June 2006

6666 Core Mathematics C4

Mark Scheme
Question
Scheme Marks
Number

Differentiates implicitly to include either

dy dy  dy 
±ky or ±3 . (Ignore  =  .) M1
1. 6x − 4y
dy
+2−3
dy
=0
dx dx  dx 
dx dx
Correct equation. A1

 dy 6x + 2 
 =  not necessarily required.
 dx 4y + 3 
Substituting x = 0 & y = 1 into an
equation involving dydx
; dM1;
to give 7 or −7 A1 cso
2 −2

dy 0 + 2 2
At (0, 1), = =
dx 4 + 3 7
Uses m(T) to ‘correctly’ find m(N). Can
be ft from “their tangent gradient”. A1 oe.
7 −1
Hence m(N) = − or 2
2 7
y − 1 = m(x − 0) with
‘their tangent or normal gradient’;
M1;
or uses y = mx + 1 with ‘their tangent or
normal gradient’ ;
Either N: y − 1 = − 72 (x − 0)

or N: y = − 72 x + 1
Correct equation in the form
' ax + by + c = 0 ' ,
A1 oe
cso
where a, b and c are integers.
N: 7x + 2y – 2 = 0
[7]

7 marks

dy 2
Beware: = does not necessarily imply the award of all the first four marks in this
dx 7
question.
So please ensure that you check candidates’ initial differentiation before awarding the first A1
mark.

Beware: The final accuracy mark is for completely correct solutions. If a candidate flukes the
final line then they must be awarded A0.
Beware: A candidate finding an m(T) = 0 can obtain A1ft for m(N) = ∞ , but obtains M0 if
they write y − 1 = ∞(x − 0) . If they write, however, N: x = 0, then can score M1.

Beware: A candidate finding an m(T) = ∞ can obtain A1ft for m(N) = 0, and also obtains M1
if they write y − 1 = 0(x − 0) or y = 1.

Beware: The final cso refers to the whole question.

Question
Scheme Mar
Number
Aliter
Differentiates implicitly to include either
 d x  dx dx  dx  M1
1. dx dx ±kx or ±2 . (Ignore  =  .)
 = 6x − 4y + 2 −3=0 dy dy  dy 
 d y  dy dy
Correct equation.
Way 2
 dx 4y + 3 
 =  not necessarily required.
 dy 6x + 2 

Substituting x = 0 & y = 1 into an

dx 4 + 3 7 equation involving dx ; dM1;
At (0, 1), = = dy
dy 0 + 2 2
to give 2 A1 c
7

dx
7 −1 Uses m(T) or dy
to ‘correctly’ find m(N).
Hence m(N) = − or 2 A1
2 7 Can be ft using “ −1. dx
dy
”.

y − 1 = m(x − 0) with
Either N: y − 1 = − 72 (x − 0) ‘their tangent, dx
or normal gradient’;
dy
M1;
or uses y = mx + 1 with ‘their tangent,
or N: y = − 72 x + 1 dx
dy
or normal gradient’ ;

Correct equation in the form

' ax + by + c = 0 ' ,
A1 o
N: 7x + 2y – 2 = 0
cso
where a, b and c are integers.

7 ma
Question
Scheme Marks
Number
Aliter
1. 2y 2 + 3y − 3x 2 − 2x − 5 = 0
Way 3
2
y + 34 ) − 169 = 3x 2
2
+x + 5
2

y= ( 3 x2
2
+x+ 49
16 )− 3
4

Differentiates using the chain rule;

dy 1 − 21
=
dx 2
( 3 x2
2
+x+ 49
16 ) ( 3x + 1) Correct expression for
dy
.
A1
dx oe

− 21 dy
dy 1  49  1 4 2 Substituting x = 0 into an equation involving dx
;
At (0, 1), =   =   = −2
dx 2  16  27 7 to give 27 or −7 cso

7 Uses m(T) to ‘correctly’ find m(N).

Hence m(N) = −
2 Can be ft from “their tangent gradient”.

Either N: y − 1 = − 72 (x − 0) y − 1 = m(x − 0) with

‘their tangent or normal gradient’;
or uses y = mx + 1 with ‘their tangent or normal
N: y = − 27 x + 1
gradient’

Correct equation in the form ' ax + by + c = 0 ' ,

: 7x + 2y – 2 = 0 A1 oe
where a, b and c are integers.

