========================================

WHATIS Version 4.29

Tuesday, 15th April 2008, 10:46.
========================================
----------
CALCULATOR
----------
RESULTS:
1 = 1.000

------------------
P-VALUES: P from Z
------------------
DATA:
z = 1
RESULTS:
One-tailed P = 0.159
or 0.841, depending on the
direction of the study hypothesis.
Two-tailed P = 0.317

------------------
P=VALUES: P from T
------------------
DATA:
t = 1 (D.F. = 122)
RESULTS:
One-tailed P = 0.160
or 0.840, depending on the
direction of the study hypothesis.
Two-tailed P = 0.319

========================================
COMPARE2 Version 1.78
Wednesday, 30th April 2008, 1:04.
========================================
----------------------------
Proportions or a 2 x 2 table
----------------------------
DATA:
A: Yes, 17 No, 6 Denominator, 23
B: Yes, 21 No, 2 Denominator, 23
RESULTS:
Proportions (of "Yes"): A, 0.7391 B, 0.9130
If inverse sampling was used,
see results at end of output.
[Campbell (2007) recommends use of Upton's chi-square
(the "N-1" chi-square) for this table, where no cell has
 an expected value less than 1.]
Exact tests:
Fisher's P:
One-tailed: P = 0.121 or 0.977
Two-tailed: P = 0.243
Double one-tailed: P = 0.243
Mid-P:
One-tailed: P = 0.072 or 0.928
Two-tailed: P = 0.194
Double one-tailed: P = 0.145
Overall's continuity-corrected P:
One-tailed: P = 0.068 or 0.989
Two-tailed: P = 0.137
Double one-tailed: P = 0.137
Tocher's test P > 0.050 {one-tailed)
Upton's "N - 1" chi-sq. = 2.368 P = 0.124
Pearson's chi-square = 2.421 P = 0.120
with Yates's correction = 1.362 P = 0.243
Haber's adjusted chi-sq. = 2.421 P = 0.120
WARNING: 2 cells have an expected frequency of <5.
Log-likelihood chi-square = 2.515 P = 0.113
with Yates's correction = 1.390 P = 0.238
DIFFERENCE [A minus B] = -0.174 S.E. = 0.109
Large-sample method (Fleiss), continuity-corrected:
90% C.I. = -0.396 to 0.049
95% C.I. = -0.431 to 0.083
99% C.I. = -0.498 to 0.150
Wilson's score method:
Not continuity-corrected (Newcombe's method 10):
90% C.I. = -0.353 to 0.014
95% C.I. = -0.387 to 0.052
99% C.I. = -0.451 to 0.127
Continuity-corrected (Newcombe's method 11):
90% C.I. = -0.378 to 0.045
95% C.I. = -0.411 to 0.083
99% C.I. = -0.473 to 0.156
RATIO [A:B] = 0.810 S.E. of log ratio = 0.140
Traditional (log-transformation) method:
90% C. I. = 0.64 to 1.02
95% C. I. = 0.62 to 1.06
99% C. I. = 0.57 to 1.16
Zou-Donner method:
90% C.I. = 0.62 to 1.02
95% C.I. = 0.58 to 1.07
99% C.I. = 0.51 to 1.19
Low-bias estimator of ratio in population = 0.806
ODDS RATIO = 0.27 [reciprocal = 3.71]
Fisher's exact confidence intervals:
90%: 0.04 to 1.43
95%: 0.02 to 1.81
99%: 0.01 to 2.89
Mid-P exact confidence intervals:
90%: 0.05 to 1.16
95%: 0.03 to 1.50
 99%: 0.01 to 2.45
Cornfield's confidence intervals:
90%: 0.04 to 1.44 (approx. C.I.)
95%: 0.03 to 1.80 (approx. C.I.)
99%: 0.02 to 2.73 (approx. C.I.)
S.E. of log O.R. = 0.811
Low-bias indicator of O.R. in the population = 0.22
Adjusted O.R. (0.5 added in each cell) = 0.31
Yule's Q = -0.57 Phi = -0.23
Lambda (for prediction of Yes-No distribution) = 0.00
(for prediction of A-B distribution) = 0.17
INVERSE SAMPLING
The following results are applicable if, in each group
(A and B), subjects were added until a prespecified
number of subjects with "Yes" were found.
Large-sample test: one-tailed P = 0.060
two-tailed P = 0.121
DIFFERENCE [A minus B] = -0.174
S.E. = 0.118
Unbiased estimate = -0.182
Confidence intervals:
90% conf. interval = -0.372 to 0.008
95% conf. interval = -0.409 to 0.045
99% conf. interval = -0.480 to 0.116
RATIO (A:B) = 0.810
Unbiased estimate = 0.797
Alternative confidence intervals:
90% conf. interval = 0.643 to 1.018
or 0.466 to 1.382*
95% conf. interval = 0.616 to 1.064
or 0.418 to 1.533*
99% conf. interval = 0.565 to 1.160
or 0.337 to 1.881*
* May be preferable if the numbers or proportions
of cases (subjects with "Yes") are small.
ODDS RATIO = 0.27 [reciprocal = 3.71]
90% C.I. = 0.07 to 1.11
95% C.I. = 0.05 to 1.46
99% C.I. = 0.03 to 2.47

