Professional Documents
Culture Documents
HONOR ROLL
181h AAA Group 20lh AAA Gun Bn 443rd AAA AW 8n ISPI
Original Honor Roll
Col. R. W. Rumph Lt. Cal. C. F. Ottenger Lt. Cal. T. F. Gordon
88th AAA Ai,borne 8n
191h AAA Group 21.1 AAA AW 8n ISPI 450th AAA AW 8n
Lt. Col. E. L. Cormier
Col. S. M. Alley Lt. Cal. R. E. Deems LI. Cal. G. W. Shivers
228th AAA G,oup 32nd AAA AW 8n 4641h AAA AW 8n
261h AAA Group
Co/. T. H. Pope Maj. W. J. Munroe, Ala.
Col. E. R. Hempstead Lt. Col. E. F. Maady
107th AAA AW 8n 1M) 291h AAA Group 381h AAA Gun Bn 466:h AAA AW Bn
Lt.Col. E. R. Mciver Lt. Col. John M. Rassnagel Maj. C. D. Arnold Lt. Cal. S. M. Arnold
305th AAA G,oup 30lh AAA Group 391h AAA AW 8n IMI 4951h AAA AW 8n
Co/. J. S. Moyer, N. Y. Col. W. H. Murray Lt. Col. F. D. Pryor Lt. Cal. B. H. Badstram
651h AAA Group 41.1 AAA Gun 8n 501 sl AAA Gun Bn
Separate Commands Col. B. E. Cordell Lt. Cal. C. F. Chirico Maj. D. M. Grecn
AAA Repl T,aining Center 681h AAA Group 48th AAA AW 8n 502nd AAA Gun Bn
Co/. E. W. Heathcole Col. W. B. Hawthorne Lt. Cal. D. W. Malone Lt. Cal. P. J. Moline
Hq AAA Command 142d AAA Group 491h AAA Gun 8n 5051h AAA Gun 8n
Lt. Gen. J. T. Lewis Cal. R. Hardy, Ala. Lt. Cal. R. 8. Bonossa Lt. Cal. M. E. Chatas
Cenl,al AAA Command 1971h AAA Group 50lh AAA AW 8n 5061h AAA Gun Bn
Cal. D. J. Ba.ley Col. A. S. Baker, N. H. Lt. Col. C. E. Dunlop, Jr. Lt. Cal. J. H. Valliere
Hq Wesle,n AAA Command 200lh AAA G,oup 561h AAA Gun Bn 5071h AAA AW lln
Brig. Gen. E. J. McGaw Cal. C. M. Woodbury, N. Mex. Lt. Cal. M. A. Sel.or, Jr. Lt. Col. J. A. Laing
Hqs. Fa, Easl AAA Spec. Sch. 2051h AAA Group 63rd AAA Gun Bn 5131h AAA Gun Bn
Col. F. E. Day Lt. Cal. J. H. Pindell, Wash. Lt. Cal. E. G. Schwartz Maj. C. W. McDonald, Jr.
Depl. of Gen. Subs. 2111h AAA Group 641h AAA Gun 8n. 51 81h AAA Gun Bn
Lt. Cal. R. M. Page, Jr. Cal. D. MacDuff, Moss. Lt. Col. C. E. Berkeley Lt. Col. G. Kushner
Elect,onics Depl. 2141h AAA G,oup 661h AAA Gun Bn 51 91h AAA Gun 8n
AAA & GM School Col. J. G. Johnson, Go. Lt. Col. J. C. Wilkerson Lt. Cal. A. E. Halt
Col. Arthur Kramer 2181h AAA Group 681h AAA Gun 8n 5261h AAA Gun Bn
Non-Residenl Ins. Depl. Cal. V. P. Lupinacci, Pa. Lt. Col. R. C. Boll Lt. Cal. W. T. Lind
AAA & GM School 220lh AAA Graup 70lh AAA Gun Bn 53ls1 AAA AW 8n
Col. T. H. Walkins Col. R. H. Hopkins, Moss. Moj. C. F. England Cal. P. J. Gundlach
2241h AAA Group 71.1 AAA Gun 8n 550lh AAA Gun Bn
Brigades Cal. E. W. Thompson, Va. Lt. Cal. V. A. MacDanold Lt. Col. F. E. Terry
31 sl AAA Brigade 233rd AAA Group 741h AAA Gun Bn 552d AAA Gun 8n
Brig. Gen. E. F. Cardwell Cal. W. T. Stone, Calif. Lt. Col. R. S. Reilly Lt. Col. Z. L. Strickland
32nd AAA B,igade 243rd AAA Group 761h AAA AW 8n 5541h AAA Gun Bn
Col. M. W. May Col. P. E. Donnelly, R. I. Lt. Cal. S. R. Kelley Lt. Cal. F. J. Lagasse
341h AAA Brigad. 250th AAA Group 77lh AAA Gun 8n 6971h AAA AW 8n
Brig. Gen. R. W. Chrichlow Col. R. B. Williams, Calif. Lt. Col. R. M. Nelson Lt. Cal. W. E. Thompson, N. Mex.
