SHEIKH TECHNICAL VETERINERY

SCHOOL (STVS)
BORAMA INDIVITUAL FIELDWORK
REPORT
From: 15 January to 12th February 2011
Name/AUTHOR: Abbas Sheikh Ali
Jimale
Student registration number: 090

Date: 18/02/2011
AKNOWLEDGEMENT

Thanks to Allah who allowed me this opportunity or chance to go for home report
work and to gain a lot of experience and interview skills and training also I would
have thank to people who was given hand and helped me possible to collect this
report such Nadif and seller Hasan Cateye.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE

1.0. Introduction__________________________________________________1

1.2. Background of study area____________________________________1

CHAPTER TWO

2.0. Objectives ________________________________________________2

2.1. METHODOLOGICAL ISUES _________________________________2

2.2. Assessment approach ________________________________________2

CHAPTER THREEE: ACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT

3.0. INTRODUCTION__________________________________________3

3.1. Borame milk market ______________________________________3

3.2. Milk market hygine situation ________________________________3

3.3. Borama livestock market ___________________________________4

3.4. Market facilities and prices_________________________________4

3.4.1. Sources of market depend on _______________________________5

3.5. Dynamics of livestock market ________________________________5

3.5.1. Key actors in the livestock markets of the Borame________________6

3.5.2. Ongoing and potential constrains to a livestock traders and producers in
Borame _____________________________________________________7

CHAPTER FOUR: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION_________7

4.1. Conclusion _______________________________________________7

4.2. Recommendation __________________________________________7

Annex1-2

1.0. Introduction

In holidays stvs students especially second year are sent to

individual home report that concerns livestock facilities may
found in their capital, regions and districts of Somalia or
Somaliland and gain new experiences to livestock sector
activities that going on so the places fulfilled this report is Borame
milk market, types of milk market and he components of milk
market and livestock market ,market infrastructures and the main
species traded in the market .

1.2. Background of the study area

Borame is the capital city of Awdal province in the northern Somaliland region .in
climate is cold because it is surrounded by mountains; most of city population’s
lifestyle depends on livestock and farms near the town. The cist’s limited rain fall
usually comes in December and may.
Study Area (Borama)

2.0. Objectives

The objectives of the home work report were intended as follows

 To acquire professional skills in home report before returning from holidays

 To improve their skills collecting and processing their data

 To obtain individual report

 To exercise on knowledge skills and techniques that every students acquired

in the past two years course work.

2.1. Methodological issues

2.2. Assessment approach
The assessment was conducted between “10 January -10february” by second year
students individually by Abbas sheikh Ali Jimale collected from Borama . This
was followed by in –depth interview market actors using an interview guide the
was collectively developed by Borame, lastly individual author held site visit s to
pastoral settlements livestock market and milk market and retail and whole sale
premises to collect data main interview were applied on
 1. Observation

2. Interview

3. Data collection

Activities carried out

The activities carried out during the field studies as are flows

1. Borame milk market

2. Livestock market and key actors in the market

Introduction

3.0.Borame milk market

This market locates northern west of the town and it is the largest milk market
structure however this market was built by previous Somali socialist government
and its not repaired and also after 20 years the market was divided into many parts
for almost three sections. Now most of the milk are bought from Somalis region
five especially villages such Harawo ,Caracad , khunjed ,Googti by using vehicles
that milk are transported to the market. Milk always f available in the market are ;
camel milk and cattle milk thought sheep and goat milk rare or not found in the
market .most milk are classified according to their quality and time they exist as
fresh or sour milk ,fresh milk are expensive than sour milk .

3.1. Milk market Hygiene situation

Sanitation process of the market is poor at prosperous autumn seasons because this
is considered that milk market will had remnanants of milk in vessels’ for weeks
this may be caused for handling many times in the process of selling to the
consumer, in other hand dry seasons is reverse because of scarcity of milk because
of many animals had missed for their enough forages or grasses also may be met
drought seasons and the milk productivity of may be at lower than the normal
production. Now sanitation process is good is good for the sake of milk scarcity
and no remnants milk in the market.

Challenges of milk market

Lack of proper hygiene

Lack of milk inspectors

Lack of perfect market

High taxes

3.3.Borama livestock market

The market locates to the northern west part of the Borame town and it was started
early 1980 the market has an area about 1.5km2,also has different sections of
selling cattle, camel, goat ,sheep .for moment an interview was written there was
flock of camels transported to intended vehicle though January has low demand
compare to other months these camels are remnants of the last demand that time
ended during shipment of livestock going to Berbera port .

The table below shows the price and taxes of animal

Grades of animals Price per animal Tax per one animal

Grade one $50 $1
Grade two $40 $0.5
Grade three $30 $0.4

3.4. Market facilities and prices

Now the market has three rooms one for last local government intended to collect
money others two were veterinary inspectors that control animals that came the
market to determine healthy or not ,if the animal is unhealthy inspect and
prescribe a drug to the owner the market has one water point and two
embankments intended transportation, small teashops.

