PRIMARY SOURCES

Ask a Liberal Preacher. 2 Feb. 2010. Photograph. Web. 8 Jan. 2011

2011.<http://askaliberalpreacher.files.wordpress.com/2010/02/make-love-not-war.jpg>.

This photograph displays an anti-war slogan popularized by American citizens in the early part

of United States involvement during the Vietnam War. The slogan “Make Love, Not War” was

primarily used by protestors in non-violent anti-war rallies and became increasingly popular in

the “hippie” generation of the 1960’s and 70’s.

Barking Moonbat Early Warning System. Photograph. Web. 15 May 2011. <http://barking-

moonbat.com/>.

We used this source as a photograph on our webpage. We edited the photograph through

Photoshop and designed an added war effect look on the picture. The picture was taken in Hue,

Vietnam during the Tet Offensive in 1968.

Colburn, David. Telephone Interview. 9 May 2011.

We interviewed Dr. Colburn on the telephone about the diplomacy of the Vietnam

War. Dr. Colburn is currently a professor of History at the University of Florida and teaches a

class on the Vietnam War. Dr. Colburn also served in Vietnam so he was a great help to our

questions.
Colburn." History Homepage.” Photograph. Web. 15 May 2011.

<http://www.history.ufl.edu/directory/faculty_profiles/colburn.html>.

This photograph was provided by the University of Florida website in their History tab. Dr.

Colburn was an expert on the field of the Vietnam War and also served.

"Description from Operation Rolling Thunder - Timelines.com." Timelines.com: Discover, Record and

Share History with Timelines. Web. 12 May 2011.

<http://timelines.com/perspectives/b0b9b94cb26d3c407d5df7af094bbf4f>.

The picture was used on our timeline in the diplomacy tab. The image is a picture of a United States

bombing North Vietnamese military targets.

Digital Journalist. Dirck Halstead. Photograph. Web. 17 Dec. 2010.

<http://digitaljournalist.org/issue0005/images/Filo1.jpg>.

This photograph was taken during the Kent State Shootings on May 4, 1970, and portrays a

young woman kneeling on the ground over the deceased body of one of her colleagues. This

photograph demonstrates how chaotic anti-war protests became in the latter part of the Vietnam

War.

Farmer, Patricia A. Patricia Adams Farmer, Author. Photograph. Web. 15 May 2011.

<http://www.patriciaadamsfarmer.com/>.

We used this picture on our home page next to the subtitle “United States Involvement

Deepens.” This photograph displays a group of wounded soldiers laying hillside in Vietnam

waiting for the arrival of help

General Wheeler." Photograph. Web. 07 May 2011.

<http://www.trueknowledge.com/images/thumbs/90/90/4fa677d76b29add43e3e4cdfca8a2a00>.

This source displayed us with an image of General Wheeler in 1964. He was appointed

Chairman of the Joint Chief of Staff in 1964 by President Johnson. He was a strong supporter of

sending troops into Vietnam in the early 1960’s.

Golden Years. 1 Feb. 2009. Photograph. Web. 17 Jan. 2011.

<http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_zkPMchp_hYE/SZNq_kgQTwI/AAAAAAAAABw/H-

AkeqNaabA/S660/VietnamWar.jpg.>.

The photograph shown displays a young United States soldier wounded in combat and his

platoon members dragging him to safety. The up-close and personal shot reveals how media

coverage was presented to the public and was just as dangerous as combat itself.

Granville Historical Society. 2 July 2008. Photograph. Web. 17 Dec. 2010.

<http://oral.granvillehistory.org/images/093DUVietNamDayNov1965%20OPT.jpg>.

This photograph is another symbol of anti-war protestors showing off their picketing signs with

anti-war slogans. The one in the image displays “Stop the Killing in Vietnam” and shows a

number of young adults sitting on what looks like the lawn of a government building.

Joel, Billy. "Goodnight Saigon." The Nylon Curtain. Columbia Records, Spring 1982.

Billy Joel’s lyrics to this 1982 song, explain, in depth the life of an United States soldier during

the Vietnam War. The song refers to the Fall of Saigon in 1975, which marked the end of the

United States involvement in the Vietnam War.