351h AAA Brigade 260lh AAA Group 781h AAA Gun Bn a981h AAA Gun Bn
Brig. Gen. T. V. Stayton Col. G. V. Selwyn, D. C. Lt. Col. E. R. Gooding Lt. Col. F. Monico, IIlonol>
441h AAA B,igade 302nd AAA Group 791h AAA Gun Bn 701 sl AAA Gun 8n
Col. C. G. Dunn Col. J. M. Welch, Ohio Lt. Col. W. A. Brinkerhall Lt. Col. F. F. Quist
451h AAA B,igade 3131h AAA G,oup 83rd AAA Gun 8n 705th AAA Gun Bn
Col. F. F. Mite, Col. A. F. Hoehle, Po. Maj. D. M. McConn Lt. Col. F. O. Racver
471h AAA Brigade 3261h AAA Group 95th AAA Gun 8n 71 61h AAA Gun Bn
Cal. G. C. Gibbs Cal. M. D. Mey.rs, Po. Maj. K. R. Nelson Lt. Col. R. E. Howell, N. Mex.
561h AAA B,igade 3281h AAA Group 961h AAA Gun Bn 71 71h AAA Gun Bn
Brig. Gen. H. F. Meyers Cal. C. C. Parrish, Kans. Lt. Cal. R. E. Hood Lt. Col. E. D. Pelzer, N. Mex.
105th AAA Bdgade 3741h AAA Group 102nd AAA Gun Bn 7191h AAA Gun [In
Brig. Gen. A. H. Doud. N. Y. Col. T. F. Mulloney, Jr., IlIonolS Maj. E. R. Welte, N. Y. Lt. Col. W. W. Morse, Calif.
1071h AAA Brigade 5151h AAA G,oup 120lh AAA Gun Bn 720th AAA Gun !In.
Brig. Gen. J. W. Squire. Vo Col. F. G. Rowell, N. Mex. Maj. F. G. Young, N. Me. Lt. Col. G. A. Duke, Calif.
108th AAA Briga~e 1261h AAA AW 8n 724th AAA Gun 8n
Brig. Gen. G. J. Hecrn, Ga. Battalions Lt. Col. R. C. Carrero Lt. Cal. E. H. Hahn
l111h AAA B,igade 1 sl AAA Training Bn 1291!l AAA AW En 725th AAA AW Bn
Brig. Gen. Chas. G. Soge. N. Me •. Col. J. H. Doyle Lt. Cal. G. D. Eastes, Va. Maj. J. C. Maultsby
112th AAA Brigad. 2nd AAA AW Bn I 33,d AAA AW 8n 7261h AAA Gun [In
Brig. Gen. J. W. Coo •• Colol Lt. Col. R. O. Van Hern It. Cal. E. J. Madjes ••• IlIina.s Lt. Cel. M. I. Tillery, N. Mex.
261 sl AAA Brigade 3rd AAA A VI Bn 140th AAA AW En 7371h AAA Gun Bn
Brig. Gen. J. B. Moore. Del Lt. Col. A. E. Bigelow Lt. Cal. L. H. Ripley Lt. Col. B. W. Perry
41h AAA AW Eln 1451h AA/\ /\\'1 ~n 7391h AAA Gun
Groups Lt. Col. E. O'Connor, Jr. Maj. P. L. LaPlant Lt. Col. C. Van Gundy
41h AAA Group 7th AAA AW Bn 1 68th AAA Gun Bn 7461h AAA Gun 6n
Col. L. A. Bonifay Lt. Cal. H. E. Michelet Lt. Col. M. C. Macy Cal. K. S. Gray, Calif.