7 marks
estion
Scheme Marks
Number

Considers this identity

complete
and either
substitutes x = 21 ,
2. (a) 3x − 1 ≡ A(1 − 2x) + B equates
coefficients or
solves
simultaneous
equations
x = 21 ; 3
2
−1 = B ⇒ B= 1
2

Equate x terms; 3 = − 2A ⇒ A = − 32 A = − 32 ; BA1;A1

= 21

o working seen, but A and B correctly stated ⇒ award all three

marks. If one of A or B correctly stated give two out of the [3]
three marks available for this part.)

Moving powers to top on

−1 −2
(b) f(x) = − 32 (1 − 2x) + 21 (1 − 2x) any one of the two
expressions

Either 1 ± 2x or 1 ± 4x from
 ( −1)( −2) ( −1)( −2)( −3)  either first or second
= − 1 + ( −1)( −2x); + ( −2x)2 + ( −2x)3 + ...
 2! 3!  expansions
respectively

Ignoring − 32 and 21 ,
( −2)( −3) ( −2)( −3)( −4)  any one correct
+ 1 + ( −2)( −2x); + ( −2x)2 + ( −2x)3 + ...
2! 3!  {..........} expansion.
Both {..........} correct.

= − 2 1 + 2x + 4x 2 + 8x 3 + ... + } 1
2 {1 + 4x + 12x 2
}
+ 32x 3 + ...

= −1 − x ; + 0x 2 + 4x 3 −1 − x ; (0x 2 ) +A1;
4x 3A1
[6]

9 marks
Question
Scheme Marks
Number
Aliter
2. (b) f(x) = (3x − 1)(1 − 2x)−2 Moving power to top
Way 2
 ( −2)( −3)  1 ± 4x ;
 1 + ( −2)( −2x) ; + ( −2x)2 + 
2! Ignoring (3x − 1) , correct
= 3x − 1) ×  
 ( −2)( −3)( −4)
( −2x) + ... 

3
(...........) expansion
 3! 

= (3x − 1)(1 + 4x + 12x 2 + 32x 3 + ...)

= 3x + 12x 2 + 36x 3 − 1 − 4x − 12x 2 − 32x 3 + ... Correct expansion

= −1 − x ; + 0x 2 + 4x 3 −1 − x ; (0x 2 ) +A1;
4x 3A1

Aliter
2. (b) Maclaurin expansion
Way 3
f(x) = − 32 (1 − 2x)−1 + 21 (1 − 2x)−2 Bringing both
powers to top

Differentiates to give
f (x) = − 3(1 − 2x)−2 + 2(1 − 2x)−3 a(1 − 2x) −2 ± b(1 − 2x)−3 ;
A1−3oe
−3(1 − 2x)−2 + 2(1 − 2x)

f (x) = − 12(1 − 2x)−3 + 12(1 − 2x)−4

f (x) = − 72(1 − 2x)−4 + 96(1 − 2x)−5 Correct f ′′(x) and f ′′′(x)

∴ f(0) = − 1 , f ′(0) = − 1 , f ′′(0) = 0 and f ′′′(0) = 24

gives f(x) = − 1 − x; + 0x 2 + 4x 3 + ... −1 − x ; (0x 2 ) +A1;

4x 3A1
Question
Scheme Marks
Number
Aliter
Moving powers to top on any
−1 −2
2. (b) f(x) = − 3(2 − 4x) + 21 (1 − 2x) one of the two
expressions
Way 4
 −1 −2 ( −1)( −2) −3  Either 1
± x or 1 ± 4x from
(2) + ( −1)(2) ( −4x); + (2) ( −4x)2  2
 2!  either first or second
 
 ( −1)( −2)( −3) −4 3  expansions
+ (2) ( −4x) + ...
 3!  respectively

Ignoring −3 and 21 ,
( −2)( −3) ( −2)( −3)( −4)  any one correct
+ 1 + ( −2)( −2x); + ( −2x)2 + ( −2x)3 + ...
2! 3!  {..........} expansion.
Both {..........} correct.

= −3 1
2 }
+ x + 2x 2 + 4x 3 + ... + 1
2 {1 + 4x + 12x 2
}
+ 32x 3 + ...

