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POLAND
Main figures - Year 2010
st
Population (1 January) 38 167 329 inhabitants
Area 312 679 km2
Currency PLN – zloty
Exchange rate (1 EUR = … units) 3.9947
Nominal GDP at current prices 354.7 billion EUR
GDP per capita at current prices 9 288 EUR
GDP per capita at purchasing power 15 143 PPS
Harmonised index of consumer prices 2.6 annual % change
Unemployment rate 9.5% of labour force
Exports of goods and services 141.5 billion EUR
Imports of goods and services 143.9 billion EUR
Exports of agricultural products 11.8 billion EUR
Source: Eurostat. Imports of agricultural products 9.5 billion EUR
Current account balance -9.6 billion EUR
General government balance -28.2 billion EUR
General government gross debt 207.7 billion EUR
Sources: European Commission, Eurostat, COMEXT, DG for Economic and
Financial Affairs. Updated: February 2011.
Economic forecast
Indicators 2007 2008 2009 2010f 2011f 2012f
Annual % change
GDP growth (at current prices) 6.8 5.1 1.7 3.5 3.9 4.2
GDP deflator 4.0 3.1 3.6 1.7 2.7 2.8
Harmonised index of consumer prices 2.6 4.2 4.0 2.6 2.9 3.0
Exports (goods and services) 9.1 7.1 -6.8 10.0 6.9 7.7
Imports (goods and services) 13.7 8.0 -12.4 10.2 7.5 8.2
% of total employment
Unemployment rate 9.6 7.1 8.2 9.5 9.2 8.5
As % of GDP
Trade balance -4.0 -4.9 -1.0 -1.6 -2.0 -2.5
Current account balance -5.1 -4.8 -1.9 -2.7 -3.3 -3.7
General government balance -1.9 -3.7 -7.2 -7.9 -6.6 -6.0
General government gross debt 45.0 47.1 50.9 55.5 57.2 59.6
Source: European Commission, DG for Economic and Financial Affairs, European Economic Forecast, Autumn 2010.
Updated: November 2010.
This document does not necessarily represent the official views of the European Commission http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/analysis/perspec/index_en.htm
Contact: DG Agriculture and Rural Development, Agricultural Policy Analysis and Perspectives Unit © European Union, 2011
Tel: +32-2-29 91381 / E-mail: Agri-L1@ec.europa.eu Reproduction authorised provided the source is acknowledge 1
POLAND
1. KEY DATA
Macroeconomics
Population (new European Commission methodology)
Total population (000 inhabitants), of which: 2007 38 120.6 7.7% of EU-27
in predominantly rural regions (PR) 2007 37.9% 23.7% in EU-27
in intermediate regions 2007 33.8% 35.5% in EU-27
in predominantly urban regions 2007 28.3% 40.9% in EU-27
Rural population in PR regions (000 inhabitants) 2007 14 448.3 12.3% of EU-27
GDP
In EUR (current prices):
Million EUR 2010f 354 709.2 2.9% of EU-27
GDP per capita 2010f 9 288
In PPS:
Million PPS 2010f 578 323.9
GDP per capita 2010f 15 143 62 (EU-27=100)
Real GDP growth rate (% change on previous year) 2010f 3.5%
Gross value added
Agriculture, hunting and fishing (% of total GVA) 2009 3.6% 1.6% in EU-27
Financial aspects
Agricultural expenditure
Total expenditure (million EUR), of which: 2009 4 008.6 6.7% of EU-27
Direct payments (%) 2009 39.0% 65.1% in EU-27
Market measures (%) 2009 11.8% 11.7% in EU-27
Rural development (%) 2009 49.2% 23.3% in EU-27
Economic accounts of agriculture
Agricultural output
Agricultural goods output (million EUR), of which: 2010e 17 959.4 5.6% of EU-27
Crop output (%), of which: 2010e 50.6% 5.0% of EU-27
Cereals (%) 2010e 16.7% 7.5% of EU-27
Vegetables and horticultural products (%) 2010e 11.7% 4.2% of EU-27
Animal output (%), of which: 2010e 49.4% 6.4% of EU-27
Pigs (%) 2010e 10.8% 6.5% of EU-27
Milk (%) 2010e 17.2% 6.6% of EU-27
Gross value added at basic prices (million EUR) 2010e 6 445.8 4.7% of EU-27
Agricultural input
Total intermediate consumption (million EUR) 2010e 12 119.0 5.7% of EU-27
Agricultural income
Indicator A (% change on previous year) 2010e 18.4% 12.2% in EU-27
Farm structure
Holdings
Total (No), of which: 2007 2 390 960 17.5% of EU-27
UAA < 2 ha (%) 2007 44.2% 48.4% in EU-27
ESU < 1 (%) 2007 52.8% 46.7% in EU-27
Holder < 35 years (%) 2007 12.2% 6.3% in EU-27
Holder > 64 years (%) 2007 15.8% 32.7% in EU-27
UAA per holding (has) 2007 6.5 12.6 in EU-27
Labour force (in holdings of more than 1 ESU)
Persons (No), of which: 2007 2 830 010 17.3% of EU-27
Women (%) 2007 44.9% 39.3% in EU-27
Holders (%) 2007 39.7% 43.2% in EU-27
Agriculture in % of total employment 2008 14.0% 5.6% in EU-27(2009)
Sources: European Commission, DG Agriculture and Rural Development and Eurostat. Updated: December 2010.
