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BIOLOGY: Chapter 5 Test Review

1. Know what the first law of thermodynamics states.


2. Know what the second law of thermodynamics states.
3. In the second law of thermodynamics what decreases with time?
4. Energy can neither be destroyed or _________.
5. List four different types of exergonic reactions.
6. ATP acts as what type of agent in almost all metabolic pathways?
7. ATP contains what type of sugar?
8. ATP contains what nucleic acid?
9. When ATP releases its energy, what two things are formed?
10. During enzyme-catalyzed reactions, substrate is a synonym for a ________.
11. Under what conditions will a chemical reaction reach equilibrium?
12. A chemical equilibrium means the rate of opposing reactions is _______.
13. What is another word for biosynthetic?
14. The products of catabolic pathways are usually smaller and lower in what?
15. A molecule that gives up an electron becomes both ionized and _________.
16. What is oxidation?
17. When NAD+ combines with hydrogen, the NAD+ becomes __________.
18. Enzymes increase the rate of a given reaction by lowering what kind of energy?
19. The concept of a key fitting into a lock is descriptive of what biological process?
20. What type of organic compound may show enzymatic activity?
21. List four things that are true about enzymatic behavior.
22. List four characteristics of enzymes.
23. What things may enzymes require in order to function?
24. Enzymatic reactions can be controlled by what four things?
25. List four substances that could function as a coenzyme.
26. Allosteric inhibition is generally a result of what happening?
27. What is an Allosteric enzyme?
28. What organic compound needs a transport protein to cross the cell membrane?
29. What three things affect the rate of diffusion through a semipermeable membrane?
30. When will the rate of diffusion through a semipermeable membrane be at its lowest?
31. What happens in simple diffusion?
32. Name one passive transport process.
33. Name a passive process that requires a protein for movement of a solute across a membrane.
34. What type of process is the movement of a molecule against a concentration gradient?
35. What type of transport requires the expenditure of ATP?
36. The sodium-potassium pump is an example of what type of transport?
37. What type of organic compound is the carrier molecules used in active transport?
38. If a single-celled freshwater organism, such as a protistan, is transferred to salt water what is likely to
happen?
39. If a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution what will happen to it?
40. A red blood cell will swell and burst when placed in what type of solution?
41. What will happen to a plant cell if it is placed in a hypotonic solution?
42. A plant will wilt if it is placed in what type of solution?
43. White blood cells use what process to get rid of foreign particles in the blood?
44. List four things that are associated with the process of endocytosis.
45. Which form(s) of endocytosis involve(s) a receptor?
46. List four processes that apply to conditions where energy is released in a reaction.
47. List four things that are related by their description of enzyme properties.
48. List four different cofactors or coenzymes.
49. List four things that can happen to a cell that is placed in a hypertonic solution.
50. List four different types of transport systems that require energy use by the cell.

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