51h AAA G,oup 81h AAA AW Bn 243rd AAA AW Bn 7641h AAA Gun Bn
Col. H. G. Haskell Lt. Cal. W. A. Stricklen Lt. Cal. E. E. McMillon Lt. Col. E. D. Winslead
61h AAA Group 10lh A/J.A AW Bn 2451h AAA Gun Bn 768th AAA Gun Bn.
Col. A. A. Adams Lt. Col. Samuel May L;. Cal. C. Davidson. N. Y. Lt. Col. 1. H. Kuyper
81h AAA Group 121h AAA Gun Bn 27ls1 AAA AW Bn 8041h AAA AW Bn 1M)
Col. O. H. Kyster, Jr. Lt. Cal. P. R. Cibotti, Jr. Lt. Cal. V. S. Mathews. Colil. Maj. S. N. Caudill, N. Mex.
10lh AAA Group 141h AAA Gun Bn 340lh AAA Gun 8n 8651h AAA AW Bn
Col. J. C. Bone Lt. Col. T. B. Strolher Lt. Cal. R. 1. Bard, D. C. Lt. Cal. R. B. Rounds
131h AAA Group 1 81h AAA Gun Bn 3871h AAA Gun Bn
Col. W. C. Mahoney Maj. G. W. Seabroak, III Lt. Cal. R. Wetherall (Continued on page 48)
- THE UNITED STATES
ANTIAIRCRAFT
ASSOCIATION
FOUNDED IN 1892
OFFICERS Published from 1892 until 1922 as
LT. GEN. LEROY LUTES THE JOURNAL OF THE UNITED STATES ARTILLERY
HONORARY PRESIDENT Published from 1922 until 1948 as the
COAST ARTILLERY JOURNAL
LT. GEN. JOHN T. LEWIS
PRESIDEr.-r
VOL. LXXXXIV SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER, 1953 No.5
LT. GEN. LYMAN L. LEl'lNITZER
VICE-PRESIDEr.-r
CONTENTS
BRIG. GEN. CHARLES S. HARRIS
SECRETARY-TREASURER
COVER: Captain John L. Buckley, Btry A, 82nd AAA A\V Bn and Cpl.
ADDITIONAL MEMBERS OF THE Frank 'Valker's Squad.
EXECUTIVE COUNCIL
A l\IESSAGE FROl'l THE CHIEF OF STAFF 2
MAJOR GENERAL WILLIAM F. MARQUAT
BRIGADIER GENERAL ROBERT W. CRICHLOW, JR.
l\lAINTENANCE IN THE SELF-PROPELLED AAA 1\W BATTAL-
BRIGADIER GENERAL CHARLES G. SAGE ION. By Lt. Co/. o. A. Moommv 6
BRIGADIER GENERAL H. RUSSELL DROWNE 15th AAA AW BATTALION (SP) IN COl'lBAT.
COLONEL NORMAN E. HARTMAN
By Lt. Co/. John Y. Brightman 8
LIEUTENANT COLONEL FRANCIS X. BRADLEY
MAJOR JAMES E. CALKINS 78th AAA GUN BATTALION.
By Co/. E. R. Goodirlg, Maj. C. F. O'Donnell &- Capt. L. B. J"lain 9
AFTER ACTION REPORT ON THE 1'116. By Captain B. B. Small 11
The purpose of the Association shall be to
promote the efficiency of the Antiairuaft INDIANHEAD ACK ACK. By Sgt. Ed Hercer 13
Artillery by maintaining its standards and tra.
SUPPLY-IT CAN 1'1AKE OR BREAK YOU
ditions by disseminating professional know/-
By Lt. Co/. E. H. Thompson, Jr 14
edge, by insPiring greater effort toward the
improvement of materiel and methods of IT PAYS TO Al~1. By Major Theodore Wyckoff 18
training and by fostering mutual understand-
AAA SITE HOUSING. By Lt. Col. R. R. Corey 19
ing, respea and cooperation among all arms,
branches and componenlS of the Regular ANTENNAS. By Captaill William F. BrolVn 21
Army, National Guard, Organized Reserves,
YOUR 1'lILITARY SCHOOLING. By Lt. Co/. Ned E. AckneT 24
and Reserve Officerl Training Corps.