= −1 − x ; + 0x 2 + 4x 3 −1 − x ; (0x 2 ) +A1;
4x 3A1
Question
Scheme Marks
Number

2π

3. (a) Area Shaded = ∫ 3 sin (

0
x
2 ) dx

 −3 cos ( 2x ) 
2π Integrating 3 sin ( 2x ) to give k cos ( 2x )
= 1  with k ≠ 1 .
 2 0 Ignore limits.
2π
=  − 6 cos ( 2x ) 
0
−6 cos ( 2x ) or −3
1
2
cos
A1( 2x oe.
)

= [ −6( −1)] − [ −6(1)] = 6 + 6 = 12 A112

cao

(Answer of 12 with no working scores M0A0A0.)

∫
2π 2π
Use of V = π y 2 dx .
∫ (3 sin ( )) ∫
2
(b) Volume = π
x
2
dx = 9π sin2 ( 2x ) dx
0 0 Can be implied. Ignore limits.

Consideration of the Half Angle

NB : cos 2x = ±1 ± 2 sin2 x gives sin2 x = 1 − cos 2x
 Formula for sin2 ( 2x ) or the
 2 
NB : cos x = ±1 ± 2 sin ( ) gives sin ( ) =
2 x 2 x 1 − cos x
Double Angle Formula
 2 2 2 
for sin2 x

2π
 1 − cos x  Correct expression for Volume
Volume = 9( π)
∫
0

 2  dx
 Ignore limits and π .

2π
9 ( π)
=
2 ∫ (1 − cos x) dx
0

9 ( π) 2π
Integrating to give ±ax ± b sin x ; ∗;
depM1
=
2
[ x − sin x ] 0 Correct integration
k − k cos x → kx − k sin x

9π
=
2
[(2π − 0) − (0 − 0)]

9π 2 Use of limits to give

= (2π) = 9 π or 88.8264… cso
2 either 9 π2 or awrt 88.8
Solution must be completely
correct. No flukes allowed.
 marks

Question
Scheme Marks
Number

4. (a) x = sin t , y = sin ( t + π

6 )
Attempt to differentiate both x and y wrt t
dy to give two terms in cos
= cos t , = cos ( t + π
6 )
dt Correct dx and dy
dt dt

Divides in correct way and substitutes

for t to give any of the four
π dy cos ( π6 + 6π ) 1
2 1 underlined oe:
When t = , = = = = awrt 0.58
6 dx cos ( 6π ) 2
3
3 Ignore the double negative if
candidate has differentiated
sin → − cos

When t =
π
6
, x=
1
2
, y=
2
3 The point ( 1
2
, 2
3
) or ( 1
2
, awrt 0.87 )

Finding an equation of a tangent with

their point and their tangent
3 gradient or finds c and uses
y− 2
= 1
3
( x − 21 ) y = (their gradient)x + " c " .
Correct EXACT equation of tangent oe
oe.

3 3 3 3
2
= 1
3
( 21 ) + c ⇒ c= 2
− 6
= 3

y = 3
x+
3 
 3 3


(b) y = sin ( t + 6π ) = sin t cos 6π + cos t sin 6π Use of compound angle formula for sine.

Nb : sin2 t + cos2 t ≡ 1 ⇒ cos2 t ≡ 1 − sin2 t

Use of trig identity to find cos t in

x = sin t gives cos t = (1 − x ) 2

terms of x or cos2 t in terms of

 x.

3
∴y = 2
sin t + 21 cos t

Substitutes for
sin t, cos 6π , cos t and sinA1
π
to
cso
gives y= 2
3
x+ 1
2 (1 − x )
2
AG 6

give y in terms of x.

marks
Question
Scheme Marks
Number
Aliter
4. (a) x = sin t , y = sin ( t + π
6 ) = sin t cos 6π + cos t sin 6π (Do not give this for part (b))
Way 2
Attempt to differentiate x and y wrt t to
give dx
dt
in terms of cos and dydt
in
the form ±a cos t ± b sin t

dy Correct dx
and dy
= cos t , = cos t cos 6π − sin t sin 6π dt dt
dt

π dy cos 6π cos 6π − sin 6π sin 6π

When t = , =
6 dx cos ( 6π )
Divides in correct way and
substitutes for t to give any of
3
4 − 1
4
1
2 1 the four underlined oe:
= 3
= 3
= = awrt 0.58
2 2
3

When t =
π
6
, x=
1
2
, y=
2
3 The point ( 1
2
, 2
3
) or ( 1
2
, awrt 0.87 )

Finding an equation of a tangent

with their point and their
3
y− 2
= 1
3
( x − 21 ) tangent gradient or finds c
and uses
y = (their gradient)x + " c " .
Correct EXACT equation of tangent oe
oe.

