Cultural Barriers:

The culture shapes the behaviour and understanding of a person.It can be said as a set of
values beliefs,norms,customs,rules and codes with which a person can identify himself.
Culture differs from one nation to another.Even within a nation,you may find different
religion.Ex.India.The diff in age like(a 20 yr old n a 70 yr old) may also b the cause of
culture difference.
Culture barriers cause hindrances in communication in the eyes of the communicator
.This is because the same language and symbols may have different meanings for
them.For example coco cola in china means bite the head off a dead tadpole. Similarly
colour and body language can mean different things to different communicators in 1
culture than another.
In Japan exchange of business cards is considered as an important ritual.People giv and
receive cards with care rather than taking it one handedly and stuffing it in pockets.An
American business man lost his deal with to Japanese because of his inattentiveness to a
business card,the Japanese presumed that he will do just the same with the business he’ll
exhibit.
Even with the best of conditions,communication can b difficult.Some of the most
significant differences b/w cultures are
Natural character or Basic personality,Concepts of time,Values and norms of
nusiness,Perceptions,Language ,social behaviour

Constant efforts needed to over come unconscious barriers in an organization. Periodical

review and reorganization of communication network is also necessary to ensure it.

How to overcome Communication Barriers:

1. Overcoming Barriers on part of a sender:
• Planning and clarifying the ideas
• Overcoming diff perceptions
• Overcome Language differences(use of simple lang,avoiding
Jargons,meaning of technical terms must b explained,asking )
• Avoiding inconsistencies in communication(avoiding inconsistent verbal
and non verbal communication n providing only true facts)
• Avoiding –ve effects of emotionality(Ppl with high level of emotionality is
difficult
2. On part of the receiver
• Focus on the message and not on the messenger
• Overcoming poor listening
• Have an open minnd(Understand what the person is trying to convey,keep
all ur notions aside,hv an open mind
3. Overcoming Organisational barriers
• Choosing the right medium
• Overcomin noise barriers
• Simplify org structure
 • Use feed back
17th May,2008

The seafood company

Koramangala

THE NOMA FORM OF LAYOUT

The name NOMA is an acronym of National office management
association.This American organization has suggested this style.This format
has been accepted in Britian with some modification.

Most of its features are same as that of the full block type.The add is in block
form with no punctuation at the end of the line ..All lines begin within the left
margin

This leter has the following features:

1. Saluation and complimentary close is omitted.
2. Subject is in capital letters. And is witten 3 lines below the address
3. Enumerated item list like this begin at he left margin.List of items
without enumeration and indented 5 spaces.There is no full stop at the
end of the items in the line
4. The writers name are typed in capital letters.And it is wriiten at the end
of the letter beginning at the left margin
5. Typist initials are written in the bottom left corner

Some people like this form as it eliminates the needlessness of salutation and
complimentary close.But this format is not accepted by all because of the following
reasons that is it is too impersonal and too distant.and far removed from the familiar
conventional format.

Kiran desai

Indented form

• Follows the all format

• Established british convention of letters and para construction

• Grtst advantage of layout is that everything seems to b in proper place
• There is indentation at the beginning of paragraphs

Block form
• Recent origin bcos of American para writing
• Double line space b/w paragraphs
 • Inside address in block letters
• Paragraphs begin from left margin
• No indentation from left margin
• Followed all over d worls
• More presentable and Easier to handle

Modified Indented form

• Inside address in the block form.

• Eliminates the short comings of full block form
• Saltuatin and compl are followed by comma
• Para begin at left margin
• No double space after paragraphs

Semiblock form/Semi indented form

• Saluation and complinetary close followed by a comma as it is in traditional style.

• Inside add block form
• Date n compl are on the rite side.

Hanging form of layout

• Date and complimentary close on the the right

• Adopted for sales letter in which striking appearance in necessary.
• Beginningo f para from left margin
• Inside add block form
• Subsequent lines of each para are indented