IS THE 1'1IG-15 SUPERIOR TO THE F-86.
By Captain Allan F. Bonnalis, U~NR 26
The JOURNAL prinu articles on subje.u of I-IGNORING GENERAL BRADLEY AND GENERAL COLLINS .. 29
professional and general interest to personnel of
the Antiaircraft Artillery in order to stimulate
CITIZENSHIP CEREl\IONY IN THE 96th AAA GUN BN.
thoDa-ht and provoke discussion. HoweTer, By Captain R. L. Hogan 30
opinions expressed and conclusions drawn in
articles are in no sense official. They do not re- UNIT ACTIVITIES 31
flect the opinions or conclusions of any official
or branrh of the Department of the Army. AAA ROTC CAl\IP. By Col. E. R. Crowell 41
The JOURNAL does not rarry paid advertisinll. FORT BLISS NEWS 44
The JOURNAL pays for original articles upon
publication. Manuscript should be addressed to NEWS AND COl\Il\lENT 46
the Editor. The JOURNAL is not responsible
for manuscripts unaccompanied by return BOOK REVIEWS 47
postal'e.
Published bimonthly by the United States Antiaircraft ABSociation. Editorial and executive om res. 631 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W .•
Washington 4, D. C. Terms: $3.00 per year. Foreign subscriptions, $4.00 per year. Singl. ropies. 75r. Entered as serond.da.s matter
at Washington, D. C.; additional entry at Rirhmond. Va., und.r the Act of ~arrh 3. 1879. Copyright. 1953. by the United Stat.s
Antiaircraft Association.
IN analyzing my thoughts for expres- performance of these functions.
sion at this meeting, I came to the con-
Fourth, Men of the proper caliber must
clusion that the most important point,
be selected and assigned, each in his
I belie\-e the one uppermost in my mind,
proper place, to this Organi:::ation.
was:
Recognition of the limitless opportu- Fifth. the Orgmli:::atioll as a team must
nity for purposeful sen-ice. then Perform its FUllctions and Acco1/l-
1 believe everyone of you subscribes plish its assigned mission, and
to the criterion that there is some pur- Finallv, the execution or Performance
pose beyond the powers of humans to must have that vital essential at all times
discern for which we were put on this and at all stages of Command SIIFer-
earth. For my part, 1 subscribe to that vision.
fully, and I believe that the greatest pur-
pose which we arc permitted to see is
I shall not try, on this occasion, to
to serve others. I believe it is no plati-
state the Army's missions in detailed U.:S. Arm,)" ruoto
tude to say that never have the objec- General Mauhew B. Ridgway
form, but I do wish to recall to your
tives of higher purposes been in greater
mind that however you word the Army's
need of service from men and women of which he determines are the mllll-
mission, there is but one final criterion
high-principled integrity than the pur- mum essential to accomplish the military
by which to judge what the mission was
poses for which the founding fathers task assigned him will cost more than
and the manner of its performance. That
established this Nation. I believe that the Nation can afford. He has not been
criterion, gentlemen, is success in battle
never has this Nation, and the cause of
-success and all it contributes in battle trained for that. It is not, I submit, with-
freedom of which it is today the pre- in his field of responsibility. He must,
to the Nation's military team.
eminent leader, been in greater need of of course, as every senior commander is
such service. today, be aware of the major factors in
these other major fields. He must recog-
THE modem state and its govern-
Now we join to share service together nize, as every senior commander does
ment, particularly our own, is about the
of the broadest scope and of the highest today, the imperative necessity of maxi-
most complex organization yet devel-
plane, and as I join you, I want you to mum economy and efficiency in the utili-
oped on earth. In the formation of its
know of my profound respect for the zation of whatever military means his
policies and in their execution, the main
service you have been rendering and to Government may make available to him.
fields, such as the political, economic,
eA"press the earnest hope that together There is no question of this any more
financial, social, and military, are in-
we can render still better service. than there is any question of the loyalty
separably interdependent. No one field
of these senior officers in carrying out
can any longer be isolated and major
In the first approach to any job, re- the decisions announced to them by
decisions in it made without regard to
regardless of magnitude, my mind fol- proper civilian authority.
one or more of the others.
