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When the gas is compressed rapidly by the piston its temperature rises because the molecules of
the gas
1
3. The specific heat capacity c of a solid block of mass m is determined by heating the block and
measuring its temperature. The graph below shows the variation of the temperature T of the
block with the thermal energy Q transferred to the block.
c
.
A. m
m
.
B. c
C. mc.
1
.
D. mc
(1)
When the gas is compressed rapidly by the piston its temperature rises because the molecules of
the gas
6. An ideal gas is contained in a cylinder by a piston. The volume of the gas is decreased by
moving the piston rapidly in the direction shown.
p i s t o n m o v e d
g a s r a p i d l y i n t h i s
d i r e c t i o n
The average speed of the gas molecules is initially increased because the molecules
B. make more collisions in unit time with the cylinder walls and piston.
C. have energy transferred to them as they collide with the moving piston.
7. Which of the following correctly describes the changes in the kinetic energy of the molecules
and the potential energy of the molecules as a liquid changes phase to a gas?
A. no change increases
B. no change no change
C. increases increases
D. increases no change
(1)
3
8. The specific heat capacity of an object is defined as the thermal energy required to raise the
temperature of
9. The length of the mercury column in a thermometer is L100 at 100°C and L0 at 0°C.
Which of the following gives the temperature when the length of the mercury column is LT?
LT
×100°C
A.
L100
LT
×100°C
B.
( L100 − L0 )
( L100 − LT )
×100°C
C.
( L100 − L0 )
( LT − L0 )
×100°C
D.
( L100 − L0 )
(1)
10. A metal block of mass M is heated. The graph shows the variation with thermal energy H
supplied to the block of its temperature rise θ .
0
0 H
The gradient of the straight-line graph is n. The specific heat capacity of the metal is
1 .
A. Mn
1.
B. n
C. Mn.
D. n.
(1)
5
11. A metal can containing water is heated using a heating coil as shown below.
m e t a l c a n
w a t e r
h e a t i n g c o i l
The water is boiling at a constant rate. The mass of water boiled away per unit time is M1 for a
heater power P1. When the heater power is increased to P2, the mass boiled away per unit time
is M2. Heat losses to the atmosphere are not negligible.
Which of the following expressions gives the specific latent heat of vaporization of the water?
( P2 − P1 )
A.
( M 2 + M1 )
( P2 − P1 )
B.
( M 2 − M1 )
P2
C.
M2
P1
D.
M1
(1)
12. When the volume of a fixed mass of an ideal gas is reduced at constant temperature, the
pressure of the gas increases.
C. are spending more time in contact with the walls of the containing vessel.
13. The molar mass of water is 18 g. The approximate number of water molecules in a glass of
water is
22
A. 10 .
25
B. 10 .
28
C. 10 .
31
D. 10 .
(1)
14. Two bodies are brought into thermal contact with each other. No thermal energy transfer takes
place between the bodies. It may be deduced therefore, that the bodies must have the same
B. heat capacity.
C. temperature.
D. internal energy.
(1)
7
15. A liquid is heated in a well-insulated container. The power input to the liquid and its specific
heat capacity are known.
Which of the following quantities must be known in order to calculate the rate at which the
temperature increases?
16. A solid is at an initial temperature of 500 K. The solid is heated so that its temperature rises by
50 K.
What are the initial temperature and the temperature rise of the solid, as measured on the
Celsius scale of temperature?
A. 227°C 50°C
B. 227°C 323°C
C. 773°C 50°C
D. 773°C 323°C
(1)
17. A copper block and a steel block each have the same mass. The copper block is at a higher
temperature than the steel block.
The blocks are placed in thermal contact and they then reach thermal equlibrium. There is no
energy exchange with the surroundings.
How do the magnitude of the change in temperature ∆T and the magnitude of the change in
internal energy ∆U of the two blocks compare?