3 3 3 3
2
= 1
3
( 21 ) + c ⇒ c= 2
− 6
= 3

y = 3
x+
3 
 3 3

Question
Scheme Marks
Number
Aliter
4. (a) y= 2
3
x+ 1
2 (1 − x ) 2

Way 3 Attempt to differentiate two terms using

dy 3  1 1 − 21 the chain rule for the second
dx
= +     1 − x2
2  2  2 
( ) ( −2x ) term.
Correct dy
dx

Correct substitution of x = 1
dy 3  1 1 − 21 1 2

dx
= +     1 − (0.5)2
2  2  2 
( ) ( −2(0.5)) = 3 into a correct
dy
dx

When t =
π
6
, x=
1
2
, y=
2
3 The point ( 1
2
, 2
3
) or ( 1
2
, awrt 0.87 )

Finding an equation of a tangent with

their point and their tangent
3 gradient or finds c and uses
y− 2
= 1
3
( x − 21 ) y = (their gradient)x + " c " .
Correct EXACT equation of tangent oe
oe.

3 3 3 3
2
= 1
3
( 21 ) + c ⇒ c= 2
− 6
= 3

y = 3
x+
3 
 3 3


Aliter
Substitutes x = sin t into the equation
4. (b) x sin t gives y = 2
3
sin t + 1
2 (1 − sin t )
2
give in y.
Way 2
Nb : sin2 t + cos2 t ≡ 1 ⇒ cos2 t ≡ 1 − sin2 t

Use of trig identity to deduce that

cos t = (1 − sin t ) 2
cos t = (1 − sin t ) .
2

3
gives y = 2
sin t + 21 cos t

Using the compound angle formula to

Hence y = sin t cos 6π + cos t sin π6 = sin ( t + 6π )
prove y = sin ( t + 6π ) so

marks
Question
Scheme Marks
Number

5. (a) Equating i ; 0=6+λ ⇒ λ = −6 λ = − 6⇒ d

Can be implied
Using λ = − 6 and

For inserting their stated λ into

either a correct j or k
equating j ; a = 19 + 4( −6) = − 5 ⇒d
component
Can be implied.

equating k ; b = −1 − 2( −6) = 11 a = −5 and b = 11

With no working…
… only one of a or b stated correctly gains the first 2
marks.
… both a and b stated correctly gains 3 marks.

(b) OP = ( 6 + λ ) i + (19 + 4λ ) j + ( −1 − 2λ ) k

direction vector or l1 = d = i + 4 j − 2k

uuur uuur Allow

uuur
this statement for M1
OP ⊥ l1 ⇒ OP • d = 0 if OP and d are defined as
above.

 6+λ   1
    Allow either of these two underlined
 19 + 4λ  • 4  = 0 ( or x + 4y − 2z = 0 ) statements
 −1 − 2λ   −2 
   

∴ 6 + λ + 4(19 + 4λ ) − 2( −1 − 2λ ) = 0 Correct equation

A1 oe

6 + λ + 76 + 16λ + 2 + 4λ = 0 Attempt to solve the equation in λ

21λ + 84 = 0 ⇒ λ = −4 λ = −4

Substitutes their λ into an expression

OP = ( 6 − 4 ) i + (19 + 4( −4)) j + ( −1 − 2( −4) ) k uuur
for OP

OP = 2 i + 3 j + 7 k 2 i + 3 j + 7 k or P(2, 3, 7)
Question
Scheme Marks
Number
Aliter
(b) OP = ( 6 + λ ) i + (19 + 4λ ) j + ( −1 − 2λ ) k
Way 2
AP = ( 6 + λ − 0 ) i + (19 + 4λ + 5 ) j + ( −1 − 2λ − 11) k

direction vector or l1 = d = i + 4 j − 2k

Allow this statement

uuur
for
uuur
uuur uuur uuur uuur M1 if AP and OP
AP ⊥ OP ⇒ AP • OP = 0
are defined as
above.

