOXOODK
2UDQJ \DQJ DNDQ EHSHUJLDQ NH VXDWX QHJDUD VDMD EHUWDQ\DWDQ\D
WHQWDQJ MDODQ \DQJ DNDQ GLOHZDWL VHKLQJJD GDSDW VDPSDL NH QHJDUD
WHUVHEXW GHQJDQ SHQJHWDKXDQ \DQJ FXNXS EDJDLPDQD KDOQ\D GHQJDQ
RUDQJ \DQJ LQJLQ PHOHZDWL MDODQ PHQXMX NHSDGD $OODK VXEKDQDKX
ZDWD·DOD GDQ VXUJD1\D""  WHQWX EDJLQ\D OHELK SHUOX GDQ OHELK KDUXV
EHUWDQ\D WHUOHELK GDKXOX VHEHOXP PHOHZDWL MDODQ WHUVHEXW VHKLQJJD
VDPSDLNHWXMXDQ
 0HUHNDPHOHPSDUVHOXUXKNHULNLOWXMXKEDWXNHULNLOVHNDOLJXVGHQJDQ
VDWXNHSDODQ6HKDUXVQ\DPHUHNDPHOHPSDUEDWXNHULNLOVDWXGHPLVDWX
VHEDJDLPDQD\DQJGLODNXNDQROHK1DELU
 0HUHNDPHQDPEDKEHEHUDSDXFDSDQGR·D\DQJWLGDNSHUQDKGLXFDSNDQ
ROHK1DELU SDGDVDDWPHOHPSDDUVHSHUWLEDFDDQPHUHND
ù¢ØÌô󆢦Ôã
úgÂôó†¢ÓÁ¢ ôೡö ôó¡
´<D $OODK MDGLNDQODK LD VHEDJDL NHULGKDDQ EDJL $OODK GDQ NHPDUDKDQ EDJL
VHWDQµ
0DQDVLN+DMLGDQ8PURK 
%DKNDQ ELVD MDGL PHUHND PHQJXFDSNDQ KDO LWX VDDW PHOHPSDU
-XPUDK WDSL MXVWUX WLGDN PHQJXFDSNDQ WDNELU VHEDJDLPDQD \DQJ
GLXFDSNDQROHK1DELU
<DQJ SDOLQJ XWDPD KHQGDNQ\D FXNXS GHQJDQ PHPEDFD WDNELU
VHEDJDLPDQD \DQJ GLDMDUNDQ ROHK 1DEL U WDQSD GL WDPEDK GDQ
GLNXUDQJL
 0HUHND PHUHPHKNDQ DWDX VHHQDNQ\D PHOHPSDU -XPUDK GHQJDQ
PHZDNLONDQ NHSDGD RUDQJ ODLQ SDGDKDO PHUHND PDPSX
PHODNXNDQQ\DVHQGLUL0HUHNDPHODNXNDQKDOLWXPHZDNLONDQNHSDGD
RUDQJODLQDJDUWHUEHEDVGDULUHSRWQ\DEHUGHVDNGHVDNDQGDQNHVXOLWDQ
PHOHPSDU +DO LQL EHUWHQWDQJDQ GHQJDQ SHULQWDK $OODK 7D·DOD XQWXN
PHQ\HPSXUQDNDQ+DMLVHEDJDLPDQDILUPDQQ\D
^… §Âøàó¡
²k¡¡d—
`
´'DQVHPSXUQDNDQLEDGDKKDMLGDQXPUDKNDUHQD$OODKµ$O%DTDUDK


6HKDUXVQ\D RUDQJ \DQJ PDPSX PHOHPSDU MXPUDK KHQGDNQ\D

PHODNXNDQQ\D VHQGLUL GDQ GDSDW EHUVDEDU WHUKDGDS NHVXOLWDQ GDQ
NHOHWLKDQ NDUHQD LEDGDK KDML PHPDQJ PHUXSDNDQ MLKDG \DQJ
PHQJDQGXQJNHVXOLWDQGDQSHQJRUEDQDQ
8QWXN LWX MDPDDK KHQGDNQ\D EHUWDTZD NHSDGD 7XKDQQ\D GDQ
PHQ\HPSXUQDNDQ LEDGDKQ\D VHEDJDLPDQD WHODK GLSHULQWDKNDQ  ROHK $OODK
NHSDGDQ\D XQWXN PHODNXNDQ LEDGDK WHUVHEXW PDQDNDOD PDPSX
PHODNVDQDNDQQ\D

