1.

Tariff - a government tax on imports or exports

2. Abolitionists - people who believed that slavery should be against the law

3. Aviation - the operation of aircraft to provide transportation

4. Annex - take (territory) by conquest

5. Boycott - refusal to buy or sell certain products or services

6. Bias - A preference that prevents one from being impartial; prejudice.

7. Border states - States bordering the North: Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky and Missouri.
They were slave states, but did not secede.

8. Boundary - invisible line that marks the extent of a state's territory

9. Civil War - The period of warfare between the Confederate States of America (1861-1865)
and the United States over the issues of states' rights and slavery.

10. Civil Rights - the constitutional rights due all citizens

11. Confederate States of America - the name adopted by the 11 Southern states that seceded
from the Union during the Civil War

12. Debt - money or goods or services owed by one person to another

13. Credit - An arrangement to receive cash, goods, or services now and pay for them in the
future.

14. Federal - national

15. Great Depression - The economic crisis and period of low business activity in the U.S. and
other countries, roughly beginning with the stock-market crash in October, 1929, and
continuing through most of the 1930s.

16. Historian - scholars who study and write about the historical past
17. Human Rights - the basic rights to which all people are entitled as human beings

18. Integration - the action of incorporating a racial or religious group into a community

19. Immigrant - a person who comes to a country where they were not born in order to settle
there

20. Industrialization - the development of industries for the machine production of goods

21. Labor Union - an organization of employees formed to bargain with the employer

22. Migration - the movement of persons from one country or locality to another

23. Oral history - accounts of the past that people pass down by word of mouth

24. Region - an area with common features that set it apart from other areas

25. Settlement House - community center organized in the late 1800s to offer services to the
poor

26. Secondary source - Text and/or artifacts that are not original, but written from something
original (biographies, magazine articles, research papers).

27. Union - the United States (especially the northern states during the American Civil War)

28. Urbanization - the social process whereby cities grow and societies become more urban

29. Sectionalism - loyalty to one's own region of the country, rather than to the nation as a whole

30. Reconstruction - the period after the Civil War in the United States when the southern states
were reorganized and reintegrated into the Union

31. Suffrage - the right to vote

32. Segregation - the separation or isolation of a race, class, or group