--------------------
DATA:
A: Yes, 17 No, 6 Denominator, 23
B: Yes, 21 No, 2 Denominator, 23
RESULTS:
Proportions (of "Yes"): A, 0.7391 B, 0.9130
If inverse sampling was used,
see results at end of output.
[Campbell (2007) recommends use of Upton's chi-square
(the "N-1" chi-square) for this table, where no cell has
an expected value less than 1.]
Upton's "N - 1" chi-sq. = 2.368 P = 0.124
Pearson's chi-square = 2.421 P = 0.120
with Yates's correction = 1.362 P = 0.243
Haber's adjusted chi-sq. = 2.421 P = 0.120
WARNING: 2 cells have an expected frequency of <5.
Log-likelihood chi-square = 2.515 P = 0.113
with Yates's correction = 1.390 P = 0.238
DIFFERENCE [A minus B] = -0.174 S.E. = 0.109
Large-sample method (Fleiss), continuity-corrected:
90% C.I. = -0.396 to 0.049
95% C.I. = -0.431 to 0.083
99% C.I. = -0.498 to 0.150
Wilson's score method:
Not continuity-corrected (Newcombe's method 10):
90% C.I. = -0.353 to 0.014
95% C.I. = -0.387 to 0.052
99% C.I. = -0.451 to 0.127
Continuity-corrected (Newcombe's method 11):
90% C.I. = -0.378 to 0.045
95% C.I. = -0.411 to 0.083
99% C.I. = -0.473 to 0.156
RATIO [A:B] = 0.810 S.E. of log ratio = 0.140
Traditional (log-transformation) method:
90% C. I. = 0.64 to 1.02
95% C. I. = 0.62 to 1.06
99% C. I. = 0.57 to 1.16
Zou-Donner method:
90% C.I. = 0.62 to 1.02
95% C.I. = 0.58 to 1.07
99% C.I. = 0.51 to 1.19
Low-bias estimator of ratio in population = 0.806
ODDS RATIO = 0.27 [reciprocal = 3.71]
Cornfield's confidence intervals:
90%: 0.04 to 1.44 (approx. C.I.)
95%: 0.03 to 1.80 (approx. C.I.)
99%: 0.02 to 2.73 (approx. C.I.)
S.E. of log O.R. = 0.811
Low-bias indicator of O.R. in the population = 0.22
Adjusted O.R. (0.5 added in each cell) = 0.31
Yule's Q = -0.57 Phi = -0.23
Lambda (for prediction of Yes-No distribution) = 0.00
(for prediction of A-B distribution) = 0.17
INVERSE SAMPLING
The following results are applicable if, in each group
(A and B), subjects were added until a prespecified
number of subjects with "Yes" were found.
Large-sample test: one-tailed P = 0.060
two-tailed P = 0.121
DIFFERENCE [A minus B] = -0.174
S.E. = 0.118
 Unbiased estimate = -0.182
Confidence intervals:
90% conf. interval = -0.372 to 0.008
95% conf. interval = -0.409 to 0.045
99% conf. interval = -0.480 to 0.116
RATIO (A:B) = 0.810
Unbiased estimate = 0.797
Alternative confidence intervals:
90% conf. interval = 0.643 to 1.018
or 0.466 to 1.382*
95% conf. interval = 0.616 to 1.064
or 0.418 to 1.533*
99% conf. interval = 0.565 to 1.160
or 0.337 to 1.881*
* May be preferable if the numbers or proportions
of cases (subjects with "Yes") are small.
ODDS RATIO = 0.27 [reciprocal = 3.71]
90% C.I. = 0.07 to 1.11
95% C.I. = 0.05 to 1.46
99% C.I. = 0.03 to 2.47

========================================
WHATIS Version 4.29
Tuesday, 27th May 2008, 0:29.
========================================
--------------------------------
CONFIDENCE INTERVALS: Proportion
--------------------------------
DATA:
Numerator = 41 Denominator = 46
Proportion = 0.8913
RESULTS:
Fisher's 90% C.I. = 0.7849 to 0.9562
Fisher's 95% C.I. = 0.7643 to 0.9638
Fisher's 99% C.I. = 0.7215 to 0.9758

--------------------
DATA:
Numerator = 5 Denominator = 46
Proportion = 0.1087
RESULTS:
Fisher's 90% C.I. = 0.0438 to 0.2151
Fisher's 95% C.I. = 0.0362 to 0.2357
Fisher's 99% C.I. = 0.0242 to 0.2785

--------------------
DATA:
Numerator = 13 Denominator = 14
Proportion = 0.9286
RESULTS:
Fisher's 90% C.I. = 0.7033 to 0.9963
Fisher's 95% C.I. = 0.6613 to 0.9982
Fisher's 99% C.I. = 0.5752 to 0.9996

--------------------
DATA:
Numerator = 1 Denominator = 14
Proportion = 0.0714
RESULTS:
Fisher's 90% C.I. = 0.0037 to 0.2967
Fisher's 95% C.I. = 0.0018 to 0.3387
Fisher's 99% C.I. = 0.0004 to 0.4248

--------------------
DATA:
Numerator = 16 Denominator = 21
Proportion = 0.7619
RESULTS:
Fisher's 90% C.I. = 0.5631 to 0.9012
Fisher's 95% C.I. = 0.5283 to 0.9178
Fisher's 99% C.I. = 0.4604 to 0.9447

--------------------
DATA:
Numerator = 5 Denominator = 21
Proportion = 0.2381
RESULTS:
Fisher's 90% C.I. = 0.0988 to 0.4369
Fisher's 95% C.I. = 0.0822 to 0.4717
Fisher's 99% C.I. = 0.0553 to 0.5396

--------------------
DATA:
Numerator = 21 Denominator = 28
Proportion = 0.7500
RESULTS:
Fisher's 90% C.I. = 0.5813 to 0.8763
Fisher's 95% C.I. = 0.5513 to 0.8931
Fisher's 99% C.I. = 0.4922 to 0.9214

--------------------
DATA:
Numerator = 7 Denominator = 28
Proportion = 0.2500
RESULTS:
Fisher's 90% C.I. = 0.1237 to 0.4187
Fisher's 95% C.I. = 0.1069 to 0.4487
Fisher's 99% C.I. = 0.0786 to 0.5078

========================================
WHATIS Version 4.29
Tuesday, 27th May 2008, 7:44.
========================================
--------------------------------
CONFIDENCE INTERVALS: Proportion
--------------------------------
DATA:
Numerator = 11 Denominator = 44
Proportion = 0.2500
RESULTS:
Fisher's 90% C.I. = 0.1469 to 0.3797
Fisher's 95% C.I. = 0.1319 to 0.4034
Fisher's 99% C.I. = 0.1053 to 0.4504