7+$:$):$'$·
'$1.(6$/$+$1<$1*7(5-$',

7HUVHEXW GDODP KDGLWV VKDKLK %XNKDUL 0XVOLP GDUL ,EQX $EEDV UD
EHUNDWD  ´%HOLDX 1DEL U PHPHULQWDKNDQ RUDQJRUDQJ DJDU VDDWVDDW DNKLU
PHUHNDDGDODKWKDZDIGL.D·EDKKDQ\DEHOLDXPHULQJDQNDQXQWXNZDQLWD
\DQJ VHGDQJ KDLGµ 'DODP ODID]K 0XVOLP GDUL ,EQX $EEDV UD MXJD
PHQJDWDNDQ  RUDQJRUDQJ SHUQDK SHUJL PHQLQJJDONDQ 0DNNDK GLVHJDOD
SHQMXUXPDND1DELU EHUVDEGD\DQJDUWLQ\D
´+HQGDNQ\D WDN VHRUDQJSXQ  SHUJL PHQLQJJDONDQ 0DNNDK NHFXDOL VDDWVDDW
DNKLUQ\DDGDODKGL.D·EDKµ
'LULZD\DWNDQMXJROHK$EX'DXGGHQJDQODID]K
´.HFXDOLVDDWVDDWDNKLUQ\DDGDODKWKDZDIGL.D·EDKµ
0DQDVLN+DMLGDQ8PURK 
'DODP VKDKLK %XNKDUL0XVOLP GDUL 8PPX VDODPDK UD EHUNDWD ´$NX
PHODSRU NHSDGD 1DEL U EDKZD DNX VDNLW 0DND EHOLDX EHUVDEGD
´%HUWKDZDIODK NDPX GL DWDV NHQGDUDDQ GDUL EHODNDQJ RUDQJRUDQJµ
NHPXGLDQ DNX WKDZDI VHPHQWDUD 5DVXOXOODK U VKDODW GL VDPSLQJ .D·EDK
VDPELOPHPEDFDVXUDW$WKWKXUµ
'DODP1DVD·LGDUL8PX6DODPDKUDMXJDEHUNDWD´:DKDL5DVXOXOODK
GHPL$OODKDNXWLGDNNHOXDUWKDZDIZDGD·%HOLDXPHQJDWDNDQ-LNDTRPDW
XQWXN VKDODW WHODK EHUEXQ\L EHUWKDZDIODK NDPX GL DWDV  RQWDPX GDUL
EHODNDQJRUDQJRUDQJµ
'DODP VKDKLK %XNKDUL ² 0XVOLP GDUL $LV\DK UD EDKZD 6KRIL\DK UD
KDLGKVHWHODKWKDZDI,IDGDK1DELU EHUWDQ\DDSDNDKLDPHQDKDQNLWD"0HUHND
PHQXDZDE,DWHODKPHODNXNDQWKRZDI,IDGDK0DND1DELEHUVDEGD´NDODX
EHJLWXELDUNDQLDSHUJLµ
'DODP0XZDWWD·GDUL$EGXOODKELQ8PDUELQNKDWWDEUDEDKZD8PDU
UDEHUNDWD´7DNVHRUDQJSXQGDULMDPDDKKDMLPHQLQJJDONDQKDMLVDPSDLLD
WKDZDI GL .D·EDK NDUDQD LEDGDK \DQJ WHUDKLU GDUL KDML DGDODK WKDZDI GL
.D·EDKµ
'DODP 0XZDWWD· GDUL <DK\D ELQ 6DLG EDKZD 8PDU W SHUQDK
PHQJHPEDOLNDQVHRUDQJGDUL0DUUX]K]KDKUDQ\DQJEHOXPWKDZDIZDGD·GL
.D·EDKXQWXNPHODNXNDQWKDZDIZDGD·