Hall-Patton, Mark. Telephone interview. 8 May 2011.

This historian we interviewed supplied us with a vast amount of information about the Vietnam

War. We were informed about various subject pertaining to the war in Vietnam such as: public

opinion, how we got involved, and about the domino theory. We used part of his interview and

placed it on the debate page.

How Many People Died. Web. 14 May 2011. <http://www.howmanypeopledied.net/>.

This picture was used on our timeline in the diplomacy tab. The image shows the first Americans

in battle in North Vietnam. The caption states: 1955- 1960 the War Begins.

"John F. Kennedy." Photograph. Clip Art. Web. 08 May 2011.

<http://www.wpclipart.com/phps.php?q=john+f+kennedy>.

This photograph was used on our webpage on the “Leaders” tab. This picture displays John F.

Kennedy during his presidency in 1961. John F. Kennedy was an influential leader of the

Vietnam War.

King Douglas Photography. 16 Jan. 2005. Photograph. Web. 17 Dec. 2010.

< http://www.kingdouglas.com/Journal/Images/Page01/Thumbnails/Draft-Card.jpg>.

This photograph displays the draft card of a United States soldier during the Vietnam War. The

draft was defiantly one of the most controversial aspects of the United States involvement in the

war. Adolescents as young as 16 were drafted into the military and trained to fight in combat.
"Leaders." The White House. Photograph. Web. 15 May 2011. <http://www.whitehouse.gov>.

On this website we found four photographs we placed on our homepage. Each picture is either a

different president from the era of the Vietnam War and General Earlier Wheeler. These leaders

were greatly influential in the Vietnam War and represented the United States of America.

"Marines: The Few. The Proud." U.S. Marine Corps. Photograph. Web. 15 May 2011.

<http://www.marines.com>.

This source provided us with a photograph that we placed on our homepage of the website. The

picture displays the Marine logo which demonstrates “The few. The proud. The Marines.”

“Ngo Dinh Diem." Photograph. Web. 14 May 2011. <http://trichoplax.tripod.com/dinhdiem.gif>.

This source provided an image of Ngo Dinh Diem when he was appointed by the United States

and French for South Vietnam’s leader. Ngo Dinh Diem was heavily anti- communist yet the

people of South Vietnam mostly did not support him.

Pfeifer, George. Personal Interview. 7 May 2011.

We wanted to interview a person with first-hand experience of what our project was all about.

Mr. Pfeifer was a Navy Seal while experiencing the Vietnam War from 1966 – 1967. He gave

great incite to what life was like on the battle field in Vietnam.
"Picture of Ho Chi Minh." Listal. Photograph. Web. 15 May 2011.

<http://www.listal.com/viewimage/387194>.

This source provided us with a photograph of Ho Chi Minh as the leader of the North

Vietnamese. Ho Chi Minh was strongly supported by Russia and China because he was a

supporter of Communism.

ProgressOhio. Photograph. Web. 09 May 2011. <http://www.progressohio.org/>.

Using this source we were able to use two photographs, Kent State Shootings and Michigan State

University protest. In the protest at Kent State the Ohio National Guard were ordered to control

the protest which cost a devastating four students lives and nine others were wounded. At

Michigan State University there was a large anti- war protest on October 15, 1969.

Stefan, James. Personal Interview. 10 May 2011.

We interviewed Professor Stefan for his expertise in the field of war and especially the Vietnam

War. We asked him different questions to learn about his experience in Vietnam and the debate

of staying in Vietnam. He was a colonel in Vietnam and attended West Point Military Academy.

The Scoop on History. 13 Apr. 2010. Photograph. Web. 21 Dec. 2010.

<http://historyscoop.files.wordpress.com/2010/04/vietnam_war_protest_in_dc_1967.gif.>.

This image displays thousands of young Americans protesting the Vietnam War around the

Washington Monument in Washington D.C. The sign of one of the young men in the crowd

displays the message “Get the Hell out of Vietnam,” this signifies the increasing frustration of

American citizens who opposed the United States involvement in the Vietnam War.
Tran Van Tra." Fortunecity. Photograph." Web. 15 May 2011.

