《燃烧学导论：概念与应用》第四章习题 参考答案*

本章习题： 16－18, 20

4.16
Solution:
d[NO]
1) = K1 f [O][N 2 ] − K1r [NO][N] + K 2 f [O 2 ][ N] − K 2 r [NO][O]
dt
d[N]
= K1 f [O][N 2 ] − K1r [NO][N] − K 2 f [O 2 ][N] + K 2 r [NO][O]
dt
d[NO]
2) = 2 K1 f [O][ N 2 ]
dt
K1 f [O][ N 2 ]
3) [ N ] =
K 2 f [O 2 ]

−2
4) t = 3.7 ×10 s

5) K1r = 3.164 ×10 m /kmol-s

9 3

6) Neglecting the reverse reactions is appropriate, especially considering the reactions were
calculated using the final value of 50ppm NO. At lower NO concentrations, the f/r ratios would be
even greater.
7) [N]=5.487*10-11kmol/m3; xN=9.4*10-3ppm

4.17
GIVEN: the Eeldovich reaction (problem 4-16) and the following additional reaction:

N + OH ⎯⎯→
k3
NO + H
FIND:
a) the steady-state N-atom concentration expression.
b) the expression for NO formation rate, d[NO]/dt
ASSUMPTIONS: equilibrium O, O2, N2, H and OH, negligible reverse reactions,
APPRAOCH: 3 reactions:
k
O + N 2 ⎯⎯→
1f
NO + N

k
N + O2 ⎯⎯→
2f
NO + O

k
N + OH ⎯⎯→
3f
NO + H
d[ N ]
a) = k1 f [O][ N 2 ] − k 2 f [ N ][O2 ] − k 3 f [ N ][OH ] = 0 at steady-state, solving for [N]:
dt

                                                             
*
  该答案来自于清华大学热能系姚强教授。 
  1
 k1 f [O][ N 2 ]
[N ] =
k 2 f [O2 ] + k 3 f [OH ]
d [ NO]
b) = k1 f [O][ N 2 ] + k 2 f [ N ][O2 ] + k 3 f [ N ][OH ]
dt
substituting for [N] as found in part a:

d [ NO] k1 f [O][ N 2 ] k1 f [O][ N 2 ]

= k1 f [O][ N 2 ] + k 2 f ( )[O2 ] + k 3 f ( )[OH ]
dt k 2 f [O2 ] + k 3 f [OH ] k 2 f [O2 ] + k 3 f [OH ]
Simplifying:

d [ NO ] 1
= k1 f [O][ N 2 ][1 + (k 2 f [O2 ] + k 3 f [OH ])] = 2k1 f [O][ N 2 ]
dt k 2 f [O2 ] + k 3 f [OH ]

COMMENT: Note that the above expression for d[NO]/dt is the same as that derived in problem
4-16 witout the N+OH→NO+H reaction.

4.18

GIVEN: CO + OH ⎯⎯→ CO2 + H ; k1 = 1.17 ⋅ 10 T exp(+3000 / Ru T )

1 K 7 1.35

CO + O2 ⎯⎯→
K2
CO2 + O ; k 2 = 2.5 ⋅ 1012 T 1.35 exp(−200,000 / Ru T )

−3 −3
T=2000 K, P=1atm, xCO = 0.011 , xOH = 3.68 ⋅ 10 , xO2 = 6.43 ⋅ 10

FIND: τchem for the 2 CO reactions and compare

ASSUMPTIONS: xCO >> xOH , xO2

SOLUTION: with the assumption that CO is the dominant species, we can use Eqn.4.75 in a

straightforward way. First, we need to connect xCO to [CO]:

P
[CO ] = xCO Eqn.4.40
Ru T

101,325
= 0.011 = 6.702 ⋅ 10 −5 kmol / m 3
8315(2000)
Since k1 and k2 are expressed in gmol and cm3, we connect:

kmol 10 3 gmol 1m 3
[CO ] = 6.702 ⋅ 10 −5 3 3 3
= 6.702 ⋅ 10 −8 gmol / cm 3
m kmol 100 cm
Numerically evaluating k1 and k2 :

3000
k1 = 1.17 ⋅ 10 7 (2000)1.35 exp[ ] = 4.008 ⋅ 1011 cm 3 / gmol − s
8.315(2000)

  2
 − 200000
k 2 = 2.5 ⋅ 1012 exp[ ] = 1.496 ⋅ 107 cm 3 / gmol − s
8.315( 2000)
To calculate τchem , we apply Eqn.4.75:

τ 1 = [[CO]k1 ] −1 = [6.702 ⋅ 10 −8 ⋅ 4.008 ⋅ 1011 ]−1 = 3.72 ⋅ 10 −5 s

τ 2 = [[CO]k 2 ] −1 = [6.702 ⋅ 10 −8 ⋅ 1.496 ⋅ 10 7 ] −1 = 0.997 s

COMMENT: Here we have a clear demonstration that the CO+OH reaction is much faster than
CO+O2: 5 times orders-of –magnitude faster !

如果不使用近似，利用书上公式(4.74)则有 τ 1 = 4.26 ⋅ 10 s; τ 2 = 1.29 s

−5

4.20
Solution:

K1 f K 3 f [O 2 ][H 2 ]
[O] =
K1r K 3r [H 2 O]

K1 f K 2 f K 3 f 2 [O 2 ][H 2 ]3 1/2
[H] = { ( ) }
K1r K 2 r K 3r [H 2 O]2

K1 f K 2 f
[OH] = { [O 2 ][H 2 ]}1/2
K1r K 2 r

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 《燃烧学导论：概念与应用》第五章习题 参考答案
本章习题：13
5.13
Solution:
Based on the assumptions, the following relations can be used:
d[NO]
= 2 K1 f [O]eq [N 2 ]eq
dt
38370
K1 f = 1.8 × 1011 exp(− )
T
Assuming T, [O] and [N2] constant,

[NO] f − [NO]i = 2 K1 f [O]eq [ N 2 ]eq (t f − ti )

a) xNO = 615.3 ppm ; xNO / xNO ,eq = 0.294

b) xNO = 1686 ppm ; xNO / xNO ,eq = 0.88

c) 新生成的 NO 为 6.69ppm; x NO / x NO ,eq = 0.187

d) 新生成的 NO 为 336.6ppm; x NO / x NO ,eq = 0.86

Looking at the ratio xNO / xNO ,eq , it appears that the assumption of negligible reactions was

appropriate for the gas turbine combustor, particularly in the secondary combustion zone. The
assumption is not valid for the gas furnace, however.
The results do make sense. The Zeldovich mechanism is a strong function of temperature as
shown by the fact that most of the NO produced in both the gas turbine and the furnace
combustors was produced in the high temperature primary-combustion zone. Furthermore, the
Zeldovich mechanism relatively slow as shown by the higher NO levels in the gas funace where
residence times are much longer.

附：以下为题 5.13 的具体计算过程(from ShengKai Wang)

  4
solution to 5.13
From S.K. Wang