--------------------
DATA:
Numerator = 33 Denominator = 44
Proportion = 0.7500
RESULTS:
Fisher's 90% C.I. = 0.6203 to 0.8531
Fisher's 95% C.I. = 0.5966 to 0.8681
Fisher's 99% C.I. = 0.5496 to 0.8947

--------------------
DATA:
Numerator = 57 Denominator = 99
Proportion = 0.5758
RESULTS:
Fisher's 90% C.I. = 0.4881 to 0.6599
Fisher's 95% C.I. = 0.4723 to 0.6745
Fisher's 99% C.I. = 0.4416 to 0.7024

--------------------
DATA:
Numerator = 42 Denominator = 99
Proportion = 0.4242
RESULTS:
Fisher's 90% C.I. = 0.3401 to 0.5119
Fisher's 95% C.I. = 0.3255 to 0.5277
Fisher's 99% C.I. = 0.2976 to 0.5584
--------------------
DATA:
Numerator = 5 Denominator = 35
Proportion = 0.1429
RESULTS:
Fisher's 90% C.I. = 0.0580 to 0.2772
Fisher's 95% C.I. = 0.0481 to 0.3026
Fisher's 99% C.I. = 0.0322 to 0.3545

--------------------
DATA:
Numerator = 30 Denominator = 35
Proportion = 0.8571
RESULTS:
Fisher's 90% C.I. = 0.7228 to 0.9420
Fisher's 95% C.I. = 0.6974 to 0.9519
Fisher's 99% C.I. = 0.6455 to 0.9678

--------------------
DATA:
Numerator = 12 Denominator = 35
Proportion = 0.3429
RESULTS:
Fisher's 90% C.I. = 0.2112 to 0.4955
Fisher's 95% C.I. = 0.1913 to 0.5221
Fisher's 99% C.I. = 0.1556 to 0.5737

--------------------
DATA:
Numerator = 23 Denominator = 35
Proportion = 0.6571
RESULTS:
Fisher's 90% C.I. = 0.5045 to 0.7888
Fisher's 95% C.I. = 0.4779 to 0.8087
Fisher's 99% C.I. = 0.4263 to 0.8444

========================================
COMPARE2 Version 1.78
Wednesday, 28th May 2008, 0:28.
========================================
----------------------------
Proportions or a 2 x 2 table
----------------------------
DATA:
A: Yes, 41 No, 5 Denominator, 46
B: Yes, 13 No, 1 Denominator, 14
RESULTS:
Proportions (of "Yes"): A, 0.8913 B, 0.9286
If inverse sampling was used,
see results at end of output.
[Campbell (2007) recommends use of Upton's chi-square
(the "N-1" chi-square) for this table, where no cell has
an expected value less than 1.]
Upton's "N - 1" chi-sq. = 0.163 P = 0.687
Pearson's chi-square = 0.166 P = 0.684
with Yates's correction = 0.000 P = 1.000
Haber's adjusted chi-sq. = 0.000 P = 1.000
WARNING: 2 cells have an expected frequency of <5.
Log-likelihood chi-square = 0.177 P = 0.674
with Yates's correction = 0.010 P = 0.920
DIFFERENCE [A minus B] = -0.037 S.E. = 0.083
Large-sample method (Fleiss), continuity-corrected:
90% C.I. = -0.220 to 0.145
95% C.I. = -0.246 to 0.171
99% C.I. = -0.297 to 0.222
Wilson's score method:
Not continuity-corrected (Newcombe's method 10):
90% C.I. = -0.150 to 0.164
95% C.I. = -0.172 to 0.214
99% C.I. = -0.219 to 0.309
Continuity-corrected (Newcombe's method 11):
90% C.I. = -0.167 to 0.210
95% C.I. = -0.188 to 0.258
99% C.I. = -0.233 to 0.349
RATIO [A:B] = 0.960 S.E. of log ratio = 0.090
Traditional (log-transformation) method:
90% C. I. = 0.83 to 1.11
95% C. I. = 0.80 to 1.15
99% C. I. = 0.76 to 1.21
Zou-Donner method:
90% C.I. = 0.84 to 1.22
95% C.I. = 0.82 to 1.31
99% C.I. = 0.77 to 1.52
Low-bias estimator of ratio in population = 0.955
ODDS RATIO = 0.63 [reciprocal = 1.59]
Cornfield's confidence intervals:
90%: 0.03 to 5.14 (approx. C.I.)
95%: 0.03 to 6.62 (approx. C.I.)
99%: 0.02 to 10.44 (approx. C.I.)
S.E. of log O.R. = 0.973
Low-bias indicator of O.R. in the population = 0.49
Adjusted O.R. (0.5 added in each cell) = 0.84
Yule's Q = -0.23 Phi = -0.05
Lambda (for prediction of Yes-No distribution) = 0.00
(for prediction of A-B distribution) = 0.00
INVERSE SAMPLING
The following results are applicable if, in each group
(A and B), subjects were added until a prespecified
number of subjects with "Yes" were found.
Large-sample test: one-tailed P = 0.275
two-tailed P = 0.550
DIFFERENCE [A minus B] = -0.037
S.E. = 0.098
Unbiased estimate = -0.034
Confidence intervals:
90% conf. interval = -0.183 to 0.114
95% conf. interval = -0.211 to 0.143
99% conf. interval = -0.267 to 0.199
RATIO (A:B) = 0.960
Unbiased estimate = 0.957
Alternative confidence intervals:
90% conf. interval = 0.827 to 1.113
or 0.589 to 1.703*
95% conf. interval = 0.804 to 1.146
or 0.536 to 1.908*
99% conf. interval = 0.761 to 1.211
or 0.448 to 2.403*
* May be preferable if the numbers or proportions
of cases (subjects with "Yes") are small.
ODDS RATIO = 0.63 [reciprocal = 1.59]
90% C.I. = 0.10 to 3.88
95% C.I. = 0.07 to 5.49
99% C.I. = 0.04 to 10.85

