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From Wikipedia, the free Fourteenth Amendment to the United States

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Original text of the Constitution

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From Wikipedia, the free Fourteenth Amendment to the United States


encyclopedia Constitution

of male citizens twenty-one years of


age in such State.
Section 3. No person shall be a
Senator or Representative in Con-
gress, or elector of President and
Vice President, or hold any office,
civil or military, under the United
States, or under any State, who,
having previously taken an oath, as
a member of Congress, or as an of-
ficer of the United States, or as a
member of any State legislature, or
as an executive or judicial officer of
any State, to support the Constitu-
tion of the United States, shall have
engaged in insurrection or rebellion
against the same, or given aid or
comfort to the enemies thereof. But
Congress may by a vote of two-
thirds of each House, remove such
disability.
Section 4. The validity of the
public debt of the United States, au-
thorized by law, including debts in-
Page 2 of the amendment
curred for payment of pensions and
bounties for services in suppressing
immunities of citizens of the United insurrection or rebellion, shall not
States; nor shall any State deprive be questioned. But neither the Un-
any person of life, liberty, or prop- ited States nor any State shall as-
erty, without due process of law; nor sume or pay any debt or obligation
deny to any person within its juris- incurred in aid of insurrection or re-
diction the equal protection of the bellion against the United States, or
laws. any claim for the loss or emancipa-
Section 2. Representatives shall tion of any slave; but all such debts,
be apportioned among the several obligations and claims shall be held
States according to their respective illegal and void.
numbers, counting the whole num- Section 5. The Congress shall
ber of persons in each State, exclud- have power to enforce, by appropri-
ing Indians not taxed. But when the ate legislation, the provisions of this
right to vote at any election for the article.
choice of electors for President and
Vice President of the United States,
Representatives in Congress, the Ex- ;F;L7@E:;B3@65;H;>
ecutive and Judicial officers of a
State, or the members of the Legis-
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From Wikipedia, the free Fourteenth Amendment to the United States
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From Wikipedia, the free Fourteenth Amendment to the United States
encyclopedia Constitution

weaken their own political domin- F7@676 FA 5A@EFDG7 ;F @3DDAI>K ;@ City of Bo-
ance. There were two alternatives erne v. Flores 
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available—either to limit southern of the University of Alabama v. Garrett
representation, which was unaccept- 
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able on a long-term basis, or to in- Human Resources v. Hibbs   3@6 Ten-
sure that southern Negroes, sym- nessee v. Lane  
pathetic to the Republican cause,
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cit grant of suffrage to Negroes was
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From Wikipedia, the free Fourteenth Amendment to the United States
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From Wikipedia, the free Fourteenth Amendment to the United States
encyclopedia Constitution

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  Richardson v. Ramirez /0 Klusmeyer, Douglas B.; Alexander,
Thomas (2000). From Migrants to
%AI7DA8@8AD57?7@F Citizens: Membership in a Changing
T
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v. Morgan Department of Endowment. pp. 124. ISBN
T
 City of Human Resources 0870031597.
Boerne v. Flores v. Hibbs /0 Ancheta, Angelo N. (1998). Race, Rights,
T
 Board of T  Tennessee and the Asian American Experience.
Trustees of the v. Lane Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
University of pp. 103. ISBN 0813524644.
Alabama v. /0 1 The Heritage Foundation (2005). The
Garrett Heritage Guide to the Constitution.
Washington, DC: Heritage Foundation.
pp. 385–386. ISBN 159698001X.
#AF7E /
0 Erler, Edward J.; West, Thomas G.;
/
0 (E7E;E>7J3@67D(:7@3>;7@34>7AD7 Marini, John A. (2007). The Founders on
A8;F;L7@E:;BDA?D76'5AFFFAF:7 Citizenship and Immigration: Principles
&7:@CG;EFAGDFD;LA@3'F3F7!3I and Challenges in America. Lanham,
AGD@3>*A>   MD: Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 67. ISBN
/ 0 Duhaime, Lloyd. "Legal Definition of 074255855X.
Black Code". duhaime.org. /

0 @ INS v. Rios-Pineda F:7'GBD7?7AGDF


http://www.duhaime.org/ AB;@;A@D787DD76FA35:;>64AD@FA
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0 U.S. Department of State (02/01/2008).
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&7H7D6KA:@EA@ E3;6;@F:7E3?7 Citizenship and Dual Nationality".
6743F78F:7D73D7FA475;F;L7@EA8F:7 http://travel.state.gov/law/citizenship/
)@;F76'F3F7E7@F;F>767H7DKI:7D7FAF:7 citizenship_778.html. Retrieved on
5:3D35F7DA85;F;L7@EA8F:7)@;F76 2009-04-17.
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0 White, Bradford (2008). Procedural Due
3@6F:73?7@6?7@FE3KE5;F;L7@E:;B?3K Process in Plain English. National Trust
67B7@6GBA@4;DF:3@6=@AIA8@A for Historic Preservation. ISBN
47FF7DI3KFA9;H7D;E7FA5;F;L7@E:;BF:3@ 0891335730.
F:7835FA84;DF:I;F:;@F:7F7DD;FADKA8 /
0 See also Mathews v. Eldridge 

F:7)@;F76'F3F7E4AD@A8B3D7@FEI:A3F /
0 Abrams, Eve (2009-02-12). "Plessy/
Ferguson plaque dedicated". WWNO


From Wikipedia, the free Fourteenth Amendment to the United States
encyclopedia Constitution

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0 Patterson, James (2002). Brown v. Board (inactive 2009-04-04).
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0 Gerstmann, Evan (1999). The D7EFAD;@97887DEA@3H;E5;F;L7@E:;B
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Lesbians, and the Failure of Class-Based / 0  )' 3F 
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LawReviews/Amar1.html. 3?7@6?7@F3@663F7EA8D3F;8;53F;A@
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/ 0 1 Levy, Leonard (1970). Fourteenth
Amendment and the Bill of Rights: The
Incorporation Theory (American
Constitutional and Legal History Series).
Da Capo Press. ISBN 0306700298.

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