Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Introduction
1. The Risk Assessment Management System (RAMS) provides schools with a useful
tool to systematically identify possible hazards of an activity and take measures to
reduce and/or manage the potential risks involved to an acceptable level.
2. RAMS is effective only when potential risks are consciously evaluated before,
during and after the activity. In doing so, deliberate management decisions are taken
to reduce and/or manage potential risks so as to ensure the safety of participants.
3. RAMS entails a 5-step management process (see Diagram 1). It is neither a one-off
event nor an administrative exercise. It is a dynamic, evolving, and on-going process
that requires changes and adaptations according to the nature of activity and/or the
prevailing circumstances in-situ.
Diagram 1.
5-Step Management Process
5. Everyone, from the organiser to the participants, has a part to play in RAMS and
must take all reasonably practicable measures to ensure safety of the individuals
involved and every person within the activity premise. Where service providers are
involved, they must also take all reasonably practicable measures to eliminate,
reduce and/or manage the risks for the activity undertaken by them.
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Risk Assessment Team
6. RAMS is never a one man show; it should be conducted by a team who collectively
has adequate knowledge of the activity and the environment involved. The overall
teacher-in-charge should be familiar with RAMS processes.
b. ensure that the risk control measures are implemented without undue delay
after the completion of RAMS;
c. inform all persons, including the participants, involved in the activity, of the
risks, and the means to eliminate or, where possible, minimise, the risks;
e. integrate the findings of the RAMS in the documented plan for the activity.
g. review and update the risk assessment whenever there is a significant change
in the activity, or after an incident involving the activity process; and
h. ensure that all personnel involved (i.e. the team) are aware of the risk
assessment for the activity they carry out.
c. document the risk assessment for the school upon completion of the risk
assessment; and
9. Staff should:
b. inform the Team Leader of any shortcomings in the risk control measures.
10. If service providers are engaged, they should work with the risk assessment team to
identify hazards, evaluate and control the risks.
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5-step Management Process of RAMS
11. Prior to conducting a RAMS, reference should be made to the existing guidelines
and previous records of work for the activity. These may include:
Risk
Severity Description
Score
No injuries, incur low financial loss, low
Insignificant 1
environmental impact
Injury requiring first aid treatment, incur some
Minor 2
financial loss/ some environmental impact
Injury requiring medical treatment or ill-health
leading to disability (e.g. lacerations, burns,
stains, minor fractures, dermatitis, deafness,
Moderate 3
work-related upper limb disorders), incur high
financial loss, high environmental impact
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Serious/extensive injury (e.g. amputations,
major fractures, multiple injuries, acute
Major 4
poisoning and fatal diseases), incur major
financial loss, severe environmental damage
May result in death or large number of serious
Catastrophic 5 injuries, incur huge financial loss,
environmental disaster
To determine the risk level, add the Risk Scores for Severity and Likelihood.
Then use Table 3 to interpret the Risk Level.
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Table 3. Risk matrix to determine risk level
10 9
Frequent 8 7 6
5 Extremely Extremely
High High Medium
High High
9
Likely 8 7 6 5
4 Extremely
High High Medium Medium
High
Occasional 8 7 6 5 4
3 High High Medium Medium Low
Seldom 7 6 5 4 3
2 High Medium Medium Low Low
Unlikely 6 5 4 3 2
1 Medium Medium Low Low Low
a. Based on the risk level determined in Step 2 (Risk Matrix), risk controls
should be developed to eliminate/reduce the risk level to an acceptable level.
This can be done by reducing the Severity and/or Likelihood.
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Table 4. Risk score, risk level, risk acceptability and recommended actions
Risk Risk
Risk Level Recommended actions
Score Acceptability
Immediate action required. Terminate the activity if
Extremely Not
9 – 10 additional control measures do not lower the Risk
High acceptable
Level.
High Risk level must be reduced to at least Medium
Risk before activity commences.
Risk control measures should not be interim and
should not be overly dependent on personal
Not
7–8 High Risk protective equipment or appliances. If need be, the
acceptable
hazard should be eliminated before activity
commences.
Immediate management intervention is required
before activity commences.
