Nikhil Wyawahare et al.
/ (IJAEST) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES
A Design Approach for Vehicle Black Box System Using FPGA Based LIN
Controller
1 Nikhil Wyawahare
1 Research student, ECE Department
G.H. Raisoni college of Engineering
Nagpur, India
nikhilwvre3@rediffmail.com
Abstract— a design approach for vehicle Black Box system using
FPGA Based LIN Controller. It is proposed that the system will
consists of monitor as LIN Controller. Which on activation test its
run application after authentication it will form packets of
emergency data depending upon spontaneous situation & risk;
Packets which are generated through LIN Controller namely flows
in all network buses which are connected to LIN master and
Slaves. As on the same time packets are store into the memory
which is present in FPGA as a Black Box for vehicle. Stored data
we can retrieve for analysis to see accident cause or any
emergency situation occurs. Analog to digital conversion is
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required for digital data in along with controller for Black Box.
Fully hardware is responsible for sensed data in to memory part of
Black Box and VHDL language is used for coding
Index Term- LIN – Local Interconnect network, ADC-
Analog to digital convertor, FPGA- Field programmable gate
array, DIP – Dual In Line package.
I. INTRODUCTION
A new technology tell for future to do fully automated
system may call as good driving experience with driver
comforts and safety. But it is also look after for
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economical standard in today’s world. As expectation from
vehicular manufacture, researchers led to design easily
interlinking with ECU part now are very common. ECU part
required the communication media with intelligent system may
known as controller mostly the controller having its internal bus
mechanism that will help to communicate with each other. Here
LIN act as Controller which having one master and we can
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design system up to 16 salves which are connected to its master
with link called as bus. LIN is used for controlling between
controller and device. The LIN is a serial communication
protocol which efficiently supports the control of mechatronic
nodes in distributed automotive applications. Lin bus has Single
master / multiple slaves (maximum 16) configuration with self
synchronized low cost silicon single wire implementation with
around 20 k bits/ s data transfer rate. Master task is allowed to
transmit the message header and slave task responds to the
header. Because there is no arbitration, to avoid error multiple
slave reception, the slave is specified with application. The
master checks the Consistency of message and can change
message schedule. To reduce the power consumption of the
system, a LIN node may be sent to sleep node which has no
internal activity & passive bus driver. A new methodology is
ISSN: 2230-7818 @ 2011 http://www.ijaest.iserp.org. All rights Reserved.
Vol No. 6, Issue No. 1, 031 - 034
2 Milind khanapurkar
2 Professor, Head of Department, ECE Department
G.H.Raisoni College of Engineering
Nagpur, India
m_khanapurkar@rediffmail.com
now demanded more where vehicle communicate with the
world, devices with them this will create more opportunity to
develop advanced communication devices which are isn’t smart
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to tell its status and its internal working pro forma at same time
of activation or in the middle of journey. A smart vehicle is
always look after on its all devices which is sensed every some
time instances decided by the programmer.
Paper is divided into sixth sections; Section 2 narrates
review and discussion related to LIN protocol and design for
hardware structure. Electronic Control units (ECUs), hardware
used components
II. REVIEW & DESIGN
By the use of LIN protocol a design approach is made of,
like to stored Speed, temperature, and sound etc. sensor which
is used to detect the physical change in environment
surrounding to vehicle which is under test. A sensed data is
never to be look directly as digital stage. Then there is moral
responsibility to convert it first into digital one. Then and then
some action which is assumed to be consider for controlled
sensed data in. for digital conversion ADC0809CCN is used as
successive approximation style of conversion. IC
ADC0809CCN is in DIP package 28 pin. Here pin no 26and 27
are used for input data. When logic 1 to the soc pin; conversion
process started as action is taken on to the analog sensed data;
rate of conversion is fully depend on the pin no 11, 12, 9 these
pins are used for threshold value comparison here we kept all of
these on + 5v (logic 1). And pin no 23, 24, 25 are used for
channel selection.
As one more important thing is consider when we are
working with FPGA kit it required + 3.3v supply input data
only. For that we are familiar to use a 3.3v zener diode after
data out from ADC controller same for all D0-D7 bit. Digitized
data is stored according to the controller action.
A three channel ADC controller is used to select proper
input that is sensor part for vehicle. For our data input we are
considering three different types of sensor. A first sensor is
used for audio, second for temperature and third last but not
least speeds. For audio recording a condenser mic is used to
sense driver conversation, mic gives analog voltage equivalent
to audio after amplifying these voltages by using IC 741 it is
given to pin no 26 of ADC0809CCN.
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Vol No. 6, Issue No. 1, 031 - 034