%HEHUDSDNHVDODKDQ\DQJGLODNXNDQROHKVHEDJLDQMDPDDKKDMLDGDODK
 PHUHND WXUXQ GDUL 0LQD SDGD KDUL 1DIDU VHEHOXP PHOHPSDU MXPUDK
XQWXNWKDZDIZDGD·NHPXGLDQNHPEDOLODJLNHPLQDXQWXNPHOHPSDU
MXPUDK ODOX OHQJVXQJ SXODQJ NH QHJDUD PHUHND GDUL VLWX ,QL WLGDN
EROHKNDUHQDEHUWHQWDQJDQGHQJDQSHULQWDK1DELU EDKZDVDDWWHUDKLU
SDUD MDPDDK KDML DGDODK GL .D·EDK 2UDQJ \DQJ PHOHPSDU MXPUDK
VHWHODKWKDZDIZDGD·EHUDUWLWHODKPHQMDGLNDQVDDWVDDWDKLUQ\DDGDODK
GL-XPUDKGDQWLGDNGL.D·EDK1DELU VHQGLULMXJDWLGDNSHUQDKWKDZDI
ZDGD· NHFXDOL NHWLND DNDQ PHQLQJJDONDQ 0DNNDK VHWHODK VHOXUXK
LEDGDK+DMLEHOLDXVHOHVDL%HOLDXMXJDEHUVDEGD
>öððÇ¢ü÷Yß¡
À»@
´$PELOODKGDULNXWDWDFDUDLEDGDKKDMLNDOLDQµ