lows a certain sequence of steps. The point I wish to make here, and I
Yet, ... the responsibility of the pro-
repeat it for emphasis, is that the pro-
First, there is a Mission. fessionalmilitary man lies in the profes-
fessional military man has three primary
sional military field. His overriding re-
Second, this Mission breaks down in- responsibili ties:
sponsibility is to give his honest, objec-
to certain Functions to be performed, in
tive, professional military advice to those First, to give his honest, fearless, ob-
order to accomplish the Mission.
civilians who by our' Constitution arc his jective, professional military opinion of
Third, there must be a sound, simple, Commanders. It is not his responsibility what he needs to do the job the Nation
positive, workable Organization for the to decide whether the military means gives him.
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
2 ANTIAIRCRAFT JOURNAL
Se<:olld, if what he is given is less than Now, developing the thought a little commissioned Officer Corps of proper
the minimum he regards as essential, to from these last two elements, T raillillg quality and adequate size, we can then
give his superiors an honest, fearless, ob- alld Leadership, two basic requirements be confident that the young men and
jecti\'e opinion of the consequences, as stand out. women of America turned over to us to
he sees them from the military viewpoint, train will receive the best in professional,
First, foremost. and always, we must
of this shortage, and physical, and spiritual education that it
have an Officer Corps, comprising a
is possible to provide.
Third and finally, he has the duty, professional, long-term cadre adequate
This brings me to the last of the major
whatever be the final decision, to do the both in size and in quality. This is the
generalizations which I wish to make in
utmost with whate\'er he is furnished. heart and soul of any military organiza-
this talk this morning: that is, the Of-
tion. None will ever be better, or even
ficer and Enlisted 1\ Ian relationship.
quite as good, as its Officer Corps. This
N 0\\1 let me return to what I was
talking about a moment ago, namely,
is the great reservoir of the character, of
devotion to duty, of loyalty, of profes- WIlEN we were young officers, we
our overriding mission. sional competence-the fountainhead by served a long apprenticeship, during
The Army's peacetime successes, how- which tradition is planted and nourished. which our primary concern was the care,
ever numerous, are secondary in im- lf we are to have this, and without it training, and welfare-professionally,
portance to this one overriding, vital re- we do not have an Army, we must have physically, and morally-of the men
quirement-it must win in war. represented in our professional officer under our command. \Ve had, on the
Now there are certain simple essen- cadre a cross section of the Nation's life,average, between fifteen and twenty
tials by which it can and will win in a fair share of the best the Nation pro- years to learn those lessons. They be-
war. duces in character, in intellect, and in came ingrained. \Ve recognized a re-
In simplest terms, there are lV1en, culture. If we do not, if it is not rep- sponsibility twenty-four hours a day,
MOlley and Momle, or, since we don't resentative of a cross section of America, seven days a week, for these men. \Ve
control the acquisition of money, these it will not, in the long run, have that knew afTection for them in our hearts,
essentials arc: support of the American people which and we knew their unfailing response to
it must have to accomplish its ultimate real leadership. They were American
First-arms and equipment. mission. soldiers, and there aren't any finer ones.
SecOIld-training.
Next, and closely after the Officer \Ve must pass on to the younger of-
Third-leadership.
Corps, is the requirement for the Non- ficers the know-how of handling the
None of these needs much explana- commissioned Officer Corps, with its American soldier. \Ve have not taught
tion to you, and the first doesn't need professional cadre of career personnel, the younger officers what to us became
much explanation to the American peo- inspired by the precepts of the Officer second nature-the responsibility of the
ple. I think they recognize pretty well Corps whose standards it emulates. officer for his men. \Ve have that re.
that the days of club and sling, of spear These, gentlemen, are the essentials sponsibility here in \Vashington equally
and ax have passed, and that no Army with which leadership can accomplish with our brother officers in the field.