For temperature measure we used LM 35 which is small in
size and give 10mv/°c value output for every sensation. Its
value is always in analog is required to be convert in to digital
so after digital conversion its input is given to the pin no 27 of
IC0809CCN.
Finally for Speed is directly measure from such sensor
which gives digital pulses for any motion; here motion is taken
from vehicle wheel rotation. For demo purpose we consider as
opto-coupler. Here selection of which channel is now to be
used is totally depend on the controller code program. As we
can manually also check for each sensor for that just we have to
do a contact of input to pin no 26 and 27 respectively to IC
0809CCN manually at one time one in put only.
Complete hardware is going to be run on the power supply
of +9v battery. A most of IC are run on the + 5v supply. Then L
7805 IC is used to convert as desired value for operation. Again
we are coming for FPGA section as digital input is given
Figure: 2 shows that the data packet thus formed will be
transmitted to all the Subsystems via networks in the vehicle.
The subsystem depending upon the data will operate and will
take action. Main action of black box is to store every input
which is sensed from device. Here code for memory is totally
depend on the memory size for testing purpose we keep as 64
bytes of value which led to 0 to 15 address line. As we can
increase the memory size by increasing only address line no.
thus we are mention that FPGA kit is Xilinx Spartan-3
XC3S200, FT256AF, D1345180A, 4C use by us that having
standard memory size 256 kb. So we are working on that
support only.
In Reference [5] Temperature measurement a use of LM
35 Transistor. Figure 3 also shows that single connector wire
with bug connector, ribbon wire is connected for Connection.
+ 9v battery system for power driven to whole circuit design
which is much more economy.

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separately to FPGA input configured port. So we used single
bug connector. Before every bug point zener diode is active to
3.3 values.

III. LIN INTERFACE MODULE

Clk
Rd_n
Cs_n
We_n
LIN
Reg.
block

Control
ES Bit
Timing
Logic

Controller
Ad module
FSM
Di Bit
D0 Stream
Data Process Figure: 3 Actual hardware for Block Box System
Buffer or
Int
A
Figure: 3 shows that actual hardware for the ADC
controller and sensors like for Temperature measurement LM
Figure: 1. LIN module 35 Transistor, for Audio recording; Condenser mic with
Figure: 1 shows block schematic of typical LIN module. amplifier circuit. And also we can sense Speed by using Opto-
coupler. All these connection are made with A1 Expansion Slot
with FPGA board.
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IV. A DESIGN APPROACH TO INTELLIGENT VEHICLE BLACK

A On Chip BOX SYSTEM
Audio D FPGA Memory
Physical C LIN
0
In Reference [1] LIN is low cost single wire
Data Controller
From 8 Black Box
implementation with speed of 20kbit/s It works on single
Sensors Temp. 0 System Recorded master multiple slave concept. Master task and Slave task
9 Audio Temp handle transfer of information. Master task has Synch. Break,
synch byte, ID field and slave task has wit for synch break,
 synchronize with synch break, perform as per ID. LIN master
On Board LED
slave have to manage error handling like bit error, checksum
 Display error, slave no answer error, bad synchronization frame.

