How do Bacteria Multiply?

•Turn to page 192.

Chapter 6, Part 2
Bacteria and Viruses
•We will do the activity as a
class.
•Answer the “Think it Over”
Over”
question in your notes.

Bacteria Bacterial Cell Shapes

•Bacteria (Singular bacterium): •There are 3

Unicellular prokaryote main bacterial
belonging to either the shapes.
Archaebacteria or Eubacteria
kingdom.

•The shape of a bacterial cell Two Kingdoms of Bacteria

is determined by the
chemical makeup of its cell •Archaebacteria
wall. •Live in extreme
•Flagellum (Plural flagella):
flagella): A environments –
long, whip- temperature, acids
whip-like structure that
extends from the cell wall. •Eubacteria
•Live everywhere but
extreme environments

1
 Bacteria Reproduction
• Bacteria reproduce in two ways:
Asexual Reproduction
•Asexual: Involves only one •Binary Fission: One cell
parent and produces divides to form two identical
offspring that are identical to
cells
that parent
•Sexual: Involves two parents
who combine their genetic
information for produce a
new organism

Sexual Reproduction

•Conjugation: One bacterium

transfers some of its genetic
material into another
bacterium through a thin,
threadlike bridge.

Bacteria Survival Needs •Obtaining food

•Autotrophic – Some
•All Bacteria need certain bacteria make food from
things to survive: sunlight and some bacteria
•Food source make food from chemical
•Method for digesting food substances in their
•Survival techniques for environment
when conditions become
unfavorable

2

•Heterotrophic – Bacteria
eat things like milk, meat,
and decaying organic
matter
Bacteria Interactions
•Bacteria are involved in fuel
and food production as well
as in environmental
recycling and cleanup.
However, some bacteria do
cause diseases and other
harmful effects.
•Viruses can only multiply
when they are inside a living
cell.
•Host: A living things that
provides a source of energy
for a virus
•Bacteriophage:
Bacteriophage: A virus that
infects bacteria
•Endospore Formation
•Some bacteria can survive
unfavorable conditions by
forming endospores
•Endospore:
Endospore: A small,
rounded, thick-
thick-walled,
resting cell that forms
inside a bacterial cell. They
contain the genetic material
and some of the cytoplasm.
What is a Virus?
•Virus: A small, non-
non-living
particle that invades, then
reproduces inside a living
cell.
•Viruses are non-
non-living
because they are not cells.
They do not use energy to
grow or to respond to their
surroundings.
Viral Shapes
3
 Structure of Viruses

•All viruses have two basic

parts:
•An outer coat that protects
the virus
•An inner core made of
genetic material

Virus Model Assignment How Viruses Multiply

•Now, you get to make your 1. A virus will attach itself to a

own virus! cell and enter it
2. Once inside, the virus’
virus’s
genetic material takes over
the cell’
cell’s functions.

3. The virus’
virus’s genetic material Active vs. Hidden Viruses
directs the cell to produce the
virus’
virus’s proteins and genetic
material. •Active Viruses - Some
4. The proteins and genetic viruses take over the cell’
cell’s
material are assembled into functions immediately.
new viruses. •Hidden Viruses - Some
5. The new viruses burst from viruses wait for a while.
the cell and infect other cells.

4
 Viral Diseases

•Pg. 210
•Antibiotics WILL NOT cure
viral diseases!
•Only your body can cure
viral diseases, but you can
ease the symptoms with
medications.