--------------------
DATA:
A: Yes, 13 No, 1 Denominator, 14
B: Yes, 1 No, 13 Denominator, 14
RESULTS:
Proportions (of "Yes"): A, 0.9286 B, 0.0714
If inverse sampling was used,
see results at end of output.
[Campbell (2007) recommends use of Upton's chi-square
(the "N-1" chi-square) for this table, where no cell has
an expected value less than 1.]
Upton's "N - 1" chi-sq. = 19.837 P = 0.000 [ 8.4E-6 ]
Pearson's chi-square = 20.571 P = 0.000 [ 5.7E-6 ]
with Yates's correction = 17.286 P = 0.000 [ 3.2E-5 ]
Haber's adjusted chi-sq. = 20.571 P = 0.000 [ 5.7E-6 ]
Log-likelihood chi-square = 24.406 P = 0.000 [ 7.8E-7 ]
with Yates's correction = 19.748 P = 0.000 [ 8.8E-6 ]
DIFFERENCE [A minus B] = 0.857 S.E. = 0.097
Large-sample method (Fleiss), continuity-corrected:
90% C.I. = 0.626 to 1.000
95% C.I. = 0.595 to 1.000
99% C.I. = 0.535 to 1.000
Wilson's score method:
 Not continuity-corrected (Newcombe's method 10):
90% C.I. = 0.583 to 0.935
95% C.I. = 0.513 to 0.940
99% C.I. = 0.378 to 0.946
Continuity-corrected (Newcombe's method 11):
90% C.I. = 0.519 to 0.951
95% C.I. = 0.451 to 0.953
99% C.I. = 0.322 to 0.955
RATIO [A:B] = 13.000 S.E. of log ratio = 0.966
Traditional (log-transformation) method:
90% C. I. = 2.65 to 63.73
95% C. I. = 1.96 to 86.42
99% C. I. = 1.08 to 156.71
Zou-Donner method:
90% C.I. = 3.42 to 57.74
95% C.I. = 2.86 to 73.07
99% C.I. = 2.14 to 110.10
Low-bias estimator of ratio in population = 6.964
ODDS RATIO = 169.00 [reciprocal = 0.005917]
Cornfield's confidence intervals:
90%: 10.04 to 15347.29 (approx. C.I.)
95%: 7.17 to 24623.60 (approx. C.I.)
99%: 3.86 to 56037.39 (approx. C.I.)
S.E. of log O.R. = 1.217
Low-bias indicator of O.R. in the population = 42.25
Adjusted O.R. (0.5 added in each cell) = 81.00
Yule's Q = 0.99 Phi = 0.86
Lambda (for prediction of Yes-No distribution) = 0.86
(for prediction of A-B distribution) = 0.86
INVERSE SAMPLING
The following results are applicable if, in each group
(A and B), subjects were added until a prespecified
number of subjects with "Yes" were found.
Large-sample test: one-tailed P = 0.000 [ 7.4E-6 ]
two-tailed P = 0.000 [ 1.5E-5 ]
DIFFERENCE [A minus B] = 0.857
S.E. = 0.204
Unbiased estimate = 0.923
Confidence intervals:
90% conf. interval = 0.797 to 1.000
95% conf. interval = 0.772 to 1.000
99% conf. interval = 0.725 to 1.000
RATIO (A:B) = 13.000
Unbiased estimate = 12.923
Alternative confidence intervals:
90% conf. interval = 2.652 to 63.730
or 3.859 to 252.945*
95% conf. interval = 1.956 to 86.418
or 3.048 to 512.973*
99% conf. interval = 1.078 to 156.713
or 1.980 to 2593.018*
* May be preferable if the numbers or proportions
of cases (subjects with "Yes") are small.
 ODDS RATIO = 169.00 [reciprocal = 0.005917]
90% C.I. = 16.51 to 1730.34
95% C.I. = 10.57 to 2701.89
99% C.I. = 4.42 to 6455.39

--------------------
DATA:
A: Yes, 16 No, 5 Denominator, 21
B: Yes, 21 No, 7 Denominator, 28
RESULTS:
Proportions (of "Yes"): A, 0.7619 B, 0.7500
If inverse sampling was used,
see results at end of output.
[Campbell (2007) recommends use of Upton's chi-square
(the "N-1" chi-square) for this table, where no cell has
an expected value less than 1.]
Upton's "N - 1" chi-sq. = 0.009 P = 0.924
Pearson's chi-square = 0.009 P = 0.924
with Yates's correction = 0.000 P = 1.000
Haber's adjusted chi-sq. = 0.000 P = 1.000
Log-likelihood chi-square = 0.009 P = 0.924
with Yates's correction = 0.057 P = 0.811
DIFFERENCE [A minus B] = 0.012 S.E. = 0.124
Large-sample method (Fleiss), continuity-corrected:
90% C.I. = -0.233 to 0.257
95% C.I. = -0.272 to 0.296
99% C.I. = -0.349 to 0.373
Wilson's score method:
Not continuity-corrected (Newcombe's method 10):
90% C.I. = -0.196 to 0.204
95% C.I. = -0.234 to 0.238
99% C.I. = -0.305 to 0.300
Continuity-corrected (Newcombe's method 11):
90% C.I. = -0.224 to 0.229
95% C.I. = -0.262 to 0.262
99% C.I. = -0.331 to 0.322
RATIO [A:B] = 1.016 S.E. of log ratio = 0.164
Traditional (log-transformation) method:
90% C. I. = 0.78 to 1.33
95% C. I. = 0.74 to 1.40
99% C. I. = 0.67 to 1.55
Zou-Donner method:
90% C.I. = 0.76 to 1.33
95% C.I. = 0.71 to 1.40
99% C.I. = 0.62 to 1.57
Low-bias estimator of ratio in population = 1.004
ODDS RATIO = 1.07 [reciprocal = 0.94]
Cornfield's confidence intervals:
90%: 0.29 to 3.99
95%: 0.24 to 4.84 (approx. C.I.)
99%: 0.17 to 6.91 (approx. C.I.)
 S.E. of log O.R. = 0.650
Low-bias indicator of O.R. in the population = 0.85
Adjusted O.R. (0.5 added in each cell) = 1.05
Yule's Q = 0.03 Phi = 0.01
Lambda (for prediction of Yes-No distribution) = 0.00
(for prediction of A-B distribution) = 0.00
INVERSE SAMPLING
The following results are applicable if, in each group
(A and B), subjects were added until a prespecified
number of subjects with "Yes" were found.
Large-sample test: one-tailed P = 0.299
two-tailed P = 0.598
DIFFERENCE [A minus B] = 0.012
S.E. = 0.131
Unbiased estimate = 0.009
Confidence intervals:
90% conf. interval = -0.207 to 0.225
95% conf. interval = -0.248 to 0.267
99% conf. interval = -0.329 to 0.348
RATIO (A:B) = 1.016
Unbiased estimate = 1.000
Alternative confidence intervals:
90% conf. interval = 0.776 to 1.330
or 0.577 to 1.745*
95% conf. interval = 0.737 to 1.400
or 0.517 to 1.938*
99% conf. interval = 0.666 to 1.549
or 0.414 to 2.384*
* May be preferable if the numbers or proportions
of cases (subjects with "Yes") are small.
ODDS RATIO = 1.07 [reciprocal = 0.94]
90% C.I. = 0.36 to 3.15
95% C.I. = 0.29 to 3.88
99% C.I. = 0.20 to 5.82