Usually the price at the market goes high exporting rate during special occasions
like months of Shacban ,the holy month of Ramadan and large festival Idull Adh-
ha and Idul Haj(months October and November ),January and February exporting
rate decrease or in the year 2000 the kingdom of Saudia Arabai imposed an import
ban on all livestock and livestock products from Somalia in response to health risks
related to epizootic rift valley .the ban lasted 10 years until September 2009
affecting local economies and causing changes in livestock marketing , this ban
prosecuted ever below the graph to the Somalis expotorer,pastorolists and agro
pastoralists or unemployment.

3.4.1. Sources of the market

Most of the animals localy consumed and export come fromsoround villages and
what is called land of Somalis region five in such districts especially Harta sheikh,
eastern wajale .although some oxen are fatenfor commercial purpose. The price of
the market is affected by several factors like demand of consumers and body
condition of the animal. However Cross border livestock trade is seem to be
getting back to a high percentage after it has been removed livestock ban so these
exports took place despite restrictions and and military operations along Somali
Ethiopian border or region five that continued to effect the flow of commercial
imports.

3.5. Dynamics of livestock market

Livestock production and trade contribute directly or indirect to a livelihood of

many house hold Somalis not only Borame economics and employment in every
day. Though slight drought affected surrounding villages of livestock, the most
dominant animals traded include sheep, goat, camel, cattle. Borame is one of the
rarely regions of Somaliland obtained cattle so livestock trade in this region has
changed from livestock subsistence society.

3.5.1. Key actors in the livestock markets of the Borame

The following market actors can be identified in livestock markets of the Borame:
(a) Small scale (petty) traders: Petty traders include the ‘Gedisley’ and the
‘Gadley’. The Gedisley are traders who buy animals from producers in one market
and sell them to another market in order to exploit price differentials between the
two markets. The Gedisley may also try to add value to purchased animals through
supplementary feeding and treatment. Many traders who are described as Gedisley
operate at a local level, moving animals from village markets to larger markets in
the same district or region or even larger markets in other regions or across
international borders. On the other hand, a Gadley is a small‐scale livestock trader
who buys animals at low cost in a market and then sells them later at a profit in the
same market, usually a district market. Similar to the Gedisley, a Gadley may also
try to add value to the purchased animals through supplementary grazing and
feeding, or by offering treatment for health problems.
(b) Agents of exporters: Agents are market participants who supply animals in
response to orders or requests from actors further up the supply chain. They source
and transfer animals on behalf of their clients from smaller markets to larger
markets within a country or across borders based on an established rapport and
trust. In some cases, agents may also act independently by using their funds and
thus trading as Gedisley in addition to their role as agents.
(c) Exporters: Exporters are traders who act as the final link in the chain between
the local livestock marketing system and the importing country. They assemble
livestock from different regions of Somaliland (including those procured from
across
Borders) and transport them to destination countries and arrange for their sale.
(d) Brokers: Brokers, also known as the ‘Dilaal’ or ‘Dallaal’, are a central feature
of livestock marketing in Borame . They are based in main markets and play a
pivotal role in all transactions that are concluded in these markets. Brokers
facilitate exchange between other traders, and are involved in every transaction in
the market. Price is arrived at through bargaining between a buyer and seller
through the facilitation of a broker. Besides facilitating exchange, brokers play the
important role of guaranteeing that the livestock being traded is not stolen.
Other actors include livestock producers, traders’ associations (Chambers of
Commerce), veterinary departments, and port authorities.
3.5.2. Ongoing and potential constrains to a livestock traders and producers in
Borama

Livestock trade is the main economic activity and crucial source of income for
pastoral population in this region. The cross border trade near Borame has survived
periods of high political instability and uncertainly concerns because some of the
perennial constrains to livestock trade in the region include political instability in
the region five, stringent regulations on livestock movement in Ethiopia poor
veterinary services and informal livestock trade across the border is still illegal in
Ethiopia. However producer in who bring their animals in livestock Borame are
faced these constrains that we mentioned above except producers in Borame
surrounding villages.

5.0. Conclusion and Recommendation

5.1. Conclusion

Home holidays were very interesting to every one of the students in Stvs but this
report was send to second year student because it promoted the capacity preparing
of home report that concerned livestock facilities those are available to their home
land . This is my first time to visit many different Borama livestock market and its
actors and milk market .conclusion from these activities carried out in Borama may
be summarized as follows

The market there is lack of insufficient shades also veterinarian effort is weak

In the milk market sellers’ challenges are high and also taxes is high though dry
seasons milk market of the province most depend on Somalis region five under
control of Ethiopian government.

5.2. Recommendation

In addition to my conclusion in the process of recommendation as follows

 The local government should restrict the usage of plastic bags for entire
environment and especially livestock market grassing areas

 To encourage the community volunteer tasks such to build milk market and
improve livestock market
  To allocate number of specialized veterinary officers those would be on
punctual

 To give hand for cross border livestock producers, in order to bring their
animals and products freely.

Milk market materials used for transportation

veterinarians inspection center in Borama

Reference

Internet livestock facilities HOA (horn of Africa)

Books

Interview data