Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1.0 Scope
To document a method, using prudent utility practice, and manufacturer recommended guidelines,
of establishing the rating of each element of the system that collectively comprise a facility. The
rating of the facility can then be determined by limiting it to the most limiting element in the facility.
2.0 Procedures
2.1 This reliability policy is to establish and document FKEC’s methodology for determining the
ratings of its facilities, both solely and jointly owned. This methodology shall include: r1
2.1.1 FKEC’s statement that a facility rating shall equal the most limiting equipment rating
of the individual equipment that comprises that facility. r1.1
2.1.2 The method by which the Rating (of major BES equipment that comprises a facility)
is determined. r1.2
A. The scope of the equipment shall include, but not limited to, generators,
transmission conductors, transformers, relay protective devices, terminal
equipment, and series and shunt compensation devices.
B. The scope of ratings addressed shall include, as a minimum, both normal and
emergency ratings.
2.1.3 FKEC shall consider the following in its Ratings Methodology: r1.3
A. Ratings provided by equipment manufacturers;
B. Design criteria (e.g., including applicable references to industry Rating
practices such as manufacturer’s warranty, IEEE, ANSI or other standards);
C. Ambient conditions;
D. Operating limitations;
E. Other assumptions.
2.2 FKEC shall make its Facility Ratings Methodology available for inspection and technical
review by those Reliability Coordinators, Transmission Operators, Transmission Planners,
and Planning Authorities that have responsibility for the area in which the associated
Facilities are located, within 15 business days of receipt of a request. r2
2.3 If a Reliability Coordinator, Transmission Operator, Transmission Planner, or Planning
Authority provides written comments on its technical review of FKEC’s Facility Ratings
Methodology, FKEC shall provide a written response to that commenting entity within 45
calendar days of receipt of those comments. The response shall indicate whether a change
will be made to the Facility Ratings Methodology and, if no change will be made to that
Facility Ratings Methodology, the reason why. FKEC shall maintain this documentation as
evidence of compliance with NERC Standard FAC-008. r3
Page 1 of 13
FAC-008-1_FKE_Facility Rating Methodology_r5
FKEC Reliability Policy FKE-FAC-008
2.4 FKEC shall each have a documented Facility Ratings Methodology that includes all of the
items identified in Section 2.1, above.
2.5 FKEC shall each have evidence it made its Facility Ratings Methodology available for
inspection within 15 business days of a request as follows:
2.5.1 The Reliability Coordinator shall have access to the Facility Ratings Methodologies
used for Rating Facilities in its Reliability Coordinator Area.
2.5.2 The Transmission Operator shall have access to the Facility Ratings Methodologies
used for Rating Facilities in its portion of the Reliability Coordinator Area.
2.5.3 The Transmission Planner shall have access to the Facility Ratings Methodologies
used for Rating Facilities in its Transmission Planning Area.
2.5.4 The Planning Authority shall have access to the Facility Ratings Methodologies used
for Rating Facilities in its Planning Authority Area.
Page 2 of 13
FAC-008-1_FKE_Facility Rating Methodology_r5
FKEC Reliability Policy FKE-FAC-008
Page 3 of 13
FAC-008-1_FKE_Facility Rating Methodology_r5
FKEC Reliability Policy FKE-FAC-008
Attachment 1
Table of Contents
1.0 Definitions ..................................................................................................................................... 2
2.0 General ........................................................................................................................................ 2
3.0 Transmission Facilities
3.1 Overhead Transmission Lines ............................................................................................. 2
3.2 Overhead Ground Wires ...................................................................................................... 3
3.3 Underground Transmission Lines ......................................................................................... 4
3.4 Autotransformers.................................................................................................................. 4
4.0 Terminal Facilities (Elements)
4.1 Conductor Ampacity ............................................................................................................. 5
4.2 Power Transformers ............................................................................................................ 5
4.3 Generator Step-Up (GSU) Transformers .............................................................................. 6
4.4 Capacitors, VAR Compensators and Reactors .................................................................... 6
4.5 Circuit Breakers ................................................................................................................... 7
4.6 Instrument Transformers ..................................................................................................... 7
4.7 Switches .............................................................................................................................. 8
4.8 Line Traps ........................................................................................................................... 8
4.9 Relays & Settings ................................................................................................................ 8
4.10 Electrical Energy Storage devices ....................................................................................... 8
5.0 Jointly Owned Facilities ................................................................................................................ 8
6.0 Generator Facilities
6.1 Generator Step-Up Transformers (GSU’s)............................................................................ 8
6.2 Generator Unit design .......................................................................................................... 9
Page 4 of 13
FAC-008-1_FKE_Facility Rating Methodology_r5
FKEC Reliability Policy FKE-FAC-008
1.0 Definitions (As defined in the NERC Glossary of Terms, dated November 01, 2006):
1.1 Facilities - The electrical generation resources, transmission lines, interconnections with
neighboring systems, and associated equipment, generally operated at voltages of 100 kV
or higher. FKEC Facilities may contain one or more Elements.
