Due Date: 13 August 2010 1011fyp HK02 FYP1 proposal

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SABAH

FINAL YEAR PROJECT PROPOSAL

SESSION 2010/2011
HK20 ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Name:
Matric No.: Course: HK02
Telephone: E-mail:
Supervisor: Kenneth Teo Tze Kin Co- -
Supervisor:
Optimization of Traffic Signal System Using Genetic Algorithms Fuzzy
Project Title:
Logic Based Controller
1. Area:
Logistic and Control

2. Background:
2.1 Introduction
A non effective traffic signal system causes vehicles to slow down and accelerating frequently which lead to
more fuels consumed compared to vehicles moving with constant velocities. Due to most of the traffic signal
nowadays still using predetermined sets of configurations to optimize the traffic flows, traffic policeman need
to be introduced during the peak hours to conduct the traffic queues. The proposed fuzzy based system
augmented by genetic algorithm is based on the mechanics of natural genetics that are able to rapidly locate
the near-optimum solutions.
2.2 Hypothesis
Genetic Algorithm based self-tuning Fuzzy Logic Controller produce a self-optimized timing sequence for
traffic system which lead to an improvement of the dynamic traffic flow.
2.3 Problem Statement
The current fuzzy based traffic signal system is configured based on the knowledge and experience about a
respective intersection. The membership functions and rule base in fuzzy inference system optimized using
trial and error approach. Since the rapid growth of moving vehicles and different behaviors of the drivers,
there is a need of implementing a better search engines such as genetic algorithm to alter the membership
functions and rule base employed by a conventional fuzzy based system.
2.4 Literature Review
Various artificial intelligent (AI) controllers such as Fuzzy Logic (FL), Neural Network (NN), and Genetic
Algorithm (GA) have been used to develop traffic light system. The simulated traffic system shows that AI
control approach play an important role to reduce the queue length and average waiting time.
Schutter has simulated an isolated signalized intersection with two 2-way streets without considering the
turning traffic. This model have been tested under fuzzy controller and actuated controller and the conclusion
is fuzzy controller have a better performance compared to actual controller since fuzzy controller able to
reduce the queue length and average waiting time [1].

________________________ ___________________________
Signature of Student Signature of Supervisor
Date: Date:
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 1011fyp HK02 FYP1 proposal