A careful evaluation of the hazards should be carried
out to ensure that the risk level is reduced to as low
Medium Moderately as is practicable within a defined time period.
5–6
Risk acceptable Interim risk control measures, such as administrative
controls, may be implemented.
Management attention is required.
No additional risk control measures may be needed.
However, frequent review may be needed to ensure
2–4 Low Risk Acceptable
that the risk level assigned is accurate and does not
increase over time.
Once all the risk controls are selected, the risk assessment team needs to appoint
action officers for follow-up actions within a specified deadline. In this way, the
specific action officers to implement the control can be clearly identified and the
follow-up dates will help to ensure timeliness in implementation.
a. The final step for Risk Management is "Effective Supervision" to ensure the
effectiveness of risk controls. The action officers are responsible for
enforcing the control measures and will have to be vigilant at all times. Chief
Safety Officer/Principals must monitor and modify the control measures
where appropriate.
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b. After implementing the control measures, there is a need to analyse, evaluate and
decide whether the risk level has been lowered to an acceptable level.
Communication
17. Throughout the risk management process, communication amongst stakeholders at every
step is essential. Communication:
d. enables stakeholders to know the risks they face and the appropriate control
measures to implement to reduce and/or manage the risks.
18. The ‘W’ Checklist offers the various considerations for reference in the conduct of
RAMS. The checklist is not meant to be exhaustive. Schools should use the checklist
relevant to a specific activity and add on additional considerations based on the
nature of the activity. The checklist is subdivided into the following categories:
a. WHY
This refers to the specific objectives that the activity aims to achieve. It
prompts the Risk Assessment Team to:-
b. WHAT
This prompts the Risk Assessment Team to assess the logistics for the
activity in asking the following questions:-
iii. Has adequate and reliable transportation service been arranged for?
vi. Are nutritional values and special dietary needs catered for?
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vii. Is drinking water from a clean and reliable source?
c. WHEN (TIMING)
This prompts the Risk Assessment Team to consider the following where
timing is considered:-
ii. Has the start/stop timing for each phase of the activity been carefully
planned for?
d. WHO (PEOPLE)
This prompts the Risk Assessment Team to assess the readiness of the group
with regard to teachers/adult supervisors and participants as follows:-
viii. To what extent will the inherent nature of the activity allow the leader
to remain in control of the group?
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x. Is the leader competent enough to execute the emergency evacuation
plan when the need arises?
e. WHERE
iii. Are updated maps available for planning and use during activity?
vii. Have tide-tables been checked for the appropriate time to conduct the
activity?
viii. Have the strength and direction of the currents been considered?
ix. Have provisions been made for safety boats and trained
personnel in lifesaving?
f. WEATHER
Careful consideration should be given to impending weather that may affect
the conduct of activity:-
(a) Lightning;
(b) Storm;
18. The ‘W’ Checklist Form is attached (Appendix 1) to help schools carry out the
RAMS.
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Appendix 1
Risk Assessment Management System
‘W’ Checklist
Contact NA
Person:
OVERSEAS VENDOR CONTACT DETAILS (IF ANY)
Company name
NA
& full address:
Office number: NA Mobile number: NA
Contact
NA
Person:
WHY
State learning objectives:
1. To clear Scouts for their First Class Scout Standard.
2. To provide opportunities for Scouts in the district to have a “feel” of the Chief Commissioner’s Award Hike, if
they intend to pursue the CCA test.