<http://www.fortunecity.com/victorian/riley/787/Vietnam/tra/tra.html>.

This source provided us with the picture of Tran Van Tra in 1968. Tran Van Tra was the

commander of the Liberation Army or Viet Cong. Tra led the 1968 attack on Saigon during the

Tet Offensive.

"USS Atule SS-403." Photograph. Web. 13 May 2011. <http://atule.com/>.

This source displayed us with an image that we used on the “Debate” page. The image is a

picture of a draft card for the Vietnam War. This card was actually used to enlist a soldier to

Vietnam.

US Questions. Web. 10 May 2011. <http://faculty.polytechnic.org/gfeldmeth/0100111a.html>.

The picture was used on our timeline in the diplomacy tab. The image is a picture of a few American

soldiers fighting off the Tet Offensive in 1968.

UW Departments Web Server. Photograph. Web. 11 May 2011. <http://depts.washington.edu/>.

This source displayed an image we place next to the subtitle” Public Opinion.” We took the

photograph from the University of Washington and edited the image through the Photoshop.

The picture is of two hands displaying the image “Resist the Draft” as anti-war protestors were

using this slogan.

Waging Nonviolence. Photograph. Web. 7 May 2011. <http://wagingnonviolence.org/>.

This website displayed an image of the Chicago Convention where protestors met to protest the

war in Vietnam. The police of Chicago were ordered to stop the protest which created a violent

protest.

World Nomads. 15 Mar. 2007. Photograph. Web. 17 Jan. 2011.

<http://aphs.worldnomads.com/stowaway/2426/huey3.jpg>.

This photograph displays an Army helicopter used for combat by the United States during the

Vietnam War. The United States advancement in airborne techniques gave them a strong

advantage over North Vietnam’s guerilla warfare tactics.

Video.“VIRTUAL JFK: VIETNAM IF KENNEDY HAD LIVED.” IMBD. Web. 17 Jan 2011.

< http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1205541/ >.

The speech President John F. Kennedy gives in this video gave us further insight in the subject

matter involving the United State’s early transition into the Vietnam War. He expresses his

desire to deploy more troops into Vietnam with the surprising support of the American

population.

"Vietnam War." HISTORY IN PICTURES. Web. 12 May 2011.

<http://pictureshistory.blogspot.com/>.

This picture was used on our timeline in the diplomacy tab. The picture displays an image

of a soldier in the middle of a fire fight. The caption states: 1954 French are Defeated.
"Vietnam: HoChiMinh Trail's North End - Ho Chi Minh Trail during the War Worldisround Photo."

Worldisround. Web. 11 May 2011.

<http://www.worldisround.com/articles/63831/photo13.html>.

The picture was used on our timeline in the diplomacy tab. The image is a picture of the Ho Chi Minh

trail before the United States blew it up to prevent trade routes for the North Vietnamese. The caption

states: “1963- 1964 Diem and Kennedy are Assassinated.”

"20101." Amtrac.org. Web. 8 May 2011. <http://www.amtrac.org/4atcp/200/201_Miller/20101.html>.

The picture was used on our timeline in the diplomacy tab. The image is a picture of a United

United States destroyer USS Maddox spying on the North Vietnamese.

SECONDARY SOURCES

Barringer, Mark. "The Anti-War Movement in the United States." Welcome to English « Department of

English, College of LAS, University of Illinois. Web. 09 Jan. 2011.

<http://www.english.illinois.edu/maps/vietnam/antiwar.html>.

This website went in depth into the anti- war protests and displayed the United States struggle of

controlling the United States public opinion. The longer the United States fought in Vietnam the

more the American public was outraged by the idea of staying involved.

Blunden, Andy. "The Principles of Communism." Marxists Internet Archive. Feb. 2005. Web. 09 Jan.

2011. <http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1847/11/prin-com.htm>.

Through this source we gained the basic understanding of communism. Communism is a very

complex style of government, and this article helped us grasp a deeper understanding of why

America wanted to preserve its policy of containment.

"John F. Kennedy Biography - Life, Family, Childhood, Children, Death, History, Wife, School,

Mother, Son, Book, Old, Information, Born, College, House, Time, Year." Encyclopedia of

World Biography. Web. 09 Jan. 2011. <http://www.notablebiographies.com/Jo-Ki/Kennedy-

John-F.html>.

