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Dutch Wind Workshops, October 2010

Atmospheric stability and wind profiles


at two wind farm sites in the North Sea
Ameya Sathe, TU Delft
Sven-Erik Gryning, Risø DTU
Alfredo Peña, Risø DTU

Acknowledgements:
1.OWEZ data - WE@Sea program, Noordzeewind,
Senter Novem
2.Horns Rev data – Tall Wind project, Vattenfall A/s,
DONG Energy A/S, NORSEWinD project
Objective

Atmospheric stability and wind profile


analysis in marine conditions (only long
marine fetch is considered)
• Using existing theoretical models
• Comparing with measurements
Basic theory
Monin-Obukhov similarity theory (MOST)

a = 12, p = -1/3, b = 5
Standard surface layer wind profile

Non-dimensional wind profile

For details

Theory Measurements Results Conclusions


Extended wind profile

For details

Theory Measurements Results Conclusions


Some important basic considerations

c = 0.15

Theory Measurements Results Conclusions


Site 1

Theory Measurements Results Conclusions


Site 2

Theory Measurements Results Conclusions


Measurement Details

OWEZ
Measurement heights = 21, 70, 116 m
Sea surface temperature (SST) = -3.8 m,
corrected by -0.82 ⁰C
Period of analysis = July 2005 –
December 2008

Horns Rev
Measurement heights = 15, 30, 45 m
Sea surface temperature (SST) = - 4 m
Period of analysis = April 1999 –
December 2006

Theory Measurements Results Conclusions


Statistics of atmospheric stability

Theory Measurements Results Conclusions


Statistics of atmospheric stability

Theory Measurements Results Conclusions


Statistics of atmospheric stability

Theory Measurements Results Conclusions


Non-Dimensional wind profiles – Standard surface layer
theory

Theory Measurements Results Conclusions


Non-dimensional wind profiles – Extended wind
profile model

OWEZ

Theory Measurements Results Conclusions


Conclusions

• Using MOST, 10-min measurements can be used to derive


statistics of atmospheric stability reasonably well
• Over a long marine fetch, the conditions in the North Sea are
mainly unstable and neutral
• Standard surface-layer theory of wind profile works in the
unstable and neutral conditions for the entire boundary layer
• Under stable conditions, the extended wind profile model is
preferable, or any model that scales the wind profile by at
least zi , since its effect is clearly visible.
• The quality of temperature measurements is of utmost
importance

Theory Measurements Results Conclusions


Questions for the audience

Some examples of wind profile models are:


– Logarithmic wind profile
– Exponential wind profile
– Standard surface layer diabatic wind profile
– Extended wind profile model
– Many more (not listed here because they are not studied)
• Do we need to use such sophisticated wind profile
models for wind energy?
• Is atmospheric stability analysis important for wind
energy?
• Does the audience have questions on my analysis?
Correction of SST at OWEZ Back

Theory Measurements Results Conclusions

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