3. To be proficient in planning and preparing for a hike.
4. To allow participants to put what they have learnt in theory to practice.
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Program
Day 1
1300h - Registration
1330h - Flag break / opening ceremony
1400h - Lesson on constructing a hike log
1600h - Constructing their own hike log
1745h - Flag lowering
1800h - Dinner / wash up (get ready for hike, not for bathing)
1900h - Final preparation phase for hike
1930h - Final briefing and preparation for hike
2000h - Set out for hike
Day 2
0800h - Cease hike / all to report back to JSS
0830h - Personal Administration
0930h - Completing the hike log (Snacks to be given)
1330h - Submission of hike log / break camp
1400h - All to clear JSS
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Hike Route:
1. Start point – Jurong Secondary School (Groups to be despatched in intervals of 7 min)
2. Proceeding to Checkpoint 1 – Jurong Point
a Via Yung Kuang Road – Corporation Rd – Boon Lay Way
3. Proceeding to Checkpoint 2 – Jurong Junior College
a Via Boon Lay Way – Boon Lay Dr – Boon Lay Avenue
4. Proceeding to Checkpoint 3 – Home Team NS (Bukit Batok)
a Via Jurong West Ave 2* – Old Jurong Rd* – Bukit Batok Rd
5. Proceeding to Checkpoint 4 – Keat Hong LRT Station
a Via Bukit Batok Rd – Choa Chua Kang Way
6. Procceding to Checkpoint 5 – Unity Primary School
a Via Choa Chu Kang Ave 1 – Choa Chu Kang Dr – Choa Chu Kang North 7 – Choa Chu Kang Crescent
7. Proceeding to Checkpoint 6 – Al-Iman Mosque
a Via Choa Chu Kang Crescent – Choa Chua Kang Dr – Choa Chu Kang North 6 – Woodlands Rd^ - Bukit
Panjang Rd – Bukit Panjang Ring Rd
8. Proceeding to Checkpoint 7 – Memories at Old Fort Factory
a Via Bukit Panjang Ring Rd – Petir Rd – Cashew Rd – Upper Bukit Timah Rd^
9. Proceeding to Checkpoint 8 – Beauty World Centre
a Via Upper Bukit Timah Rd
10. Proceeding to Checkpoint 9 – Bukit Batok Swimming Complex
a Via Jalan Jurong Kechil – Bukit Batok East Ave 6
11. Proceeding to Checkpoint 10 – Chinese Garden MRT Station
a Via Bukit Batok Ave 1 – Jurong East Central – Jurong East Ave 1 – Jurong Town Hall Rd – Boon Lay
Way
12. Proceeding to End point – Jurong Secondary School
a Via Boon Lay Way – Yuan Ching Rd
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Hazards Identification Risk Evaluation Implementation
Score
Severity (a)
Likelihood (b)
S/n
Possible Potential
Strategies to reduce risk to an acceptable level
hazards incidents/ Action Follow-
accidents
WHAT
1. Equipment
a) Appropriate equipment Participa Participa 1 1 2 Candidates have been told what to bring, GSL of 29 Apr.
is available. nts forget nts and what to wear. particip 2011
to bring unable to ating
appropria hike units
te
equipme
nt
b) Appropriate equipment Participa Participa 1 1 2 Safety vehicle will retrieve affected All 30 Apr.
is serviceable. nts bring nt unable candidates back to school. SEVaR 2011
faulty to s
gear complete
hike
c) Others : NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
2. Transport
a) Transportation service NA NA NA NA NA No group transport employed. Safety NA NA
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Hazards Identification Risk Evaluation Implementation
Score
Severity (a)
S/n
Possible Potential
Strategies to reduce risk to an acceptable level
Likelihood (b)
hazards incidents/ Action Follow-
accidents
Severity (a)
S/n
Possible Potential
Strategies to reduce risk to an acceptable level
Likelihood (b)
hazards incidents/ Action Follow-
accidents
c) Special dietary needs Participa Participa 1 1 2 Vegetarians have been identified. Food Chong 28 Apr.
are met. nts nts may ordered is Halal certified hao 2011
unable to not have
eat due the
to diet energy to
restriction hike
s
d) If self-catering, NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
additional hygiene
measures are in place.
e) Water is potable. NA NA NA NA NA Singapore’s tap water is portable. NA NA
f) Others : NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
WHEN (TIMING)
4. Programme
a) Duration of activity is Hike and Participa 2 3 5 Every group must have their night snack at Izzat 30 Apr.
appropriate (e.g. rest-point nts 1 checkpoint, also for the purpose of 2011
start/stop/rest time). duration rushed to resting for a longer time. ETA have been
insufficie meet set by candidates, catered to their own
nt. duration, pace.
resulting
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Hazards Identification Risk Evaluation Implementation
Score
Severity (a)
S/n
Possible Potential
Strategies to reduce risk to an acceptable level
Likelihood (b)
hazards incidents/ Action Follow-
accidents
in
complace
ncy to
safety.
b) Timing of activity is Timing Road 3 2 5 Hike conducted at night, to avoid usual Mdm 30 Apr.
appropriate (e.g. 5km planned accident. road volume of vehicles during the day. Ho 2011
run conducted before inappropr And also to avoid heat-related injuries
10.30am or after iate for common in the day.