1.2 Elements - Any electrical device with terminals that may be connected to other electrical
devices such as a generator, transformer, circuit breaker, bus section, or transmission line.
An element may be comprised of one or more components. Terminal Equipment includes:
Circuit Breakers, Switches, Substation Conductors, Instrument Transformers, Line Traps
and Associated Relays and their settings.
2.0 General:
2.1 This document describes the methodology used by FKEC to rate its transmission facilities
and elements. Although documented by the RRO as being unable to materially impact the
Bulk Electric System (BES), FKEC intends to comply with applicable NERC Reliability
Standard FAC-008-1, with an effective date of August 07, 2006 and the Regional Reliability
Organization (RRO), Florida Reliability Coordinating Council (FRCC) requirements. These
methodologies are based on industry standards, as discussed below.
2.2 Also addressed is the methodologies used to determine equipment and facility ratings solely
owned by FKEC and facilities jointly owned for which FKEC has responsibility for providing
ratings. FKEC’s transmission system is jointly-owned with Keys Energy System (KEYS) and
the ratings shall be so coordinated, resulting in a single set of ratings
2.3 FKEC’s standard Normal Rating for its individual elements shall be rated per the
manufacturer’s nameplate. Therefore, as these individual Elements operate together,
FKEC’s will limit the rating of a facility to the rating(s) of the most limiting element(s) in the
circuit, including terminal connections and associated equipment, protection systems and
control settings.
2.4 FKEC provides its System Operators visual and audio “alarms”, via SCADA, of approaching
SOL limits, as follows:
a. Transmission Facilities - “Hi-Op” is 93% of rating and “Hi-Emergency” is 95% of rating;
b. Substation Facilities - “Hi-Op” is 93% of rating and “Hi-Emergency” is 95% of rating.
c. Transmission Voltage Schedule - “Hi/Lo-Op” is +/- 3% of nominal rating and “Hi/Lo-
Emergency” is +/- 5% of nominal rating.
a. Based on the steady state load current carrying capacity of the conductor;
b. A continuous thermal rating based on a maximum rated conductor temperature. This
rating serves as the “normal” or “full-time” continuous rating for the line section it is in.
Page 5 of 13
FAC-008-1_FKE_Facility Rating Methodology_r5
FKEC Reliability Policy FKE-FAC-008
c. Conductor properties:
3.1 – Conductivity
ACSR 62% IACS*
AAAC 53% IACS*
AAC 62% IACS*
ACSS (SSAC) 63% IACS*
Copper 97% IACS*
3.2 - Emissivity, absorptivity Varies, up to 0.9
*International Annealed Copper Standard
3.1.3 Specifically, FKEC has adopted the minimum acceptable reliability conditions as
follows:
a. No actual thermal overloads greater than 100% of line rating without concurrence
of transmission line owner(s).
b. No single contingency conditions that will result in thermal loading of
transmission facilities or substation equipment greater than 120% unless there is
a defined load relief measure that can be implemented in 10 minutes.