 6+λ   6+λ 
   
 24 + 4λ  •  19 + 4λ  = 0 underlined statement
 −12 − 2λ   −1 − 2λ 
   

∴ ( 6 + λ )(6 + λ ) + (24 + 4λ )(19 + 4λ ) + ( −12 − 2λ )( −1 − 2λ ) = 0 Correct equation

A1 oe

36 + 12λ + λ 2 + 456 + 96λ + 76λ + 16λ 2 + 12 + 24λ + 2λ + 4λ 2 = 0 Attempt to solve the

equation in λ

21λ + 210λ + 504 = 0

λ + 10λ + 24 = 0 ⇒ ( λ = −6 ) λ = − 4 λ = −4

Substitutes their λ into

OP = ( 6 − 4 ) i + (19 + 4( −4)) j + ( −1 − 2( −4) ) k an expression
uuur
for OP

OP = 2 i + 3 j + 7 k 2 i + 3 j + 7 k or
P(2, 3, 7)
Question
Scheme Marks
Number

5. (c) OP = 2 i + 3 j + 7 k
uuur
OA = 0 i − 5 j + 11k and OB = 5 i + 15 j + k

Subtracting vectors uuu

uuur uuur
torfind any two of
uuur
AP = ± ( 2 i + 8 j − 4 k ) , PB = ± ( 3 i + 12 j − 6k ) AP , PB or AB ; and both are
correctly
uuur
ft using candidate’s
uuur M1; A1
AB = ± ( 5 i + 20 j − 10 k )
OA and OP found in parts (a)
and (b) respectively.
uuur uuur uuur uuur
AP = 2
3 (3 i + 12 j − 6k ) = 2
3
PB AP = 2
3
PB
uuur uuur uuur uuur
2(
AB = 5
2i + 8 j − 4k ) = 52 AP or AB = 5
2
AP
uuur uuur uuur uuur
3(
AB = 5
3i + 12 j − 6k ) = 53 PB or AB = 5
3
PB
uuur uuur uuur uuur
2(
PB = 3
2i + 8 j − 4k ) = 32 AP or PB = 3
2
AP
uuur uuur uuur uuur
5(
AP = 2
5i + 20 j − 10k ) = 52 AB or AP = 2
5
AB
uuur uuur uuur uuur
5(
PB = 3
5i + 20 j − 10 k ) = 35 AB etc… or PB = 3
5
AB

alternatively candidatesuuucould
r
say for example that
AP = 2 ( i + 4 j − 2k ) PB = 3 ( i + 4 j − 2k )

the points A, P and B are collinear.

A, P and B are collinear
Completely correct proof.
uuur uuur
∴ AP : PB = 2 : 3 2:3 or 1: 32 or 84 : 189B1
aef
oe
allow SC 23

Aliter
At B; 5 = 6 + λ , 15 = 19 + 4λ or 1 = −1 − 2λ Writing down any of the three underlined
5. (c)
or at B; λ = − 1 equations.
Way 2
gives λ = − 1 for all three equations. λ = − 1 for all three equations
or when λ = − 1 , this gives r = 5 i + 15 j + k or λ = − 1 gives r = 5 i + 15 j + k

Hence B lies on l1. As stated in the question both A Must state B lies on l1 ⇒
and P lie on l1. ∴ A, P and B are collinear. A, P and B are collinear
uuur uuur
∴ AP : PB = 2 : 3 2:3 orB1
aef
oe
13 mark
Question
Scheme Marks
Number

6. (a)
x 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
y 0 0.5 ln 1.5 ln 2 1.5 ln 2.5 2 ln 3
0.2027325541 1.374436098
or y 0 … ln2 … 2 ln 3

Either 0.5 ln 1.5 and 1.5 ln 2.5

or awrt 0.20 and 1.37
(or mixture of decimals and ln’s)

For structure of trapezium

(b)(i) I ≈ × 1× {0 + 2 (ln 2 ) + 2ln3} rule {.............} ;

1
= × 3.583518938... = 1.791759... = 1.792 (4sf) 1.792
A1 cao
2

(ii) 1
Outside brackets × 0.5
1 2
2
{
I ≈ × 0.5 ; × 0 + 2 ( 0.5ln1.5 + ln 2 + 1.5 ln 2.5 ) + 2ln 3} For structure of trapezium
rule {.............} ;