--------------------
DATA:
A: Yes, 11 No, 33 Denominator, 44
B: Yes, 60 No, 44 Denominator, 104
RESULTS:
Proportions (of "Yes"): A, 0.2500 B, 0.5769
If inverse sampling was used,
see results at end of output.
[Campbell (2007) recommends use of Upton's chi-square
(the "N-1" chi-square) for this table, where no cell has
an expected value less than 1.]
Upton's "N - 1" chi-sq. = 13.151 P = 0.000 [ 2.9E-4 ]
Pearson's chi-square = 13.240 P = 0.000 [ 2.7E-4 ]
with Yates's correction = 11.963 P = 0.001 [ 5.4E-4 ]
Haber's adjusted chi-sq. = 12.958 P = 0.000 [ 3.2E-4 ]
Log-likelihood chi-square = 13.739 P = 0.000 [ 2.1E-4 ]
with Yates's correction = 12.371 P = 0.000 [ 4.4E-4 ]
DIFFERENCE [A minus B] = -0.327 S.E. = 0.081
Large-sample method (Fleiss), continuity-corrected:
90% C.I. = -0.477 to -0.177
95% C.I. = -0.502 to -0.151
99% C.I. = -0.552 to -0.101
Wilson's score method:
Not continuity-corrected (Newcombe's method 10):
90% C.I. = -0.446 to -0.183
95% C.I. = -0.465 to -0.154
99% C.I. = -0.500 to -0.097
Continuity-corrected (Newcombe's method 11):
90% C.I. = -0.456 to -0.170
95% C.I. = -0.475 to -0.141
99% C.I. = -0.508 to -0.084
RATIO [A:B] = 0.433 S.E. of log ratio = 0.274
Traditional (log-transformation) method:
90% C. I. = 0.28 to 0.68
95% C. I. = 0.25 to 0.74
99% C. I. = 0.21 to 0.88
Zou-Donner method:
90% C.I. = 0.27 to 0.66
95% C.I. = 0.25 to 0.71
99% C.I. = 0.21 to 0.81
Low-bias estimator of ratio in population = 0.430
ODDS RATIO = 0.24 [reciprocal = 4.09]
Cornfield's confidence intervals:
90%: 0.12 to 0.51
95%: 0.10 to 0.57
99%: 0.08 to 0.72
S.E. of log O.R. = 0.395
Low-bias indicator of O.R. in the population = 0.23
Adjusted O.R. (0.5 added in each cell) = 0.25
Yule's Q = -0.61 Phi = -0.30
Lambda (for prediction of Yes-No distribution) = 0.23
(for prediction of A-B distribution) = 0.00
INVERSE SAMPLING
The following results are applicable if, in each group
(A and B), subjects were added until a prespecified
number of subjects with "Yes" were found.
Large-sample test: one-tailed P = 0.000 [ 1.0E-4 ]
two-tailed P = 0.000 [ 2.0E-4 ]
DIFFERENCE [A minus B] = -0.327
S.E. = 0.092
Unbiased estimate = -0.340
Confidence intervals:
90% conf. interval = -0.474 to -0.206
95% conf. interval = -0.500 to -0.180
99% conf. interval = -0.550 to -0.130
RATIO (A:B) = 0.433
 Unbiased estimate = 0.403
Alternative confidence intervals:
90% conf. interval = 0.276 to 0.680
or 0.236 to 0.707*
95% conf. interval = 0.253 to 0.742
or 0.209 to 0.776*
99% conf. interval = 0.214 to 0.878
or 0.163 to 0.926*
* May be preferable if the numbers or proportions
of cases (subjects with "Yes") are small.
ODDS RATIO = 0.24 [reciprocal = 4.09]
90% C.I. = 0.13 to 0.47
95% C.I. = 0.11 to 0.53
99% C.I. = 0.09 to 0.68