Page 6 of 13
FAC-008-1_FKE_Facility Rating Methodology_r5
FKEC Reliability Policy FKE-FAC-008
Generally, each transmission line has one or more overhead ground wires that provide
protection from lightning strikes and provide a low impedance path to ground for ground fault
currents. Each transmission line section may have multiple overhead ground wire sizes,
types, and fault current capacity ratings. The overhead ground wire must have sufficient
capacity to carry the expected fault current magnitude for the location on the line it protects.
The maximum fault current occurs at the bus. The magnitude of the fault current available at
each transmission line structure decreases as the distance from the bus increases due to
the impedance of the line.
3.2.1 Several steps are followed to determine the size of overhead ground wire sufficient
to withstand the available fault current. First, the magnitude of the fault current
available at each bus on the transmission line is calculated. Next, the magnitude of
the fault current available at each structure along the line is calculated. Finally, an
overhead ground wire with sufficient fault current capacity is selected for the line.
The fault current capacity rating of galvanized steel and aluminum clad steel
overhead ground wires at FKEC is:
a. Based on the short term current carrying capacity of the wire;
b. A short-term thermal rating based on a maximum wire temperature.
The fault current capacity rating of optical ground wires (OPGW) overhead ground
wires at FKEC is specified as follows:
3.4 Autotransformers
Page 7 of 13
FAC-008-1_FKE_Facility Rating Methodology_r5
FKEC Reliability Policy FKE-FAC-008
Autotransformers are used for voltage transformation between transmission voltage levels,
138 kV and above. FKEC rates autotransformers on an individual basis for those
transformers that are part of the BES. The bases for these ratings are the continuous or
nameplate ratings. These ratings are maintained on a list that includes the substation
name, the FKEC equipment number, the transformer nameplate rating in MVA (megavolt-
amperes), and the Summer Emergency and Winter Emergency ratings, also in MVA.
FKEC does not own or operate or is responsible for the ratings of any Autotransformers
within its service area.
Normal loading is defined as the operating condition where all substation equipment is in service
and operating at or below nameplate rating. The condition of a planned equipment outage for
maintenance or construction purposes is considered normal loading.
The rating of a facility shall be limited by the most limiting component of the circuit including
terminal connections and associated equipment.
Copper rigid bus conductors are rated with 2 ft/sec wind velocity. The rigid bus conductor
ratings are consistent with and use the methodology described in the IEEE Std 605, Guide
for Design of Substation Rigid-Bus Structures.
FKEC’s specifies substation switches, connectors and equipment ampacity ratings above
the conductor to which they are connected.
Page 8 of 13
FAC-008-1_FKE_Facility Rating Methodology_r5
FKEC Reliability Policy FKE-FAC-008
nameplate rating in MVA (megavolt-amperes), and the Summer Emergency and Winter
Emergency ratings, also in MVA.
Specifically, FKEC has adopted the minimum acceptable reliability conditions as follows:
4.2.1 Single contingency voltage violations will not result in anticipated voltage drops
below 95% of nominal voltage (131.1 KV), unless there is a defined load relief
measure that can be implemented in 10 minutes.
4.2.2 Single contingency voltage violations will not result in anticipated sustained voltage
drops below 90% of nominal voltage (124.2 KV).
4.2.3 As with transmission line ratings, the default rating for power and autotransformers
shall be the nameplate rating for continuous operations and up to 120% nameplate
rating for “emergency” loading, but only if there is a defined load relief measure that
can be implemented in 10 minutes.
4.3.2 Transmission GSU’s are specified, designed and applied for the full range of normal
system loading conditions and ranges to which they will be subjected. The Normal
Rating for FKEC transmission GSU’s are rated per the manufacturer’s nameplate.
FKEC does not have ratings above normal for GSU’s therefore no Emergency
Ratings are provided as they would be equal to the Normal Ratings.
4.3.3 Other associated power system equipment connected to the GSU such as breakers,
switches, buswork, and relay settings are designed not to be limiting Elements for
the operation of the GSU. Therefore the GSU ratings become the limiting ratings of
the Facility. The rating methodology for these other devices is provided under
section, “Terminal Equipment”.
