CONAT20102059

STUDY OF DIESEL FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM USING ADVANCED

METHODS
1
Doru Băldean*, 1 Dan Moldovanu, 1 Bogdan Varga, 1 Emilian Borza, 1 Levente Kocsis
1
Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Romania,

KEYWORDS - diesel, injection system, fuel pressure, sensors, actuators

ABSTRACT - Fuel injection system play a significant role in achieving all kind of engine
performances. Fuel economy and power performance of internal combustion engines depends on the
injection system parameters. The present paper shows the way of parameters variation in different
operation conditions. Fuel pressure is a significant factor that influences combustion process and
engine performances. Fuel economy and combustion process influences the environmental protection
or pollution. Environmental pollution is a capital factor for the quality of existence. Human life and
prosper depends on their environment's condition. The study deeply follows few of the diesel fuel
injection system which influences the global engine operation and inclusively the polluting level.
There is crystal clear that the fuel injection pressures dictate the way the combustion develops. The
present study present the fuel injection pressure variations in different conditions, measured with
sophisticated instruments.

INTRODUCTION

The fuel injection, air supply and combustion process are very important - I.C.E. operational -
aspects and indirectly they affect the ambient pollution (Fig. 1) as long as motor vehicles
exist.

Fig. 1. Influence fuel combustion pollution of motor vehicles upon environment [4]
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EXPERIMENT SETUP

The experimental frame consists in two distinct vehicles with diesel engines of the same size,
but with different power output levels each, an advanced Bosch diagnosis station – having the
possibility to present the instantaneous operational parameters in real time and other media
recording devices (Fig. 2). All the information gained from the experimental system elements
previously mentioned.

Fig. 2. Hardware elements of the experiment system

There were chosen two vehicles of the same “family”, manufactured by Dacia-Renault
automotive plant from Mioveni, Piteşti County. The test protocol consisted in few predefined
steps (Fig. 3).

Fig. 3. Protocol steps of the experiment system

In the first phase the hardware pieces were configured properly, meaning that the diagnosis
interface was plugged in to the engine management and control unit socket in the passengers’
compartment. Besides this the photo camera and PC processing unit were also configured
properly for the scientific research purpose.

In the second phase the elements of the system were put into operation in order to control
their proper functioning to serve the experimental goal.

In the third phase the engines were brought to the predefined operation regimes: horizontal
linear displacement of vehicle in different gear speeds on the on hand and the zero load
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acceleration/deceleration of engine, on the other hand; in order to collect and manage the
experimental research data.

The fourth and final step was to process all the information gained from the field experiment,
then graphically represent it and scientifically interpret it.

FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM TEST RESULTS

In the following section are presented the testing results of the engine performance
experiment. In table 1 are presented the experimental data of 65 HP engine, while in table 2
are presented the test data of 85 HP engine.

Table 1 Experimental data of 65 HP engine

Engine Rail
Operating speed Pressure
No.
regime
[rpm] [daN/cm2]
1. 798 227,6
2. 799 232
3. 802 251,8
4. 1435 460,6
5. 2084 544,1
6. 2501 594,6
Acceleration

7. 2717 588
8. 2854 603,4
9. 2949 691,3
10. 3410 827,6
11. 3499 799
12. 3522 801,3
13. 3527 803,5
14. 3873 889
15. 3230 440,8
16. 1969 302,3
Deceleration

17. 1051 267,1

18. 814 216,6
19. 788 216,6
20. 800 225,4

In figure 4 are represented the test data for accelerating regime of both tested engines, while
in figure 5 are show the values correspondent to decelerating stage of the engines.
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Table 2 Experimental data of 85 HP engine

Engine Rail
Operating speed Pressure
No.
regime
[rpm] [daN/cm2]
1. 798 218.80
2. 797 238.60
4. 801 221

Acceleration 85
5. 803 236.4
6. 802 232
7. 802 232
8. 1245 374.8
9. 2620 498
10. 3396 660.5
11. 3889 829.8
12 3278 447.4
13 2141 350.6
14 1310 245.2
Deceleration 85

15 851 218.8
16 804 223.2
17 801 225.4
18 800 234.2
19 801 229.8
20 799 232
21 798 234.2
22 797 236.4

Fig. 4. Results of both engines tests when accelerating

It may be observed that 65 HP engine has an increased injection pressure for the same engine
speeds and the variation of the results curve is a polynomial shape.
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Fig. 5. Results of both engines tests when decelerating

In figure 5 are presented synthetically all engine test, in both operating regimes, in order to
analyze more efficiently the research data.

Fig. 6. Research results of both engines testing

In figure 6 are showed the 65 HP engine test data in field operating regime, in order to study
the traction and load influence upon injection pressure and indirectly upon combustion and
pollution (through consumption). It may be pointed out that the fuel consumption increases
when accelerating in different gear speeds, as an influence of injection pressure increase.
Because the highest acceleration of the vehicle (and of the engine implicitly) was in the fourth
gear, the peak point of rail fuel pressure was in this gear.
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Fig. 7. Testing results of 65 HP engine in different gears and vehicle speeds

OBSERVATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS

After testing the fuel injection system on motor vehicles with diagnosis equipment the
following conclusive ideas may be drawn:
- fuel rail injection pressure is close related to accelerating or decelerating regime,
- injection pressure is influenced also by the gear level, or by the output power,
- it is quite interesting to study the differences between the injection pressure levels
of the studied engines, and to it should be pointed out that the fuel rail pressure of
the 65 HP engine is in many situations higher than the 85 HP injection pressure,
especially when accelerating.

AKNOWLEGEMENT

This work was supported by the National Research Program BD research project no
323/2009.

REFERENCES

[1] Burnete, N., ş.a., Motoare Diesel şi biocombustibili pentru transportul urban, ISBN 978-
973-713-217-8, Editura Mediamira, Cluj-Napoca, 2008.
[2] Mariaşiu, F., Modelarea injecţiei de combustibil, Editura Sincron, ISBN 973-9234-44-5,
Cluj-Napoca, 2001.
[3] Mariaşiu, F., Motorul diesel contemporan. Procese. Construcţie. Elemente de calcul,
ISBN 973-9234-59-3, Editura Sincron, Cluj-Napoca, 2005.
[4] ***, Air pollution, http://www.istockphoto.com/stock-illustration-6171475-air-
pollution.php, 2010