Lin, Kwan and Tung also simulated an isolated intersection with four approaches which consider of left and
right turning. This model have been build and compared between two types of traffic signal control, which
are fixed time control and adaptive signal control. The adaptive signal control is using the 2-stage fuzzy logic
strategy. The adaptive signal control not only able to maximize the efficiency of an existing traffic systems
without new road construction or reduce the vehicle delay or queue length but also able to minimize the air
and noise pollution [2].
Kong and Chen found that not all traffic congestion is due to high inflow traffic volume. Most of the traffic
congestion is caused by “incidents” events such as accidents, road construction or special events. The neural
network and fuzzy logic system for incident detection has been developed and show a better performance
compared to other algorithms [3].
Niittymaki and Maenpaa simulated an isolated intersection with fuzzy logic public transport priority in traffic
signal control. The reasons of this study are measuring and simulating the impacts on bus and vehicle traffic
operations towards an isolated intersection by using the bus priority algorithm. This algorithm has been put
into field test at Vantaa, Lahti and Jyvaskyia in year 2000 [4].
Niitymaki has showed that fuzzy logic controller not only applied in heavy traffic flow intersection, but also
introduced in incident detection, public transport priority. The fuzzy logic controller also being proposed to be
used in isolated pedestrian crossing. The purpose of this fuzzy control is to minimize pedestrians waiting time
and give pedestrians an opportunity to cross the street safely especially the children and elderly people. The
simulation has been carried out by using HUTSIM, a microscopic simulation program. As a conclusion, fuzzy
signal control algorithm can be easily applied and it gives a promising results compared to others signal
control algorithms [5].
Kalganova, Russell, and Cumming have simulated an isolated junction and multi junction network using
JUDGE, an urban traffic simulator. The authors presented an optimal signaling strategy based on Genetic
3. Algorithm. The fitness function has to be determined correctly to measure the overall delay of the network.
Objective:
The objective of this project is to design a traffic control system which is able to deduce an optimized solution
utilizing Genetic Algorithms for globally optimized traffic flow. The project objective can be accomplished
through the following efforts:
a) To study and obtain practical parameters from the field using neural network approach.
b) To develop traffic light model in MATLAB SIMULINK.
c) To generate an auto-tuning Fuzzy Logic traffic control system using Genetic Algorithm.
d) To ascertain the performance of developed GAFLC system.
4. Methodology:
4.1 Preliminary Work
Review on the type of traffic light implement currently, method applied in controller and the application of
Fuzzy Logic and Genetic Algorithms in traffic engineering. There are three aspects which will be considered to
obtain the practical parameters which are geometric, traffic and signalization [7].
4.2 Model & Algorithm Development
Generate an auto-tuning Fuzzy Logic control system using Genetic Algorithm [8].
a) Genetic Algorithm tunes Fuzzy Rules (FR): The membership functions are fixed and constructed the
performance index (PI). The whole fuzzy rules table will be represented as a chromosome and applied GA to
generate fuzzy rules.
b) Genetic Algorithm tunes Membership Functions (MF): Fuzzy rules are assumed to be known and fixed.
Genetic Algorithm will be applied to tune the input and output membership functions.
4.3 Validation of Model
Traffic light with different controller will be tested under the simulation flow which represents the virtual
environment. Traffic light with different controller will be tested under an extreme condition and calibration
will be carried out to improve the traffic control system performance.
4.4 Model Analysis
Investigating the performance of the developed GA fuzzy controller with different traffic light intersections.
Average delay and queue length are among the parameters to be observed.

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4.5 Flow Chart

Project Initiation & Project complete & prepare for

Planning presentation

Result Analysis &

Documentations
Preparation &
Planning for Field
Observation Yes

Is designed
No
traffic light
Observation of the system
currently viable?
implemented Debugging the
Literature Review
systems of traffic model
lights & intersection
condition
Test with real-time traffic
flow

Obtain data from the

intersection Traffic detector to capture the
traffic flow

Yes

Traffic Light Is designed

No Test with
System traffic light simulation
system traffic flow
viable?