Figure: 2 Block diagram of vehicular black box system

Figure: 4 LIN massage frame

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 Nikhil Wyawahare et al. / (IJAEST) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES
Vol No. 6, Issue No. 1, 031 - 034

Message Frame:

All LIN uses a single message frame format to

synchronize and address the nodes and exchange the data
between them. The master defines the transmission speed and
sends the header of the message frame see figure 4.This header
starts with a sync brake followed by a synch field to
synchronize the LIN slaves to the master’s bit rate. The ID is
the last header block; it holds information about the sender,
receiver and data field length.
In Reference [2] states that proposed a design approaches
for intelligent vehicle safety system. A proposed safety system
will look after the emergency data handling for in-vehicle
networking Thus in emergency Situations, the system will
provide or pass on the data to all the sub systems/ buses, which
are operating in the vehicle. The Data will be passed on to
subsystems through LIN bus. The nodes (subsystems)

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connected in the network on emergency situation data reception Figure: 6 Data input wave form for ADC Controller
can take the appropriate action. The data will also get registered
or stored in the Black Box within the system for making the Figure: 6 shows that data in wave form for the ADC
further analysis of emergency situations. Controller; this data is in 8 bit format same window is also
shows the status for soc =1 pin no 6 & 22 after that actual
conversion is started as soon as the data is force into the
V. SIMULATION RESULTS ES respective memory, i.e. audio is stored in audio memory block.
And Temperature is store in the Temperature memory block
which is shown in to next diagram. As after the full conversion
of 8-bit data through ADC controller got eoc =1 is to pin no 7.
This will force the final data into the memory block.
A
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Figure: 5 Code Compilation Windows
Figure: 5 show that VHDL code compilation window for
the ADC Controller, Black box (LIN Controller), with memory
code.

Figure :7 audio data stored in audio memory block
Figure: 7 shows that analog audio signal is successfully
converted by ADC controller and by channel slection respective
audio data which is now in digitised form is forced into
repective audio memory.

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 Nikhil Wyawahare et al. / (IJAEST) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES

Figure: 8 Temperature data is stored in Temperature memory block
Figure: 8 show that similarly temperature data in analog
is being converted into digital first and then it is forced in to the
temperature memory.
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Figure: 9 RTL View for Black box (LIN Controller)
Figure: 9 shows that RTL view for Black box system,
data_in (7:0), clk, eoc are the 3-inputs. and channel (1:0), and
memory_data (7:0), soc are the 3-outputs.
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Figure: 10 RTL View for ADC controller
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Vol No. 6, Issue No. 1, 031 - 034
VI. CONCLUSION
After the testing of the different parameter though the
sensor it is observed that data is easily stored in the memory
which is created within itself. LED shows the individual data
stored into the respected memory. With VHDL support which
is much economy to implement in practically. As ECU part is
much more flexible and available in bulk; that support the
future aspect which required intelligence from the automobile
part and stored data is retrieved easily for to know cause of
error and risk at emergency condition that make future more
safe.
REFERENCES
[1] Dakshata Gharode, Milind khanapurkar, Dr Preeti Bajaj
“Design Approach for in vehicle networking using Local
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Interconnect Network (LIN) in master/slave configuration”
International Conference ACVIT -07, November 28 to 30, 2007
[2] Milind Khanapurkar, Dr Preeti Bajaj, Dakshata Gharode “A
design approach for intelligent vehicle black box system with
Intra-vehicular communication using LIN /FLEXRAY
protocol”
ICIT 2008 International conference on Industrial technology,
Chengdu, China. April 21 to 24.
[3] Dakshata Gharode, Milind khanapurkar, Dr Preeti Bajaj
“Design approach for local interconnect network (LIN) in
master slave Configuration.” ETCC, Hamirpur. .July 27 to 28,
2007.
[4] A Shrinath a Emadi, “Electrical control units for automotive
electrical power system: communication and networks”.
International journal of automobile engineering proc of the
institution of mechanical Engineers .vol 218, partD, pp 217-
230, 2004, U.K.
[5] LIN general specification
http://www.lin-subbus.org/
[6] LIN transceiver- TJA1020 LIN Transceiver
- www.semiconductors.philips.com/pip/tja1020t
[7] Digilent Spartan 3 Featuring Xilinx Spartan FPGAs
www.digilentinc.com
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