+DGLWVKDGLWV 8PDU ELQ .KDWWDE UD FXNXS MHODV GDQ WHJDV EDKZD
WKDZDI ZDGD GL .D·EDK DGDODK DKLU SHODNVDQDDQ LEDGDK KDML 0DND
EDUDQJVLDSD WKDZDZI ZDGD· NHPXGLDQ PHOHPSDU MXPUDK VHWHODK LWX
WKDZDIQ\D WLGDN VDK GDQ ZDMLE PHQJXODQJL WKDZDIQ\D VHWHODK
0DQDVLN+DMLGDQ8PURK 
PHOHPSDU MLND WLGDN KXNXPQ\D VHSHUWL RUDQJ \DQJ PHQLQJJDONDQ
WKDZDIZDGD·
 0HUHND WHWDSEHUDGD GL 0DNNDK VHWHODK WKDZDI ZDGD·VHKLQJJD VDDW
VDDW DKLUQ\D WLGDN GL .D·EDK +DO LQL EHUWHQWDQJDQ GHQJDQ DSD \DQJ
GLSHULQWDKNDQGDQGLWHUDQJNDQROHK1DELU NHSDGDXPPDWQ\DGHQJDQ
SHUEXDWDQQ\D1DELU WHODKPHPHULQWDKNDQDJDUVDDWVDDWDKLUMDPDDK
KDML DGDODK GL .D·EDK GDQ EHOLDX VHQGLUL WLGDN WKDZDI ZDGD· NHFXDOL
NHWLND DNDQ PHQLQJJDONDQ 0DNNDK EHJLWX MXJD SDUD VDKDEDW EHOLDX
PHODNXNDQ +DQ\D SDUD XODPD· PHPEHULNDQ NHULQJDQDQ
PHPEROHKNDQXQWXN WHWDSEHUGLDPGL 0DNNDKVHWHODKWKDZDIZDGD·
NHSDGD RUDQJ \DQJ PHPDQJ EHQDUEHQDU PHPSXQ\DL NHSHQWLQJDQ
\DQJ EHVDU VHSHUWL KDUXV VKDODW WHUOHELK GDKXOX NDUHQD TDPDW XQWXN
VKDODWWHODKEHUEXQ\LGDWDQJMHQD]DKGDQKDUXVLNXWPHQVKDODWNDQQ\D
DWDX DGD NHSHUOXDQ \DQJ EHUNHQDDQ GHQJDQ SHUMDODQDQQ\D VHSHUWL
PHPEHOLEDUDQJPHQXQJJXWHPDQGDQODLQVHEDJDLQ\D
$GDSXQ MLND EHUGLDP GL 0DNNDK VHWHODK WKDZDI ZDGD· WDQSD
DODVDQDODVDQ \DQJ GLSHUEROHKNDQ PDND ZDMLE EDJLQ\D PHQJXODQJL
WKDZDIZDGD·Q\DNHPEDOL
 0HUHND NHOXDU GDUL PDVMLG VHWHODK WKDZDI ZDGD· GHQJDQ EHUMDODQ
PXQGXUGHQJDQDQJJDSDQKDOLWXPHUXSDNDQSHQJKRUPDWDQWHUKDGDS
.D·EDK +DO LQL EHUWHQWDQJDQ GHQJDQ VXQQDK EDKNDQ WHUPDVXN
SHUEXDWDQ ELG·DK \DQJ GLSHULQJDWNDQ ROHK 5DVXOXOODK U GDQ VDEGD
EHOLDX
>¨óÓ ¨ß¾¥òï@
´VHWLDSELG·DKDGDODKVHVDWµ
%LG·DKDGDODKKDOEDUX\DQJGLDGDDGDNDQEHUXSDDNLGDKDWDXLEDGDK
\DQJ EHUWHQWDQJDQ GHQJDQ \DQJ DGD SDGD PDVD 5DVXOXOODK U GDQ
NKXODIDXU5DV\LGLQ
$SDNDK RUDQJ \DQJ PHQLQJJDONDQ .D·EDK GHQJDQ EHUMDODQ
PXQGXUXQWXNPHQJKRUPDWL.D·EDK²VHEDJDLPDQDDQJJDSDQPHUHND
OHELK PHQJKRUPDWL .D·EDK GDULSDGD 5DVXOXOODK U GDQ SDUD .KXODIDXU
5DV\LGLQ" $WDX PHQJDQJJDS EDKZD 1DEL U EHJLWX MXJD .KXODIDXU
5DV\LGLQ EHOXP WDKX EDKZD KDO LWX EHUMDODQ PXQGXU PHUXSDNDQ
SHJKRUPDWDQWHUKDGDS.D·EDK"
 0HUHNDPHQROHKNH.D·EDKVDDWVDPSDLGLSLQWXPDVMLGVHWHODKVHOHVDL
WKDZDI ZDGD GDQ EHUGR·D GL VDQD VHSHUWL VHGDQJ PHQJXFDSNDQ
VHODPDW WLQJJDO GDQ VHODPDW EHUSLVDK NHSDGD .D·EDK +DO LQL MXJD
WHUPDVXN ELG·DK NDUHQD EHOXP SHUQDK WHUVHEXW GDODP KDGLWV VKDKLK
GDUL 1DEL U PDXSXQ GDUL .KXODIDXU UDV\LGLQ 'DQ VHWLDS KDO \DQJ
GLPDNVXGNDQ VHEDJDL LEDGDK NHSDGD $OODK 7D·DOD \DQJ WLGDN SHUQDK
0DQDVLN+DMLGDQ8PURK 
GLDMDUNDQROHKV\DUD·DGDODKEDWDOGDQGLWRODNVHEDJDLPDQDVDEGD1DEL
U
>½Á ç þü÷Æó ¢÷¡Àÿ¢ûÂ÷—? ­¾·—ú÷@
´%DUDQJVLDSDPHQJDGDDGDNDQGDODPXUXVDQNDPLDMDUDQNDPLWDQSD
GDVDUGDULQ\DPDNDLDGLWRODNµ

6HKDUXVQ\DEDJLRUDQJ\DQJEHULPDQNHSDGD$OODKGDQ5DVXOQ\D
PHQJLNXWL DSD \DQJ GDWDQJ GDUL 5DVXOXOODK U GDODP LEDGDKQ\D DJDU
GHQJDQ GHPLNLDQ PHQGDSDWNDQ NHFLQWDDQ GDQ DPSXQDQ GDUL $OODK
VHEDJDLPDQDILUPDQ1\D
>öð¥û¿öðóÂèä
…¡öð¦¦yHফ¢ç…¡ù¦bö¬üïù›òë@
´.DWDNDQODK -LND NDPX EHQDUEHQDU PHQFLQWDL $OODK PDND LNXWLODK
DNX QLVFD\D $OODK PHQFLQWDL NDPX GDQ PHQJDPSXQL GRVDGRVDPX
$OODK0DKD3HQJDPSXQODJL0DKDKD3HQ\D\DQJµ$OL,PUDQ