∆T ∆U
A. same same
B. same different
C. different same
D. different different
(1)
18. The specific latent heat of fusion of a substance is the quantity of thermal energy required to
convert, at constant temperature,
A. a solid to a liquid.
C. a liquid to a solid.
9
19. A sample of an ideal gas is contained in a cylinder. The volume of the gas is suddenly
decreased. A student makes the following statements to explain the change in pressure of the
gas.
II. The atoms of the gas hit the walls of the cylinder more frequently.
III. There are more atoms that are able to collide with the walls of the cylinder.
A. I and II only
D. I, II and III
(1)
20. Which of the following will not affect the rate of evaporation of a liquid?
21. Gas leaks slowly out of a cylinder of constant volume. The temperature of the gas in the
cylinder does not change. Which of the following is constant for the gas molecules in the
cylinder?
1
A. 10
1
B. 9
C. 9
D. 10
(1)
23. Thermal energy is transferred through the glass windows of a house mainly by
A. conduction.
B. radiation.
24. The specific latent heat of vaporization of a substance is the quantity of energy required to
D. convert a unit mass of liquid to vapour at a temperature of 100°C and a pressure of one
atmosphere.
(1)
25. When a gas in a cylinder is compressed at constant temperature by a piston, the pressure of the
gas increases. Consider the following three statements.
11
I. The rate at which the molecules collide with the piston increases.
A. I only
B. II only
C. I and II only
26. Two different objects are in thermal contact with one another. The objects are at different
temperatures. The temperatures of the two objects determine
A
t h e r m o m e t e r
h e a t e r
m e t a l b l o c k
The specific heat capacity of a metal block of mass m is determined by placing a heating coil in
its centre, as shown in the diagram above.
The block is heated for time t and the maximum temperature change recorded is
Δθ. The ammeter and voltmeter readings during the heating are I and V respectively.
The specific heat capacity is best calculated using which one of the following expressions?
VIt
A. c = m∆θ
VI
B. c = m∆θ
m∆ θ
C. c = VI
m∆θ
D. c = VIt
(1)
13
28.
A
t h e r m o m e t e r
h e a t e r
m e t a l b l o c k
The specific heat capacity of a metal block of mass m is determined by placing a heating coil in
its centre, as shown in the diagram above.
The block is heated for time t and the maximum temperature change recorded is Δθ. The
ammeter and voltmeter readings during the heating are I and V respectively.
C. Some thermal energy is lost from the variable resistor in the circuit.
D. The block is heated at its centre, rather than throughout its whole volume.
(1)
29. A container holds 20 g of neon (mass number 20) and also 8 g of helium (mass number 4).
A. 0.4
B. 0.5
C. 2.0
D. 2.5
(1)
30. The kelvin temperature of an object is a measure of
31. The specific latent heat of fusion of a substance is defined as the amount of thermal energy
required to change the phase of
32. The distance between the 0°C and 100°C marks on a mercury-in-glass thermometer is 20 cm.
When the thermometer bulb is placed in a mixture of ice and salt, the mercury level is 4 cm
below the 0°C mark. The temperature of the mixture is
A. +20°C.
B. +5°C.
C. –5°C.
D. –20°C.
(1)
15
33. Some liquid is contained in a shallow dish that is open to the atmosphere. The rate of
evaporation of the liquid does not depend on
34. The temperature of an ideal gas is reduced. Which one of the following statements is true?
A. The molecules collide with the walls of the container less frequently.
C. The time of contact between the molecules and the wall is reduced.
35. A temperature scale is to be constructed using the property X of a substance. Which of the
following must be a characteristic of the property X?
D. The value of the property must vary linearly with kelvin temperature.
(1)
36. Which of the following is not an assumption on which the kinetic model of an ideal gas is
based?
37. As part of an experiment to determine the latent heat of vaporisation of water, a student boils
some water in a beaker using an electric heater as shown below.
b e a k e r
h e a t e r
w a t e r
17
Which of the following gives the correct effect of these two errors on the calculated value for
the specific latent heat?