1
= × 6.737856242... = 1.684464... awrt 1.684
4

With increasing ordinates, the line segments at the top Reason or an appropriate diagram
(c)
of the trapezia are closer to the curve. elaborating the correct reason.
Question
Scheme Marks
Number

u ln x ⇒ du = 1
 Use of ‘integration by parts’
dx x
6. (d)   formula in the correct
 dx = x − 1 ⇒ v =
x2
2
− x  direction

 x2  1  x2 
I=
 2
− x  ln x −
 ∫ 
x 2
− x  dx

Correct expression

An attempt to multiply at least

 x2  x 
=
 2
− x  ln x −
 ∫  − 1 dx
2 
one term through by 1x
and an attempt to ...

 x2   x2  … integrate;
= − x  ln x −  − x  (+c)
 2   4 
correct integration
3
  x2  x2 
I =  − x  ln x − + x
 2  4 1

= ( 32 ln3 − 9
+ 3 ) − ( − 21 ln1 − 1
+ 1) Substitutes limits of 3 and 1 and
4 4 ddM1
subtracts.

= 32 ln3 + 3
4
+0− 3
4
= 32 ln3 AG 3
A1
2
ln 3cso

Aliter

∫
6. (d) (x − 1)ln x dx = ∫ x ln x dx − ∫ ln x dx
Way 2
x2 x2  1 
∫ x ln x dx =
2
ln x −
∫ .   dx
2 x
Correct application of ‘by parts’

x2 x2
= ln x − (+ c) Correct integration
2 4

 1
∫ ln x dx = x ln x −
∫ x.  x  dx Correct application of ‘by parts’

= x ln x − x (+ c) Correct integration

Substitutes limits of 3 and 1 into

∴
∫ x − 1) ln x dx = ( 92 ln3 − 2 ) − ( 3ln3 − 2 ) = 32 ln3 AG both integrands and
subtracts.
A1
3
2
ln 3cso
Question
Scheme Marks
Number
Aliter
u ln x ⇒ du
dx
= 1x  Use of ‘integration by parts’
6. (d)  ( x − 1)2  formula in the correct
 dx = ( x − 1) ⇒ v = 2  direction
Way 3
2 2
x − 1) ( x − 1)
I=
2
ln x −
∫ 2x
dx Correct expression

2 Candidate multiplies out

x − 1) x 2 − 2x + 1
=
2
ln x −
∫ 2x
dx numerator to obtain
three terms…

2 … multiplies at least one term

x − 1) 1 1 
=
2
ln x −
∫  x −1+
2
 dx
2x 
through by 1x and then
attempts to ...

x − 1)
2
 x2 1  … integrate the result;
= ln x −  − x + ln x  (+c)
2  4 2  correct integration

3
 ( x − 1)2 x2 1 
I= ln x − + x − ln x 
 2 4 2 
1

= ( 2ln3 − 9
+ 3 − 21 ln3 ) − ( 0 − 1
+ 1 − 0) Substitutes limits of 3 and 1 and
4 4 ddM1
subtracts.

= 2ln3 − 21 ln 3 + 3
4
+ 1
4
−1 = 32 ln3 AG 3
A1
2
ln 3cso

.
Question
Scheme Marks
Number
AliterBy substitution
6. (d) u ln x ⇒ du dx
= 1
x

Way 4

∫ e − 1) .ue
u u
I= du Correct expression

Use of ‘integration by parts’

=
∫ (
u e2u − eu du) formula in the correct
direction

1  1 
= u  e2u − eu  −
∫  2 e
2u
− eu  dx Correct expression
 2  

1  1  Attempt to integrate;
= u  e2u − eu  −  e2u − eu  (+c)
2  4 
correct integration
ln3
1 1 
I =  ue2u − ueu − e2u + eu 
2 4  ln1

= ( 92 ln 3 − 3ln 3 − 94 + 3 ) − ( 0 − 0 − 41 + 1) Substitutes limits of ln3 and ln1

ddM1
and subtracts.