This source played a vital role in us gaining knowledge on the life and presidency of John F.

Kennedy. The biographical article tells about his childhood, marriage, service in the military, and

his legacy.
Kruty, Robert. "Interesting Vietnam War Facts, Statistics & Myths." Leather Bomber Jackets and Flight

Jackets from U.S. Wings. Web. 09 Jan. 2011. <http://www.uswings.com/vietnamfacts.asp>.

The Vietnam War had numerous accounts of miscounted reports and myths. This source had the

accurate reports of the key battles and key statistics. Many historians debate the number of

soldiers killed in combat and civilian deaths in North and South Vietnam, and this source helped
confirm or deny those allegations.

Lewis, Chris H. "The Student Movement and the Struggle for Democracy in the 1960s." University of

Colorado at Boulder. Nov. 2002. Web. 09 Jan. 2011.

<http://www.colorado.edu/AmStudies/lewis/2010/students.htm>.

This website demonstrated some of the most impactful anti-war protests throughout the country

during the early 1960’s. This information was used to explain in further detail the impact that

the American public opinion had on the United States involvement in the Vietnam War.

Nelson, Cary. "Vietnam War Timeline." Welcome to English « Department of English, College of LAS,

University of Illinois. Web. 09 Jan. 2011.

<http://www.english.illinois.edu/maps/vietnam/timeline.htm>.

Starting in 1946 this source went year by year to describe major events. The timeline went to as

recent as 1997, and we used the information to put into our own timeline in our website.

"Protests against the Vietnam War." History Learning Site. Web. 09 Jan. 2011.

<http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/protests_vietnam_war.htm>.

This source described some of the protests in depth and helped us understand much of the chaos.

The protests against the Vietnam War turned violently and this accounts some of the violent

demonstrations.
Rosenberg, Jennifer. "Vietnam War Timeline." 20th Century History. Web. 09 Jan. 2011.

<http://history1900s.about.com/od/vietnamwar/a/vietnamtimeline.htm>.

In detail, this website gave us information on the events that led up to the first soldiers arriving in

Vietnam. This source demonstrated all the events that led up to the war starting all the way back

in the 1830s.

"SecDef Histories - Robert McNamara." The Official Home of the Department of Defense. 14 Oct. 2003.
Web. 09 Jan. 2011. <http://www.defense.gov/specials/secdef_histories/bios/mcnamara.htm>.

Robert McNamara played a vital role in the Vietnam War efforts. He was a secretary of defense

during the time period. Before Kennedy’s assassination, he and McNamara gained a great

following in the United States for their courageous efforts to keep America’s policy of

containment intact.

"SparkNotes: The Vietnam War (1945-1975): Key People & Terms." SparkNotes: Today's Most

Popular Study Guides. Web. 09 Jan. 2011.

<http://www.sparknotes.com/history/american/vietnamwar/terms.html>.

This website gave us brief descriptions of the key people in the Vietnam War. Important political

figures in both the United States and Vietnam were easily defined by this source which gave us

basic background knowledge on each individual.

"The Vietnam War." Digital History. Web. 09 Jan. 2011.

<http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/modules/vietnam/index.cfm>.

This website showed a graph of casualties of American soldiers as opposed to the North

Vietnamese soldiers. Even though, the North Vietnamese lost a greater deal of lives in the

civilian category.
"Vietnam War." GlobalSecurity.org - Reliable Security Information. Web. 09 Jan. 2011.

<http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/ops/vietnam2.htm>.

This source helped us understand the global view of the war. This source played a pivotal role in

the explanation of diplomacy. It signified how the Vietnam War was an impact for international

affairs.

"The Vietnam War Protests." Essortment Articles: Free Online Articles on Health, Science, Education

& More.. Web. 09 Jan. 2011. <http://www.essortment.com/all/vietnamwarprot_rlcz.htm>.

This source gave us the details of various protests, and went into detail of the Michigan State
University protest. On October 15, 1969 thousands of students rallied up together and spread

their opinions on the anti-war movement.