--------------------
DATA:
A: Yes, 5 No, 30 Denominator, 35
B: Yes, 12 No, 23 Denominator, 35
RESULTS:
Proportions (of "Yes"): A, 0.1429 B, 0.3429
If inverse sampling was used,
see results at end of output.
[Campbell (2007) recommends use of Upton's chi-square
(the "N-1" chi-square) for this table, where no cell has
an expected value less than 1.]
Upton's "N - 1" chi-sq. = 3.752 P = 0.053
Pearson's chi-square = 3.807 P = 0.051
with Yates's correction = 2.797 P = 0.094
Haber's adjusted chi-sq. = 3.807 P = 0.051
Log-likelihood chi-square = 3.897 P = 0.048
with Yates's correction = 2.845 P = 0.092
DIFFERENCE [A minus B] = -0.200 S.E. = 0.100
Large-sample method (Fleiss), continuity-corrected:
90% C.I. = -0.393 to -0.007
95% C.I. = -0.424 to 0.024
99% C.I. = -0.485 to 0.085
Wilson's score method:
Not continuity-corrected (Newcombe's method 10):
90% C.I. = -0.356 to -0.031
95% C.I. = -0.384 to 0.002
99% C.I. = -0.436 to 0.066
Continuity-corrected (Newcombe's method 11):
90% C.I. = -0.373 to -0.010
95% C.I. = -0.401 to 0.022
99% C.I. = -0.451 to 0.085
RATIO [A:B] = 0.417 S.E. of log ratio = 0.476
Traditional (log-transformation) method:
90% C. I. = 0.19 to 0.91
95% C. I. = 0.16 to 1.06
99% C. I. = 0.12 to 1.42
Zou-Donner method:
 90% C.I. = 0.19 to 0.88
95% C.I. = 0.17 to 1.00
99% C.I. = 0.13 to 1.27
Low-bias estimator of ratio in population = 0.396
ODDS RATIO = 0.32 [reciprocal = 3.13]
Cornfield's confidence intervals:
90%: 0.10 to 0.98
95%: 0.08 to 1.17 (approx. C.I.)
99%: 0.06 to 1.63 (approx. C.I.)
S.E. of log O.R. = 0.581
Low-bias indicator of O.R. in the population = 0.29
Adjusted O.R. (0.5 added in each cell) = 0.34
Yule's Q = -0.52 Phi = -0.23
Lambda (for prediction of Yes-No distribution) = 0.00
(for prediction of A-B distribution) = 0.20
INVERSE SAMPLING
The following results are applicable if, in each group
(A and B), subjects were added until a prespecified
number of subjects with "Yes" were found.
Large-sample test: one-tailed P = 0.022
two-tailed P = 0.044
DIFFERENCE [A minus B] = -0.200
S.E. = 0.104
Unbiased estimate = -0.206
Confidence intervals:
90% conf. interval = -0.369 to -0.043
95% conf. interval = -0.400 to -0.012
99% conf. interval = -0.461 to 0.049
RATIO (A:B) = 0.417
Unbiased estimate = 0.343
Alternative confidence intervals:
90% conf. interval = 0.191 to 0.911
or 0.152 to 0.939*
95% conf. interval = 0.164 to 1.058
or 0.124 to 1.100*
99% conf. interval = 0.122 to 1.418
or 0.081 to 1.498*
* May be preferable if the numbers or proportions
of cases (subjects with "Yes") are small.
ODDS RATIO = 0.32 [reciprocal = 3.13]
90% C.I. = 0.12 to 0.85
95% C.I. = 0.10 to 1.02
99% C.I. = 0.07 to 1.47

========================================
COMPARE2 Version 1.78
Tuesday, 29th July 2008, 5:48.
========================================
----------------------------
Proportions or a 2 x 2 table
----------------------------
DATA:
A: Yes, 20 No, 80 Denominator, 100
B: Yes, 80 No, 25 Denominator, 105
RESULTS:
Proportions (of "Yes"): A, 0.2000 B, 0.7619
If inverse sampling was used,
see results at end of output.
[Campbell (2007) recommends use of Upton's chi-square
(the "N-1" chi-square) for this table, where no cell has
an expected value less than 1.]
Upton's "N - 1" chi-sq. = 64.410 P = 0.000 [ 1.0E-15 ]
Pearson's chi-square = 64.726 P = 0.000 [ 8.6E-16 ]
with Yates's correction = 62.497 P = 0.000 [ 2.7E-15 ]
Haber's adjusted chi-sq. = 63.471 P = 0.000 [ 1.6E-15 ]
Log-likelihood chi-square = 68.724 P = 0.000 [ 1.1E-16 ]
with Yates's correction = 66.203 P = 0.000 [ 4.1E-16 ]
DIFFERENCE [A minus B] = -0.562 S.E. = 0.058
Large-sample method (Fleiss), continuity-corrected:
90% C.I. = -0.667 to -0.457
95% C.I. = -0.685 to -0.439
99% C.I. = -0.720 to -0.404
Wilson's score method:
Not continuity-corrected (Newcombe's method 10):
90% C.I. = -0.646 to -0.457
95% C.I. = -0.659 to -0.436
99% C.I. = -0.684 to -0.392
Continuity-corrected (Newcombe's method 11):
90% C.I. = -0.652 to -0.450
95% C.I. = -0.665 to -0.428
99% C.I. = -0.689 to -0.384
RATIO [A:B] = 0.263 S.E. of log ratio = 0.207
Traditional (log-transformation) method:
90% C. I. = 0.19 to 0.37
95% C. I. = 0.17 to 0.39
99% C. I. = 0.15 to 0.45
Zou-Donner method:
90% C.I. = 0.19 to 0.36
95% C.I. = 0.17 to 0.39
99% C.I. = 0.15 to 0.43
Low-bias estimator of ratio in population = 0.262
ODDS RATIO = 0.08 [reciprocal = 12.80]
Cornfield's confidence intervals:
90%: 0.04 to 0.14
95%: 0.04 to 0.16
99%: 0.03 to 0.20
S.E. of log O.R. = 0.336
Low-bias indicator of O.R. in the population = 0.08
Adjusted O.R. (0.5 added in each cell) = 0.08
Yule's Q = -0.86 Phi = -0.56
Lambda (for prediction of Yes-No distribution) = 0.55
 (for prediction of A-B distribution) = 0.55
INVERSE SAMPLING
The following results are applicable if, in each group
(A and B), subjects were added until a prespecified
number of subjects with "Yes" were found.
Large-sample test: one-tailed P = 0.000 [ 6.4E-16 ]
two-tailed P = 0.000 [ 1.3E-15 ]
DIFFERENCE [A minus B] = -0.562
S.E. = 0.071
Unbiased estimate = -0.568
Confidence intervals:
90% conf. interval = -0.663 to -0.472
95% conf. interval = -0.681 to -0.454
99% conf. interval = -0.717 to -0.418
RATIO (A:B) = 0.263
Unbiased estimate = 0.252
Alternative confidence intervals:
90% conf. interval = 0.187 to 0.369
or 0.168 to 0.386*
95% conf. interval = 0.175 to 0.394
or 0.154 to 0.415*
99% conf. interval = 0.154 to 0.448
or 0.129 to 0.478*
* May be preferable if the numbers or proportions
of cases (subjects with "Yes") are small.
ODDS RATIO = 0.08 [reciprocal = 12.80]
90% C.I. = 0.04 to 0.14
95% C.I. = 0.04 to 0.15
99% C.I. = 0.03 to 0.19

