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Úp An emotionally charged, confiding interaction between a trained therapist and
someone who suffers from psychological difficulties.
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Úp ¬rescribed medications or medical procedures that act directly on the patient͛s
nervous system.
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Úp An approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client͛s problems, uses
techniques from various forms of therapy.
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›p ën psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-
laden material.
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›p ën psychoanalysis, the analyst͛s noting supposed dream meanings,
resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to
promote insight.
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›p ën psychoanalysis, the patient͛s transfer to the analyst of
emotions linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred
for a parent).
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Úp ¬sychodynamic therapists try to understand a patient's current symptoms by
focusing on themes across important relationships, including childhood
experiences and the therapist relationship. They also help the person explore
and gain perspective on defended-against thoughts and feelings.
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Úp ën humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses
techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathic
environment to facilitate clients͛ growth. (Also called person-centered therapy.)
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Úp xmpathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies. A feature
of Rogers͛ client-centered therapy.
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›p A behavior therapy procedure that conditions new responses to
stimuli that trigger unwanted behaviors; based on classical
conditioning. ëncludes exposure therapies and aversive
conditioning.
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›p 3ehavioral techniques, such as systematic desensitization, that
treat anxieties by exposing people (in imagination or actuality) to
the things they fear and avoid.
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›p A type of counterconditioning that associates a pleasant relaxed
state with gradually increasing anxietytriggering stimuli.
Commonly used to treat phobias.
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›p An anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to simulations
of their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public
speaking.
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›p Type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such
as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol).
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›p An operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of
some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the
tokens for various privileges or treats.
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›p A popular integrated therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing
self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior).
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Úp Therapy that treats the family as a system. Views an individual͛s unwanted
behaviors as influenced by or directed at other family members; attempts to
guide family members toward positive relationships and improved
communication.