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POLAND
2. POPULATION AND ECONOMY
Population Employment
Area GVA
Year 2007 (1 000 (1 000
(km2) (Million EUR)
inhabitants) persons) (*)
Poland 173 772.6 14 448.3 74 390.0 5 341.4
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POLAND
3.1. AGRICULTURE: FINANCIAL ASPECTS
CAP expenditure
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POLAND
3.2. AGRICULTURE: FINANCIAL ASPECTS
Indicative figures on the distribution of direct aid by size-class of aid (in 1 000 EUR)
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
0 - <0.5 0.5 - 1.25 - 2 - <5 5 - <10 10 - <20 20 - <50 50 - 100 - 200 - 300 - >=500
<1.25 <2 <100 <200 <300 <500
Beneficiaries Payments
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POLAND
4.1. AGRICULTURE: ECONOMIC ACCOUNTS
Agricultural output
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POLAND
4.2. AGRICULTURE: ECONOMIC ACCOUNTS
Agricultural input
Agricultural income
Agricultural income (Indicator A) (2005 = 100) 108.9 129.7 153.6 19.1 18.4
Source: Eurostat, Economic Accounts for Agriculture (values at current basic prices; constant prices for Indicator A - see definition on page
9). Updated: December 2010.
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POLAND
4.3. AGRICULTURE: ECONOMIC ACCOUNTS
Cereals
Eggs
13.9% Industrial crops
Milk 4.4%
7.3%
18.1% Forage plants
5.9%
Vegetables and
Poultry horticultural
9.4% products
8.0%
Equines Potatoes
0.3% Cattle Fruits 4.3%
Pigs 6.3% 5.1%
16.8%
Other crop products
0.1%
Source: Eurostat, Economic Accounts for Agriculture (values at constant producer prices). Updated: December 2010.
Source: Eurostat, Economic Accounts for Agriculture (values at constant basic prices). Updated: December 2010.
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POLAND
4.4. AGRICULTURE: ECONOMIC ACCOUNTS
150
130
110
90
70
50
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e
(*) The so-called indicator A is the real net value added at factor cost of agriculture per annual work unit (AWU). The net value added
at factor cost (factor income) is calculated by subtracting the consumption of fixed capital from gross value added at basic prices and
adding the value of subsidies less taxes. The AWU is defined as the work volume corresponding to one full-time employed worked.
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4.5. AGRICULTURE: ECONOMIC ACCOUNTS
120
110
100
90
2000e 2001e 2002e 2003e 2004e 2005e 2006e 2007e 2008e 2009e 2010e
110
100
90
80
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
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POLAND
5.1. FARM STRUCTURE
2003 2007
Holdings
Total % Total %
< 2 ha 959 210 44.2 1 057 050 44.2
2-5 ha 485 610 22.4 580 230 24.3
5-10 ha 372 490 17.1 389 400 16.3
10-20 ha 246 710 11.4 239 270 10.0
By UAA
20-30 ha 60 510 2.8 64 400 2.7
30-50 ha 29 810 1.4 36 970 1.5
50-100 ha 11 330 0.5 15 790 0.7
> 100 ha 6 550 0.3 7 850 0.3
<1 1 115 900 51.4 1 262 820 52.8
1-2 313 900 14.5 361 420 15.1
2-4 284 860 13.1 299 820 12.5
4-8 239 260 11.0 221 560 9.3
By ESU 8-16 145 880 6.7 146 320 6.1
16-40 59 970 2.8 80 310 3.4
40-100 9 090 0.4 14 560 0.6
100-250 2 270 0.1 2 900 0.1
> 250 1 090 0.1 1 260 0.1
0 733 000 33.7 862 970 36.1
0-5 978 520 45.0 1 112 720 46.5
5-10 217 330 10.0 179 010 7.5
10-15 94 790 4.4 76 810 3.2
By LSU 15-20 51 440 2.4 46 020 1.9
20-50 78 390 3.6 88 780 3.7
50-100 11 420 0.5 16 600 0.7
100-500 6 000 0.3 7 050 0.3
> 500 1 320 0.1 990 0.04
< 35 years : 291 640 12.2
35-44 years : 516 690 21.6
By age of
45-54 years : 743 860 31.1
holder
55-64 years : 460 280 19.3
> 64 years : 378 480 15.8
Total 2 172 210 100.0 2 390 960 100.0
UAA in 1 000 ha 14 426 15 477
UAA per holding 6.6 6.5
Source: Eurostat, Farm Structure Survey. Updated: June 2009.
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5.2. FARM STRUCTURE
(*) AWUs = Annual work units. An AWU is equivalent to a worker employed on a full time basis for one year.
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