========================================
COMPARE2 Version 1.78
Wednesday, 18th June 2008, 11:18.
========================================
----------------------------
Proportions or a 2 x 2 table
----------------------------
DATA:
A: Yes, 2511 No, 10871 Denominator, 13382
B: Yes, 320 No, 1216 Denominator, 1536
RESULTS:
Proportions (of "Yes"): A, 0.1876 B, 0.2083
If inverse sampling was used,
see results at end of output.
[Campbell (2007) recommends use of Upton's chi-square
(the "N-1" chi-square) for this table, where no cell has
an expected value less than 1.]
Upton's "N - 1" chi-sq. = 3.837 P = 0.050
Pearson's chi-square = 3.837 P = 0.050
with Yates's correction = 3.704 P = 0.054
Haber's adjusted chi-sq. = 3.834 P = 0.050
Log-likelihood chi-square = 3.757 P = 0.053
with Yates's correction = 3.627 P = 0.057
DIFFERENCE [A minus B] = -0.021 S.E. = 0.011
Large-sample method (Fleiss), continuity-corrected:
90% C.I. = -0.039 to -0.002
95% C.I. = -0.042 to 0.001
99% C.I. = -0.049 to 0.008
Wilson's score method:
Not continuity-corrected (Newcombe's method 10):
90% C.I. = -0.039 to -0.003
95% C.I. = -0.043 to -0.000
99% C.I. = -0.050 to 0.006
Continuity-corrected (Newcombe's method 11):
90% C.I. = -0.039 to -0.003
95% C.I. = -0.043 to 0.000
99% C.I. = -0.050 to 0.007
RATIO [A:B] = 0.901 S.E. of log ratio = 0.053
Traditional (log-transformation) method:
90% C. I. = 0.83 to 0.98
95% C. I. = 0.81 to 1.00
99% C. I. = 0.79 to 1.03
Zou-Donner method:
90% C.I. = 0.83 to 0.98
95% C.I. = 0.81 to 1.00
99% C.I. = 0.79 to 1.03
Low-bias estimator of ratio in population = 0.898
ODDS RATIO = 0.88 [reciprocal = 1.14]
Cornfield's confidence intervals:
90%: 0.78 to 0.98
95%: 0.77 to 1.00
99%: 0.74 to 1.04
S.E. of log O.R. = 0.067
Low-bias indicator of O.R. in the population = 0.87
Adjusted O.R. (0.5 added in each cell) = 0.88
Yule's Q = -0.07 Phi = -0.02
Lambda (for prediction of Yes-No distribution) = 0.00
(for prediction of A-B distribution) = 0.00
INVERSE SAMPLING
The following results are applicable if, in each group
(A and B), subjects were added until a prespecified
number of subjects with "Yes" were found.
Large-sample test: one-tailed P = 0.015
two-tailed P = 0.030
DIFFERENCE [A minus B] = -0.021
S.E. = 0.011
Unbiased estimate = -0.020
Confidence intervals:
90% conf. interval = -0.038 to -0.002
95% conf. interval = -0.042 to 0.001
99% conf. interval = -0.048 to 0.008
RATIO (A:B) = 0.901
Unbiased estimate = 0.900
 Alternative confidence intervals:
90% conf. interval = 0.826 to 0.983
or 0.819 to 0.995*
95% conf. interval = 0.812 to 0.999
or 0.804 to 1.015*
99% conf. interval = 0.786 to 1.032
or 0.776 to 1.054*
* May be preferable if the numbers or proportions
of cases (subjects with "Yes") are small.
ODDS RATIO = 0.88 [reciprocal = 1.14]
90% C.I. = 0.79 to 0.98
95% C.I. = 0.77 to 1.00
99% C.I. = 0.74 to 1.04

========================================
DESCRIBE Version 1.88
Friday, 20th June 2008, 10:51.
========================================
-----------
Sample size
-----------
DATA:
To estimate a rate
Confidence level = 95%
Acceptable diff. = 33 per 1000
Assumed rate = 33 per 1000
RESULTS:
REQUIRED SAMPLE SIZE = 113 if the rate is 33 per 1000.
A size of 264 will yield a C.I. up to 66 per 1000
wide if the observed rate is near or under 300 per

--------------------
DATA:
To estimate a rate
Confidence level = 95%
Acceptable diff. = 33 per 1000
Assumed rate = 330 per 1000
RESULTS:
REQUIRED SAMPLE SIZE = 780 if the rate is 330 per 1000.
A size of 911 will yield a C.I. up to 66 per 1000
wide if the observed rate is between 300 and 700.