3.30pm). hiking.
c) Possible delay in Hike Participa 1 3 4 A realistic hike duration prepared Izzat 30 Apr.
activity (e.g. day hike duration nts suffer (depending on weather condition and 2011
extended into night). over-run fatigue condition of participants observed) allowing
allocated due to hike to proceed at a comfortable pace, and
program prolonge to meet check-point ETAs comfortably.
slot. d hiking.
d) Others : NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
WHO (PEOPLE)
5. Teachers and Adult
Supervisors
a) Teacher(s)/adult Insufficie Ratio not 1 1 2 Ratio within requirement, with additional Izzat 30 Apr.
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Hazards Identification Risk Evaluation Implementation
Score
Severity (a)
S/n
Possible Potential
Strategies to reduce risk to an acceptable level
Likelihood (b)
hazards incidents/ Action Follow-
accidents
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Hazards Identification Risk Evaluation Implementation
Score
Severity (a)
Likelihood (b)
S/n
Possible Potential
Strategies to reduce risk to an acceptable level Action Follow-
hazards incidents/
accidents
Aid
situations
.
d) Personnel is competent Personne Lightning 3 2 5 Candidates have been brief on lightning Mdm 30 Apr.
to co-ordinate/execute l not able risk. risk procedures. A hike suspension will be Ho 2011
emergency evacuation to cope imposed should the need arise. Safety
plan (e.g. search and with vehicle will continuously patrol hike route to
rescue). respond to emergencies.
emergen
cies.
e) Others : NA NA NA NA NA NA
NA NA
6. Participants
a) Participants understand Participa Participa 2 1 3 A pre-hike safety brief will be conducted, Izzat 30 Apr.
the objectives of nts do nts take and candidates go through a preparation 2011
activity. not unnecess stage for the hike.
compreh ary risks.
end the
hike
objective
s.
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Hazards Identification Risk Evaluation Implementation
Score
Severity (a)
S/n
Possible Potential
Strategies to reduce risk to an acceptable level
Likelihood (b)
hazards incidents/ Action Follow-
accidents
b) Participants are Participa Participa 2 1 3 In mixed groups, seniors are responsible Izzat 30 Apr.
competent for activity nts are nts do for the well-being of their juniors. This 2011
(e.g. participate in pre- not not promotes healthy
activity training). compete possess interaction/encouragement and the need for
nt for the the team-spirit.
hike. necessar
y skill-set
to cope
with the
hike.
c) Participants are aware Participa Participa 2 1 3 Candidates are familiar with outdoor safety Izzat, 30 Apr.
of and adhere to safety nts are nts are precautions. They will also be briefed on Mdm 2011
requirements of not unable to outdoor safety precautions during pre-hike Ho
activity. aware of anticipate safety briefing. Hike discipline will be
safety and imposed during the hike itself by Izzat
precautio prepare
ns. safety
precautio
ns.
d) Special needs of Participa Participa 1 1 2 Common causes have been identified and Izzat, 30 Apr.
participants are met. nts unfit nts anticipated (eg groin abrasion, sprains). Mdm 2011
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Hazards Identification Risk Evaluation Implementation
Score
Severity (a)
S/n
Possible Potential
Strategies to reduce risk to an acceptable level
Likelihood (b)
hazards incidents/ Action Follow-
accidents
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Hazards Identification Risk Evaluation Implementation
Score
Severity (a)
S/n
Possible Potential
Strategies to reduce risk to an acceptable level
Likelihood (b)
hazards incidents/ Action Follow-
accidents
rest
b) Fire safety and NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
evacuation route is
communicated to all.
c) Area map is available Area map Routing 1 1 2 Maps are available. Pre-planned hike route Izzat 29 Apr.