GA tunes Rules

GA tunes Membership Function

+ Error Fuzzy Logic Vehicle in

Input Green Time
Based Controller Queue

-
Determination of
Membership Function &
Rules

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 1011fyp HK02 FYP1 proposal

5. Gantt Chart:

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 1011fyp HK02 FYP1 proposal

6. Equipments Required:
6.1 Simulation Tool
In this project, MATLAB SIMULINK and Fuzzy Logic Toolbox will be used as the simulation tool. All the
programming, debugging and testing of traffic signal control system will be conducted in a simulation
environment that enable to provide a safe virtual environment and dramatically reduce the software
development time. Moreover, the error can be easily detected and then debugging can be done immediately.
In addition, the simulated traffic signal control system can be tested in an extreme environment which is rare
or impossible to replicate in a short time.
6.2 Traffic Detector and Measurement Instrument
The proposed traffic detector can be a video camera where the traffic flow of an intersection will be captured
online. Then, the captured video files will be processed offline to obtain the traffic flow using optical flow
approach. There will be two traffic detector in each approached. The position of this detector may vary from
1 meter behind the stop line and another detector is 100 meter away from the detector behind the stop line
[9]. The traffic detector will be used to capture those vehicles pass through the intersection.
7. References:
[1] Bart De Schutter, “Optimum Traffic Light Control for a Single Intersection”, American Control Conference
San Diego, California.
[2] Qinghui Lin, B.W. Kwan, and L.J. Tung, “Traffic Signal Control Using Fuzzy Logic”, System, Man.
Cybernetics, 1997. `Computational Cybernetics & Simulation’, 1997 IEEE International Conference.
[3] Yaguang Kong and Huakui Chen, “Urban Traffic Intersection Incident Prediction Using AI Algorithm”, Joint
Conference on Information Science 2006.
[4] Jarkko Niittymaki and Marko Maenpaa, “The Role of Fuzzy Logic Public Transport Priority in Traffic Signal
Control”, Traffic Engineering & Control, International Journal of Traffic Management & Transportation
Planning, January 2001, Vol.42.No.1 Page 22-26 @ 2001 TEC, Hemming-Group Ltd.
[5] Jarkko Niittymaki, “General Fuzzy Rule Base for Isolated Traffic Signal Control-Rule Formulation”,
Transportation Planning and Technol, Vol. 24, Page 227-247.
[6] T. Kalganova, G.Russell, and A. Cunning, “Multi Traffic Signal Control Using A Genetic Algorithm”, 4th
International Conference on Artificial Networks and Genetic Algorithms (ICANNGA`99) Portoroz, Slovenia.
[7] Ms. Gijija H Kulkarni, Ms. Poorva G Waingankar, “Fuzzy Logic Based Traffic Light Controller”, 2 nd
International Conference on Industrial and Information Systems, ICIIS 2007, Sri Lanka.
[8] Stanislaw H. Zak, “System and Control”, OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS, New York, 2003, Page 563 - 575.
[9] Tessa Sayers, Prof. Michale G.H. Bell, Dipl. Ing. Thorsten Mieden and Dr. Fritz. Busch, “Traffic Resporive
Signal Control Using Fuzzy Logic – A Pratical Modular Appoach”, 4 th European Congress On Intelligent
Techniques And Soft Computing”, 1996, Aachen, Germany.

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 1011fyp HK02 FYP1 proposal

Final Year Project 2009/2010

Name:
Matric No.: Course: HK02
Telephone E-mail:
:
Supervisor Kenneth Teo Tze Kin Co- -
: Supervisor:
Project Optimization of Traffic Signal System Using Genetic Algorithms Fuzzy Logic
Title: Based Controller

Area: Logistic and Control

A non effective traffic signal system causes vehicles to slow down and
accelerating frequently which lead to more fuels consumed compared to
vehicles moving with constant velocities. Due to most of the traffic signal
Project
Descriptio nowadays still using predetermined sets of configurations to optimize the
traffic flows, traffic policeman need to be introduced during the peak hours
n:
to conduct the traffic queues. The proposed fuzzy based system augmented
by genetic algorithm is based on the mechanics of natural genetics that are
able to rapidly locate the near-optimum solutions.
The current fuzzy based traffic signal system is configured based on the
knowledge and experience about a respective intersection. The membership
Problem functions and rule base in fuzzy inference system optimized using trial and
Statement error approach. Since the rapid growth of moving vehicles and different
: behaviors of the drivers, there is a need of implementing a better search
engines such as genetic algorithm to alter the membership functions and
rule base employed by a conventional fuzzy based system.
The objective of this project is to design a traffic control system which is
able to deduce an optimized solution utilizing Genetic Algorithms for
globally optimized traffic flow. The project objective can be accomplished
Project through the following efforts:
Objective: a) a) To study and obtain practical parameters from the field using
neural network approach.
b) To develop traffic light model in MATLAB SIMULINK.
c) To generate an auto-tuning Fuzzy Logic traffic control system using
Equipment MATLAB Fuzzy Logic Toolbox, Model Predictive Control Toolbox, SIMULINK,
s: Video Camera, Computer.

Requiremen Basic knowledge of fuzzy logic, MATLAB application toolbox such as Fuzzy
ts: Logic Toolbox, Model Predictive Control Toolbox, SIMULINK, etc.