========================================
DESCRIBE Version 1.88
Friday, 18th December 2009, 16:26.
========================================
-----------
Sample size
-----------
DATA:
To estimate a rate
Confidence level = 95%
Acceptable diff. = 25 per 1000
Assumed rate = 30 per 1000
Size of population = 832
Expected loss of subjects = 24%
RESULTS:
REQUIRED SAMPLE SIZE = 194 if the rate is 30 per 1000.
[Inflated to compensate for loss of 24% of subjects]
A size of 344 will yield a C.I. up to 50 per 1000
wide if the observed rate is near or under 300 per
[Inflated to compensate for loss of 24% of subjects]

--------------------
DATA:
To estimate a rate
Confidence level = 95%
Acceptable diff. = 25 per 1000
Assumed rate = 30 per 1000
Size of population = 832
Expected loss of subjects = 1%
RESULTS:
REQUIRED SAMPLE SIZE = 149 if the rate is 30 per 1000.
[Inflated to compensate for loss of 1% of subjects]
A size of 264 will yield a C.I. up to 50 per 1000
wide if the observed rate is near or under 300 per
[Inflated to compensate for loss of 1% of subjects]

--------------------
DATA:
To estimate a rate
Confidence level = 95%
Acceptable diff. = 25 per 1000
Assumed rate = 832 per 1000
Size of population = 832
Expected loss of subjects = 1%
RESULTS:
REQUIRED SAMPLE SIZE = 428 if the rate is 832 per 1000.
[Inflated to compensate for loss of 1% of subjects]
A size of 459 will yield a C.I. up to 50 per 1000
wide if the observed rate is near or over 700 per
[Inflated to compensate for loss of 1% of subjects]

--------------------
DATA:
To estimate a proportion
Confidence level = 95%
Acceptable difference = 0.05
Assumed proportion = 0.05
Size of population = 832
Expected loss of subjects = 1%
RESULTS:
REQUIRED SAMPLE SIZE = 68 if the proportion is 0.05.
[Inflated to compensate for loss of 1% of subjects]
A sample size of 141 will yield a C.I. up to 0.10 wide
if the observed proportion is near or under 0.3.
[Inflated to compensate for loss of 1% of subjects]

========================================
COMPARE2 Version 1.78
Friday, 18th December 2009, 16:32.
========================================
----------------------------
Proportions or a 2 x 2 table
----------------------------
DATA:
A: Yes, 1216 No, 123 Denominator, 1339
B: Yes, 234 No, 6454 Denominator, 6688
RESULTS:
Proportions (of "Yes"): A, 0.9081 B, 0.0350
If inverse sampling was used,
see results at end of output.
[Campbell (2007) recommends use of Upton's chi-square
(the "N-1" chi-square) for this table, where no cell has
an expected value less than 1.]
Exact probabilities not computed.
Upton's "N - 1" chi-sq. = 5745.929 P = 0.000
Pearson's chi-square = 5746.644 P = 0.000
with Yates's correction = 5740.747 P = 0.000
Haber's adjusted chi-sq. = 5740.747 P = 0.000
Log-likelihood chi-square = 4732.853 P = 0.000
with Yates's correction = 4727.248 P = 0.000
DIFFERENCE [A minus B] = 0.873 S.E. = 0.008
Large-sample method (Fleiss), continuity-corrected:
90% C.I. = 0.859 to 0.887
95% C.I. = 0.857 to 0.890
99% C.I. = 0.852 to 0.895
Wilson's score method:
Not continuity-corrected (Newcombe's method 10):
90% C.I. = 0.859 to 0.886
95% C.I. = 0.856 to 0.888
99% C.I. = 0.850 to 0.892
Continuity-corrected (Newcombe's method 11):
90% C.I. = 0.858 to 0.886
95% C.I. = 0.855 to 0.888
99% C.I. = 0.849 to 0.893
RATIO [A:B] = 25.956 S.E. of log ratio = 0.065
Traditional (log-transformation) method:
90% C. I. = 23.33 to 28.88
95% C. I. = 22.86 to 29.47
 99% C. I. = 21.97 to 30.67
Zou-Donner method:
90% C.I. = 23.33 to 28.88
95% C.I. = 22.86 to 29.47
99% C.I. = 21.97 to 30.67
Low-bias estimator of ratio in population = 25.849
ODDS RATIO = 272.67 [reciprocal = 0.003667]
Fisher's exact confidence intervals:
90%: 223.86 to 331.80
95%: 216.11 to 344.54
99%: 201.85 to 371.12
Mid-P exact confidence intervals:
90%: 225.22 to 329.59
95%: 217.41 to 342.25
99%: 203.02 to 368.66
Cornfield's confidence intervals:
90%: 224.01 to 332.10
95%: 216.03 to 344.42
99%: 201.23 to 369.81
S.E. of log O.R. = 0.115
Low-bias indicator of O.R. in the population = 269.32
Adjusted O.R. (0.5 added in each cell) = 271.12
Yule's Q = 0.99 Phi = 0.85
Lambda (for prediction of Yes-No distribution) = 0.75
(for prediction of A-B distribution) = 0.73
INVERSE SAMPLING
The following results are applicable if, in each group
(A and B), subjects were added until a prespecified
number of subjects with "Yes" were found.
Large-sample test: one-tailed P = 0.000
two-tailed P = 0.000
DIFFERENCE [A minus B] = 0.873
S.E. = 0.012
Unbiased estimate = 0.873
Confidence intervals:
90% conf. interval = 0.860 to 0.887
95% conf. interval = 0.857 to 0.889
99% conf. interval = 0.852 to 0.894
RATIO (A:B) = 25.956
Unbiased estimate = 25.954
Alternative confidence intervals:
90% conf. interval = 23.331 to 28.875
or 23.141 to 29.272*
95% conf. interval = 22.860 to 29.471
or 22.640 to 29.958*
99% conf. interval = 21.965 to 30.671
or 21.698 to 31.359*
* May be preferable if the numbers or proportions
of cases (subjects with "Yes") are small.
ODDS RATIO = 272.67 [reciprocal = 0.003667]
90% C.I. = 225.44 to 329.80
95% C.I. = 217.37 to 342.04
99% C.I. = 202.43 to 367.29