0HQJLNXWL 1DEL U GDODP DSD \DQJ GLNHUMDNDQ EHUDUWL MXJD

PHQJLNXWL GDODP DSD \DQJ GLWLQJJDONDQ\D 0DND PDQDNDOD DGD
VHVXDWX \DQJ SHUOX GLNHUMDNDQ SDGD PDVD 1DEL SDGDKDO EHOLDX WLGDN
PHQJHUMDNDQQ\D EHUDUWL EXNWL EDKZD VXQQDK GDQ V\DULDW PHPDQJ
PHQLQJJDONDQQ\D GDQ WLGDN EROHK GLNHUMDNDQ GDQ WLGDN EROHK GLDGD
DGDNDQ GDODP DJDPD $OODK PHVNL KDO WHUVHEXW GLVHQDQJL ROHK RUDQJ
GDQKDZDQDIVXQ\D$OODK7D·DODEHUILUPDQ
öÿÂï¿ úß ö ç öÿÂïÀ¥ öÿ¢ü«— ò¥ ú ç ú÷
ÑÁ¡
©¡
¢øÈó¡ ©¾Èèó öÿ”¡ÿ— êk¡ Þ¦«¡ ó
`
^ùÓÂà÷
´$QGDLNDWDNHEHQDUDQLWXPHQJLNXWLKDZDQDIVXPHUHNDSDVWLELQDVDODKODQJLW
GDQ EXPL GDQ VHPXD \DQJ DGD GL GDODPQ\D 6HEHQDUQ\D NDPL WHODK
PHQGDWDQJNDQNHSDGDPHUHNDNHEDQJJDDQPHUHNDWHWDSLPHUHNDEHUSDOLQJGDUL
NHEDQJJDDQLWXµ$O0X·PLQXQ

1DELU EHUVDEGD
>þ¥ª ³¢m¢à¦«ý¡ÿ ùð U·öï¾·—ú÷š @
´WLGDNEHULPDQVHVHRUDQJGLDQWDUDNDPXVHKLQJJDKDZDQDIVXQ\DPHQJLNXWL
DSD\DQJWHODKVD\DEDZDµ

.LWD EHUGR·D NHSDGD $OODK VXEKDQDKX ZDWD·DOD VHPRJD PHQXQMXNNDQ

NLWD SDGD MDODQ1\D \DQJ OXUXV WLGDN PHQMDGLNDQ NLWD FRQGRQJ SDGD
NHVHVDWDQVHWHODKPHPEHULNLWDSHWXQMXNGDQVHPRJDPHOLPSDKNDQNHSDGD
NLWD UDKPDW GDQ NDVLK VD\DQJ1\D 6HVXQJXKQ\D $OODK 0DKD 3HPEHUL
.DUXQLD
0DQDVLN+DMLGDQ8PURK 
6HJDOD SXML EDJL $OODK 7XKDQ VHPHVWD DODP VKDODZDW GDQ VDODP
VHPRJDGLOLPSDKNDQNHSDGD1DELNLWD0XKDPPDGSDUDNHOXDUJDGDQSDUD
VDKDEDWEHOLDX

,VL%XNX

%DJDLPDQD VHRUDQJ PXVOLP PHODNXNDQ PDQDVLN KDML GDQ XPURK

«««««««««««
8PURK««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««
0DQDVLN+DMLGDQ8PURK 
+DML«««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««
=LDURK0DVMLG1DEDZL«««««««««««««««««««««««
%HEHUDSD NHVDODKDQ \DQJ GLODNXNDQ ROHK MDP·DK KDML
«««««««««««
,KURP GDQ EHEHUDSD NHVDODKDQ \DQJ WHUMDGL
««««««««««««««
7KRZDI GDQ EHEHUDSD NHVDODKDQ )L·OL\DK \DQJ
WHUMDGL««««««««««
6KRODW 6XQQDK 7KRZDI GDQ NHVDODKDQ \DQJ
WHUMDGL««««««««««««
6D·, GDQ NHVDODKDQ \DQJ
WHUMDGL««««««««««««««««««««
:XNXI GL $URIDK GDQ .HVDODKDQ \DQJ
WHUMDGL««««««««««««««
0HOHPSDU -XPURK GDQ NHVDODKDQ \DQJ
WHUMDGL«««««««««««««
7KRZDI :DGD· GDQ NHVDODKDQ \DQJ
WHUMDGL«««««««««««««««