Page 9 of 13
FAC-008-1_FKE_Facility Rating Methodology_r5
FKEC Reliability Policy FKE-FAC-008
b. IEEE 1036, IEEE Guide for the Application of Shunt Power Capacitors
c. IEEE C37.99, IEEE Guide for the Protection of Shunt Power Capacitors
b. Shunt reactors are specified, designed and applied for the full range of normal
system voltage conditions and ranges to which they will be subjected. The
Normal Rating for FKEC shunt reactors are rated per the manufacturer’s
nameplate. Shunt reactors are not rated for overload conditions since they are
either in an ON condition when energized or OFF condition when de-energized.
Shunt Reactors are rated according to:
1. IEEE C57.21, IEEE Standard Requirements, Terminology, and Test Code
for Shunt Reactors Rated Over 500 kVA
Page 10 of 13
FAC-008-1_FKE_Facility Rating Methodology_r5
FKEC Reliability Policy FKE-FAC-008
FKEC does not have ratings above normal for transmission circuit breakers therefore
no Emergency Ratings are provided as they would be equal to the Normal Ratings.
4.6.3 FKEC does not have ratings above normal for transmission instrument transformers
therefore no Emergency Ratings are provided as they would be equal to the Normal
Ratings.
4.7 Switches
4.7.1 FKEC selects and specifies switches to meet or exceed the transmission line
conductor, line terminal, or transfer capability (ampacity). The following Standards
are used to rate High-Voltage switches:
a. IEEE C37.30, Standard Requirements for High-Voltage Switches;
b. IEEE C37.37, Standard Loading Guide for AC High-Voltage Switches (in excess
of 1000 volts);
c. IEEE C37.37a, Standard Loading Guide for AC High-Voltage Air Switches Under
Emergency Conditions.
4.7.2 Transmission switches are rated according to the manufacturer’s specifications. The
Normal Rating for FKEC transmission switches are rated as shown on the
manufacturer’s nameplate.
4.7.3 FKEC does not have ratings above normal for transmission switches therefore no
Emergency Ratings are provided as they would be equal to the Normal Ratings.
4.8.3 Line traps are rated according to the manufacturer’s specifications. The Normal
Rating for FKEC line traps are rated as shown on the manufacturer’s nameplate.
Page 11 of 13
FAC-008-1_FKE_Facility Rating Methodology_r5
FKEC Reliability Policy FKE-FAC-008
4.8.4 FKEC does not have ratings above normal for line traps therefore no Emergency
Ratings are provided as they would be equal to the Normal Ratings.
4.9.3 All protective relays should meet or exceed ANSI/IEEE Standard C37.90 for minimum
ratings, ambient conditions, operating limitations, and any other design criteria and
assumptions.
6.1.1 Each unit’s actual capability is determined and compared to its rated capability. If a
unit’s rated capability is not representative of the actual capability, the reason is
analyzed. If this reason is considered short-term (less than one year), the rating is
not changed. If this reason is considered long-term (longer than one year), a new
actual capability is determined and the rating is changed to reflect this new
capability.
6.1.2 In cases for long-term changes during the current year, such as new generation,
equipment upgrades, repowering, etc., a date for the rating change may be included
for clarity.
Page 12 of 13
FAC-008-1_FKE_Facility Rating Methodology_r5
FKEC Reliability Policy FKE-FAC-008
c. Peak - The maximum hourly generation which, after advance notice to the plant,
can be maintained for periods of up to four hours, or longer with local
management approval.
The capability rating based on design is the best estimate of unit performance for the current
year. Once the unit can be tested, the design capability may be revised to reflect actual
capability, if it differs significantly.
Test data is reviewed and compared to rated capability for most units annually. If it
is determined that the unit capability rating are to be changed, the next issue of the
FKEC Generation Resource Ratings document will reflect those changes.
Page 13 of 13
FAC-008-1_FKE_Facility Rating Methodology_r5