Error 1 Error 2
Decrease
A. Increase
No change
B. Increase
Increase
C. Decrease
No change
D. Decrease
(1)
38. Three bodies X, Y and Z are at temperatures θX, θY and θZ respectively. Thermal energy passes
freely from Y to X and also from Z to X, as illustrated below.
X
X
Z
Z
Y
Y
The direction of flow of thermal energy, if any, between Y and Z is unknown. What can be
deduced about the temperatures θX, θY and θZ?
A. θX = (θY +θZ)
B. θY = θZ
C. θY > θX
D. θX > θZ
(1)
39. During an experiment, a solid is heated from 285 K to 298 K.
Which one of the following gives the rise in temperature, in deg C, and the final temperature,
in °C, of the solid?
571
A. 13
25
B. 13
571
C. 286
25
D. 286
(1)
Which one of the following contains three factors that affect rate of evaporation of the liquid?
19
42. The specific latent heat of vaporization of a substance is defined as the amount of thermal
energy required to
C. the direction of thermal energy transfer between two bodies in thermal contact.
X Y
W
= 0 t
In which region or regions of the graph must there be more than one phase of the substance
present?
A. WX and YZ
B. WX only
C. WX, XY and YZ
D. XY only
(1)
21
45. Two ideal gases X and Y, are contained in a cylinder at constant temperature. The mass of the
atoms of X is m and of Y is 4m.
A. 1
B. 2
C. 4
D. 16
(1)
∆ Q=∆ U+∆ W
In an adiabatic compression of an ideal gas, which one of the following is true in respect of
∆ Q, ∆ U and ∆ W?
∆ Q ∆ U ∆ W
48. The specific heat capacity c of a solid block of mass m is determined by heating the block and
measuring its temperature. The graph below shows the variation of the temperature T of the
block with the thermal energy Q transferred to the block.
0 Q
c
.
A. m
m
.
B. c
C. mc.
1
.
D. mc
(1)
23
49. Which of the following correctly shows the changes, if any, in the potential energy and in the
kinetic energy of the molecules of a solid as it melts?
A. Decreases Increases
B. Increases Stays the same
(1)
50. A lump of metal is initially at a temperature of 100°C. The metal is heated so that its
temperature rises by θ degrees, as measured on the Celsius scale. The rise in temperature, as
measured on the Kelvin scale is
A. θ − 273.
B. θ .
C. θ + 273.
D. θ + 373.
(1)
51. A large mass M of ice of specific latent heat L is at its melting point (0°C). A small mass m of
water at θ °C is poured on to the block of ice. The specific heat capacity of water is S. Which
one of the following is a correct expression for the mass of ice melted?
mL
A. Sθ
mSθ
B. L
MSθ
C. L
MS
D. Sθ
(1)
7
52. The nuclear notation for lithium-7 is 3
Li . Which one of the following is the mass of 1 mol of
lithium-7?
A. 10 g
B. 7g
C. 4g
D. 3g
(1)
A. the thermal energy required to increase the body’s temperature by one degree.
B. the maximum thermal energy that must be supplied to melt the solid.
25
54. A fixed quantity of an ideal gas is compressed at constant temperature. The best explanation for
the increase in pressure is that the molecules
55. A string is held horizontally with one end attached to a fixed support. Two pulses are created at
the free end of the string. The pulses are moving towards the fixed support as shown in the
diagram below.
f i x e d s u p p o r t
s t r i n g
Which one of the following diagrams is a possible subsequent picture of the string?
A . B .
C . D .
(1)
56. Which one of the following correctly describes the changes, if any, of the kinetic energy and the
potential energy of the molecules of a liquid as it is boiling?
A. increases increases
57. Two objects X and Y are made of the same material. Object X is more massive than object Y.
Both objects are at the same temperature.
Which of the following correctly compares the average kinetic energy and also the total energy
of the molecules in the objects?
(1)
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