Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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execution of the liquidation plan, including the settlement of
its liabilities, while preserving the full rights of its staff.
A. Generators
B. Synchronous Motors
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A synchronous motor is constructed much like a generator/ it has a
field winding excited by a D.C current and a stator winding fed
from an A.C source. During a short circuit, the voltage of the
system is reduced to a very low value. Consequently, the motor
stops delivering energy to the mechanical load and starts slowing
down. However, the inertia of the load and the motors rotor
continue driving the synchronous motor
C. Induction Motors
The inertia of the load and the rotors of an induction motor has the
same effect on an induction motors as on a synchronous motor.
However, there is a major difference, which is the induction motor
has no D/C field winding.
This causes a current to flow to the shorts circuit until the rotors
flux decays to zero. Since there is not sustained filed current, the
shorts circuit current decays in a few cycles. However, the flux last
long enough to produce a current which contributes to the total
short circuit current.
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Thereof, the contribution of power capacitors to system faults can
be neglected.
E. Transmission Plan
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• Survey: Information about natural environment, geological
features, local communities and regulations in the area of
interest etc. is collected in this phase and several alternative
routes are compared in terms of environmental impact,
technical issues and cost of construction.
• Basic Route: Basic route is determined by the position of
each tower along the proposed routes and interference of
radio wave caused by the transmission line is estimated. All
this is done using a medium scale top sheet.
• Detailed Route: A photogram metric surveying is performed
along the basic route. Based on the results, the detailed
position of each tower is determined in the large scale
(1:2,000) . And engineering design process follows, which
includes the determination of tower type, tower height and
supporting devices, and the cost estimation.
• Route for Implementation: In this phase, the detailed field
surveying is performed along the determined route. The
towers, wires and basement of towers are designed.
A. Rotating Machines
B. Transformers
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Two-winding transformers: the two winding transformers are
modeled in the positive, negative and zero sequence networks
There are many cases for the process of planning for transmissions
lines. Because of that, it is difficult to mention all of them. During
the cope period, I have chosen two cases that show the this process
fully. The first one is for Al-Senaeyah. The second one is for
Aramco. There are many differences between the two areas and
because of these differences, these two cases have been chosen.
One of the most important differences is that the transmission lines
of Al-Senaeyah are underground while the Aramco’s projects use
overhead transmission lines. Moreover, it is a well known fact that
Aramco demands special requirements for its different part and
many sites and locations and facilities. These two cases are
discussed in the following pages.
A. Al-Senaeyah
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The first case is for establishing underground transmission lines for
Al-Senaeyah. This part is divided into three sections in order to
discuss the process from different angles. The first one is the
systems requirement. The second one is the planning process and
finally the third one is the objectives and output of the project.
System Requirements
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5. a Kick-off meeting must be held for covering issues such as
project implementations, scope of the work and schedule.
Planning Process
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g. Detailed explanation for adopting the major/minor sections
arrangement of the cross bonding
h. Cable pulling tension and sidewall pressure calculations
5. Soil investigation report for thermal and electrical receptivity
measurement along the whole cable route.
6. The drawing from this phase must include:
a. Drawing control sheet
b. Abbreviations, Symbol and legends
c. Plot plan
d. 69kV underground system one line diagram
e. Non-metallic fiber optic system one line diagram
f. 96kV power and fiber optic cables routing plant and profile
g. cable termination arrangement plan sections and details
h. cable metallic sheath grounding arrangement and details
i. link box location, connections and detail
j. 96kV power and opticak fiber cable routing sections,
elevations and details
k. foundation details for 69kv cable box and other support
structures
l. details of trenches duct banks and hand holes
m. Bonding of trenches duct banks and hand holes
n. bonding method and grounding arrangement details
o. Interface diagram with 69kV switchgear at DIE1A, DIE1Bm
DIE1C and 2A substations.
7. Manufacturing’s technical specifications (literature, catalog,
drawings, type test report and completed data schedules) of the
following equipment:
a. 69kV power cable
b. Grounding cables
c. Non-Metallic fiber optic cable
d. Non-Metallic fiber optic cable accessories
e. 69kV cable termination/Splice Kits
f. Cable supports
g. Sheath voltage limiter
h. Lin box
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i. Link Box foundations
j. Link Box Barricade Arrangement
k. Cable Warning Tape
l. Cable titles
m.Wire mesh
n. Cable warning post
o. Duct sealing units
p. Cable title cover
q. PVC conduits and fittings
r. Power cable clamps
s. Fire proofing material to protect the cable in cable basement
t. Material related to fiber optic cables
8. Type test reports for major equipment/materials
9. Factory and site test program
10. Job safety plan
11. Site security plan
12. QA/QC plan
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Utilize 25mmФ sub duct available in duct bank system from hand
hole HH#A up to control room to route the underground fiber optic
cable at DIE Sub #1B.