for use during activity. not of hike has been submitted in above itinerary. 2011
available not
known.
d) Reconnaissance of Recce Risk 2 1 3 Recce of the entire hike route has been Izzat 28 Apr.
area is conducted. not hotspots conducted, as close to hike timing as 2011
conducte not possible to ensure understanding of area
d. known. conditions. All possible risk hotspots have
been identified.
e) In-country authorities Nearest Fatal/seri 4 1 5 Nearest medical facilities and hospitals are Izzat, 30 Apr.
and facilities (e.g. medical ous known. Mdm 2011
police, national park facilities cases of Ho
rangers, hospital) are not casualty
accessible and/or known. evacuatio
contactable for n
assistance and support affected.
in the event of an
emergency.
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Hazards Identification Risk Evaluation Implementation
Score
Severity (a)
S/n
Possible Potential
Strategies to reduce risk to an acceptable level
Likelihood (b)
hazards incidents/ Action Follow-
accidents
f) Water conditions (e.g. High Traffic 4 1 5 Risk hotspots identified. Hike conducted at Izzat 30 Apr.
tides, currents, flash volume of accident. night to avoid day traffic volume. 2011
floods) and traffic (e.g. vehicular
ships, power boats). traffic.
g) Others : NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
WEATHER
8. Inclement Weather
a) Weather forecast and Storm or Lightning 4 1 5 A hike suspension will be imposed in the Izzat, 30 Apr.
warning (e.g. lightning, lightning strike event of a storm or localised lightning Mdm 2011
flash flood, hot or cold activities. activity, and all candidates will proceed to Ho
spell, haze). the nearest fixed-shelter.
b) Others : NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
NOTE:
• Please indicate ‘N.A.’ in cells that are not applicable.
Implementation
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Excursion Checklist Action Plan Action Follow-
Officer up Date
9. Communication
a) Establish communication with school and service Contact with staff stationed in school is available. Izzat 30 Apr.
provider via hand phone, satellite phone and/or other 2011
appropriate devices.
b) Establish communication with in-country authorities and Contacts for emergency services are available. Izzat 30 Apr.
facilities (e.g. police, national park rangers, hospital) for 2011
assistance and support in the event of an emergency.
c) Compile contact list of stakeholders (e.g. parents, MFA Contacts with candidates parents are available with the Izzat 29 Apr.
Duty Office, and in-country medical facilities). GSLs of participating schools. 2011
10. Medical
a) Arrange for medical screening and vaccinations for NA NA NA
teachers/adult supervisors and participants (if necessary).
b) Procure comprehensive travel insurance for all (e.g. NA NA NA
International SOS for emergency evacuation).
c) Ensure availability of in-country medical facilities or 24-Hour Emergency services are available Izzat 29 Apr.
personnel. 2011
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Implementation
Action Plan
Excursion Checklist Action Follow-
Officer up Date
d) Ensure accessibility to medical facilities or personnel in Emergency facilities are easily accessible. Izzat 29 Apr.
the event of an emergency. 2011
11. Overseas Travel
a) E-register with MFA at least 3 days before departure. NA NA NA
b) Monitor and comply with MFA travel advisory on natural NA NA NA
disasters, pandemic outbreak, social-political unrest.
12. Others
a) NA NA NA
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Risk Assessment Team comprises:
Name of Officer(s) Designation
DVL Muhd Izzat Roslan Course Director
DC Eugene Sim Course Advisor
DCSL Mdm Ho Course Advisor
Vetted by:
Name of HOD Signature Date
Submission of Overseas Excursion details to MFA via MFA eRegister (if applicable):
Prepare details of itinerary and participants for overseas excursion.
Enter details for BF01_MFA-MOE form via the Overseas Excursion Management (OEM) Module in the School Cockpit.
Generate the BF01_MFA-MOE form from the Reports Portal in the School Cockpit.
Submit BF01_MFA-MOE form as an attachment at www.mfa.gov.sg at least 3 days before departure.
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Approved by:
Name of Chief Safety Officer/Principal Signature Date
Comments:
Assessment Review
Name of Person-in-charge Signature Date
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