CONJUNCTIONS

Linking words
Linking words
help you to
connect ideas
Conjunctions join ideas like a bridge join places.
para modificar el estilo de texto del patrón
ivel
nivel
o nivel
nto nivel
Giving examples

For example
For instance
Namely
The most common way of giving
examples is by using for
example or for instance.
Namely refers to something by name.
Adding information

And
As well as
Also
Too
Moreover
In addition to
Besides

Ideas are often linked by and. In a list, you put

a comma between each item, but not
before and.
"We discussed training, education and the
budget."
As well as can be used at the beginning or the
middle of a sentence.
"As well as the costs, we are concerned by the
competition."
"We are interested in costs as well as the
competition."
Too goes either at the end of the sentence, or
after the subject and means as well.
"They were concerned too."
"I, too, was concerned.“
Giving a reason

Due to
Because
Since
As

Due to  must be followed by a noun.

"Due to the rise in oil prices, the inflation rate
rose by 1.25%.“

Because can be used at the beginning or in the

middle of a sentence. For example, "Because it
Giving a result

Therefore
So

Therefore and so  are all used in a

similar way.

"The company are expanding.

Therefore / So they are taking on extra
staff.“
Contrasting ideas

But
However
Although / even though
In spite of
While
Unlike

But is more informal than however.

It is not normally used at the
beginning of a sentence.
Conjunction Junction
VIDEOCLIP

Click on the link below to watch this video about the

function of conjunctions.

You can also sing if you want.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mkO87mkgcNo
Conjunction Junction, what's your function?
Hooking up words and phrases and clauses.
Conjunction Junction, how's that function?
I got three favorite cars
That get most of my job done.
Conjunction Junction, what's their function?
I got "and", "but", and "or",  He cut loose the sandbags,
They'll get you pretty far.
[spoken] "And":
That's an additive, like "this and that".
"But":
That's sort of the opposite, "Not this but that".
And then there's "or":
O-R, when you have a choice like  Hooking up words and phrases and clauses
"This or that".
"And", "but", and "or",  [spoken] In the mornings, when I'm usually wide
Get you pretty far.
[sung] Conjunction Junction, what's your
function?
Hooking up two boxcars and making 'em run
right.
Milk and honey, bread and butter, peas and rice.
Hey that's nice!
Dirty but happy, digging and scratching,
Losing your shoe and a button or two.
He's poor but honest, sad but true,
Boo-hoo-hoo-hoo-hoo!
Conjunction Junction, what's your function?
Hooking up two cars to one
When you say something like this choice:
"Either now or later"
Or no choice:
"Neither now nor ever"
Eat this or that, grow thin or fat,
Never mind, I wouldn't do that,
I'm fat enough now!
Conjunction Junction, what's your function?
Hooking up phrases and clauses that balance, like:
Out of the frying pan and into the fire.
But the balloon wouldn't go any higher.
Let's go up to the mountains,
Or down to the seas.
You should always say "thank you",
Or at least say "please".
Conjunction Junction, what's your function?
In complex sentences like:
awake, I love to take a walk through the gardens
and down by the lake, where I often see a duck and
a drake, and I wonder, as I walk by, just what they'd
say if they could speak, although I know that's an
absurd thought.
Conjunction Junction, what's your function?
Hooking up cars and making 'em function.
Conjunction Junction, how's that function?
I like tying up words and phrases and clauses.
Conjunction Junction, watch that function.
I'm going to get you there if you're very careful.
Conjunction Junction, what's your function?
I'm going to get you there if you're very careful.
Conjunction Junction, what's your function?
I'm going to get you there if you're very careful.
Practice exercise
Complete the sentences by using the best
conjunction for each space.
and or but so
1. Jaewon was cold _______ he put on a coat.
2. Maria tried to read a novel in French _______
it was too difficult.
3. To get from Vancouver to Victoria you can fly
___ you can take the train.
4. I bought an orange juice _____ we drank it
togheter.