B. ARAMCO
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System Requirements
First of all, all components, materials and required work for the
satisfactory completion of the project and other accessories
covered under the succeeding scope of the project are supplied and
installed according to the planning phase. In addition, the
engineering design, materials specifications and installation of
materials supplies under the project are in accordance with the
SOW/TS and Aramco’s standards. However, if there is a conflict
between the two types of standards, then a meeting must be held to
discuss the best solution. Moreover, the material specifications
specified herein are to be considered as the minimum requirements
and the bidders shall carry their own basic detailed designs
necessary for their proposal specification. The detailed design must
be finalized through design conference based on guideline
drawings issued hereof, manufacturer’s drawings, calculation data
sheet and others.
1. Mobilization
2. Soil investigation and analysis
3. Line route survey checks and structures staking
4. structure spotting
5. Design, fabrication and erection of the 230kV and 115kV
steel structures
6. Supply, procurement, inspection, testing storage and handling
of required materials
7. Transportation and delivery of all materials to the work site
8. Construction of access roads, finger roads and structure pads.
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9. Installation of conductors, OPGW, OGW, spacer dampers,
vibration dampers, joint boxes and associated hardware and
accessories.
10. Design, testing and construction’s grounding system.
11. Design, fabrication and installation of steel bayonet
along the existing wood frame structures.
12. Reinstatement of damage concrete asphalt due to
construction activates.
13. Testing and commissioning
14. Demobilization and clean up.
The project that has been made for Aramco involves the
construction of the following overhead transmission lines:
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5. Approximately 1.0 kilometers of 115kV D/C O/H T/L on
double circuit steel srtcuutres using 2-336.4 kcmil
ACSR/AW “Oriole” conductors per phase. The proposed
O/H T/L shal be connected to the existing 115kV Juaymah to
Qatif Booster Substation o/H t?l.
6. Modification of existing 230kV Ghazlan-Ras Tanura 230kV
O/H T/L near Ghazlan Power Plant, approximately 1.0 km
long, using 2-795 kcmil ACSR/AW “Drake” conductor per
phase. The existing 230kV O/H T/L shall be diverted and
reconnected to the new gantry positions inside Ghazlan
Power Plant Switchyard.
Planning Process
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3- Manufacturer’s literature, specifications, brochures, drawings
and completed material data schedules.
4- Loss prevention program
5- Site security plan
6- Site-pre-commissioning and commissioning tests and plan
7- Schedule of required outages
8- Site project plans.
There are five types of overhead transmission line work that have
been done for Aramco. These five lines are as the following:
2. The last O/H T/L structure before the gantry structure will be
anchor type structure. The grounding of the anchor structure will
be connected to the grounding grid of the substation.
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per phase with two conventional overhead ground wire (24kA fault
current capacity at 0.30 sec at 50 C initial temperature) from New
Juaymah 230/115kV BSP to Abu Sa’fa. The conductor OPGW and
OGW will be terminated at the proposed gantries at both ends. One
circuit position which s the left side acing New Juayamh
230/115kV BSP must remain vacant.
2. The last O/H T/L structure before the gantry structure will be
anchor type structure up to the gantry for shielding purposes.
Line-1 should be two circuits with 1-24 core OPGW (24kA fault
current capacity at 0.30 sec at 50 C initial temperature) and one
conventional overhead ground wire (24kA fault current capacity at
0.30 sec at 50 C initial temperature).
Line-2 should be one circuits and one circuit position (right side
facing New Juaymah 230/1115kV BSP) should remain vacant.
Two conventional overhead ground wire (24kA fault current
capacity at 0.30 sec at 50 C initial temperature).
2. The last O/H T/L structure before the gantry structure will be
anchor type structure. The grounding of the anchor structure will
be connected to the grounding grid of the substation.
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1. Cutline circuit “B” between structure #32 and #33 of the
existing Ghazaln Power Plant-ras Tanura Sub. 80 230kV overhead
transmission line is used. This Circuit is diverted to the New
Juaymah 230/115kV BSP to loop in and out of the New Juaymah
230/115kV BSP using steel monopole structure approximately .60
km with two 795 kcmil :Darke: 26/7 ACSR/AW conductor per
phase and 2-24 core OPGW (24kA fault current capacity at 0.30
sec at 50 C initial temperature). This diversion will creat new
circuit connection from Ghazlan Power Plant to New Juyamh
230/115kV BSP and New Juyamh 230/115kV BSP to Ras Tanura
Sub. 80.
2. The last O/H T/L structure before the gantry structure will be
anchor type structure. The grounding of the anchor structure will
be connected to the grounding grid of the substation.
2. The last O/H T/L structure before the gantry structure will be
anchor type structure. The grounding of the anchor structure will
be connected to the grounding grid of the substation.
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CONCLUSION
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REFERENCES
www.sec.com
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