= 32 ln3 + 3
4
+ 1
4
−1 = 32 ln3 AG 3
A1
2
ln 3cso

13 mark
Question
Scheme Marks
Number

dS dS
7. (a) From question, =8 =8
dt dt

dS dS
S 6x 2 ⇒ = 12x = 12x
dx dx

2
dx dS dS 8 dS dS 8
dt
=
dt
÷
dx
=
12x
;= 3
x
⇒ ( k = 32 ) Candidate’s
dt
÷ ;
dx 12x
A1oe

dV dV
(b) V x3 ⇒ = 3x 2 = 3x 2
dx dx

dV dV dx  2  dV dx
= × = 3x 2 .   ; = 2x Candidate’s × λx A1
;M1;
dt dx dt  3x  dx dt

1 dV 1 1 dV 1
x = V 3 , then = 2V 3 AG Use of x = V , to give
3
= 2V 3
dt dt

dV
Separates the variables with
∫V 1
3
or

(c) ∫ =
∫ 2 dt ∫ V dV on one side and
− 31

∫ 2 dt on the other side.

integral signs not necessary.

∫V dV =
∫ 2 dt
Attempts to integrate and …
2

V = 2t (+c) … must see V and 2t;

3

Correct equation with/without + c.

Use of V = 8 and t = 0 in a changed

(8) = 2(0) + c ⇒ c = 6
equation containing c ; c = 6 ; A1

2
Hence: 3
2
V 3 = 2t + 6
Having found their “c” candidate …
2
… substitutes V = 16 2 into an
16 2 ) 3
= 2t + 6 ⇒ 12 = 2t + 6 depM1 ∗
equation involving V, t and “c”.

giving t = 3. A1
t=3cao
15 mark
Question
Scheme Marks
Number
Aliter
1 2 2
7. (b) x = V & S = 6x 2 ⇒ S = 6V
3 3
S = 6V 3
Way 2
−1 dV 1 31 dS −1 dV 1 31
= 4V 3 or = V = 4V 3 or = V
dS 4 dV dS 4

dV dS dV  1  2 1 dS dV 1
= × = 8.  − 31 
;= −1
= 2V 3 AG Candidate’s × 2V 3 A1
; M1;
dt dt dS  4V  V 3 dt dS

In ePEN, award Marks for

Way 2 in the order they appear on
this mark scheme.

Aliter
Separates the variables with
dV 1
∫ 2V ∫ 2 V dV oe on one
− 31
or
dV 1

∫ ∫ 1 dt
3
7. (c) 1 =
∫
3
side and 1 dt on the other
side.
Way 2 integral signs not necessary.

∫ ∫ 1 dt
− 31
V dV =

Attempts to integrate and …

2
2
… must see V and t; 3

)V 3
= t (+c)
Correct equation with/without + c.

Use of V = 8 and t = 0 in a changed

(8) = (0) + c ⇒ c = 3
equation containing c ; c = 3 A1

2
Hence: 3
4
V3 = t + 3
Having found their “c”
candidate …
2
… substitutes V = 16 2 into an
16 2 ) 3
=t+3 ⇒ 6=t+3 depM1 ∗
equation involving V, t and “c”.

giving t = 3. A1
t=3cao

.
Question
Scheme Marks
Number
Alitersimilar to way 1.
dV dV
(b) V x3 ⇒ = 3x 2 = 3x 2
dx dx
Way 3
dV dV dS dx  1  dV dS dx
= × × = 3x 2 .8.   ; = 2x Candidate’s × × λx A1
;M1;
dt dx dt dS  12x  dx dt dS

1 dV 1 1 dV 1
x = V 3 , then = 2V 3 AG Use of x = V , to give
3
= 2V 3
dt dt

Aliter
dV
Separates the variables with
∫V 1
3
or

(c) ∫ =
∫ 2 dt ∫ V dV on one side and
− 31

∫ 2 dt on the other side.

Way 3 integral signs not necessary.

∫V dV =
∫ 2 dt
Attempts to integrate and …
2
… must see V and 34 t;3

V = 4
3
t (+c)
Correct equation with/without + c.

Use of V = 8 and t = 0 in a changed

(8) = 43 (0) + c ⇒ c = 4
equation containing c ; c = 4 ; A1

2
Hence: V = 34 t + 4 3

Having found their “c” candidate …

2
… substitutes V = 16 2 into an
16 2 ) 3
= 4
3
t+6 ⇒ 8= 4
3
t+4 depM1 ∗
equation involving V, t and “c”.

giving t = 3. A1
t=3cao