or military force today can expect suc- the seemingly impossible. These are the \\le exist here in the Pentagon for one
cess in battle if insufficientlv or inade- essentials without which ultimate suc- primary purpose, and that is to ascertain,
quately armed, no matter' how well cess is impossible. These are the elements evaluate and, to the limit of our abilities,
trained or how well led. to which I invite your attention, and to meet the requirements of the com-
The other two basic elements need a which I suggest we, all of us, keep be- manders in the field who are charged
lot of continuing explanation to our peo- fore our eyes, however numerous the with the execution of decisions made
ple, and one of them at least, Leadership, distractions of our day to day concerns. here. I shall expect that no matter how
needs a lot of continuing study by our- \\lith these two instruments with engrossed we become in the multitude
selves. which to work, an Officer and a Non- of stafT procedures here we remember
*** * * * * * * * * *
SEPTEMBER - OCTOBER, 1953
********** 3
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
these basic elements for which we, in- like, of trammg: and the requirements partance. In military organizations it is
di\'idually and collecti\'ely are responsi- for training, and for leadership. are just of vital importance. It tends to corrode.
ble. as active and just as necessary in this and corrosion produces friction; and fric-
great staff as they are in any field com- tion generates heat and eventually spoils
mand anywhere in the Army. It plays any machine if uncorrected. I am not
One of these basic principles was just just as vital a part right here as in the talking of honest differences of opinion,
recently stated by President Eisenhower Seventh Army, the Eighth Army, or any- least of all at those times when issues
in transmitting to the Congress Re-or- where in the Continental United States. are being debated. I am talking of the
ganization Plan No.6, since become law. practice of vicious "crabbing" about the
In it he stressed several points, one of loyalty official actions of proper authority.
which was the necessity for the main-
tenance of democratic institutions. This
The necessity for this basic military * * *
essential is so clear that you scarcely The Work load
point is illustrated by the reiteration of
ever hear it mentioned. Yet it is not 1 think it is excessive. I think it must
a principle to which America has been
automatic, and it is not always present be and can be reduced. I shall seek the
unfailingly dedicated: the principle of
-up, down, and laterally in equal de-
civilian control of the military.
gree-as it must be. This is not so much
The command channels bv which
through design as through failure to
that control is to be exercised have been
culti\'ate it and to recognize its eternal
made unmistakably clear. The channel
importance. It either does or does not
goes from the Constitutional Command-
exist, and sometimes determination is
er-in-Chief to the Secretary of Defense
difficult. It is particularly vital today in
and through him to the Service Secre-
this period when we cannot see very far
taries. In my own case, my commander
beyond the horizons, and when the ut-
is Secretary Stevens. I had not known
terances of senior officers, whether made
him until last April, when he first visited
publicly or in private groups, assume
my command in Europe. I want to say
ever-increasing significance.
to you gentlemen-without reservation-
1 shall expect the officers of this Staff
that the Army has as its civilian com-
to present their own honest views, fear-
mander as high-principled a man as the
lessly, forthrightly, but objectively in the
Nation can produce.
light of their own conclusions as to what
In a short talk he made at the Quan-
best serves the Army's over-all interests.
tico Conference he said, "No one ever
The most dangerous adviser to have
had more respect for the Army or more
around is a "Yes Man," and the most
humility in approaching my task than 1.
useless is one who thinks of self instead
I shall defend its prestige and rightful
of service. I shall also expect, at all
privileges to the utmost."
levels, that having expressed his opinions
1 am proud to serve under Secretary
and having heard the decisions, his en-
Stevens as Chief of Staff, and I feel
tire support will then be put behind the
sure you share that feeling with me.
execution of that decision, regardless of
Now 1 confide to you senior, responsi-
what his views had been.
ble members of this staff the responsi-
bility for proper indoctrination of all the Cliques
personnel in your respective divisions, to
1 have not the slightest knowledge of
the end that our teamwork and the
the existence of any cliques within this
mutual respect and understanding es-
headquarters. I pray there are none, but
sential to teamwork be steadily strength-
I want to say in unequivocal terms that
ened and broadened.
I will not tolerate such vicious elements
if it is within my power to eliminate
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
4 ANTIAIRCRAFT JOURNAL
* * * * * * *
SEVAREID PRAISES AMERICAN FIGHTERS'"
full cooperation of Secretary Stevens and
the Under and Assistant Secretaries. "There were many mysteries in the Korean \Var," says Eric
But within our own resources, I. think
Sevareid, CBS radio chief \Vashington correspondent. 'The great-
we can do much, by better organization
-more of the spoken than the written est is the human puzzle of what made American youngsters fight
\\'ord, less attention to the written record so hard, so long and so well in this kind of war.
for alibi purposes, and more efficient and "Loot? There was none of that in Korea. Glory and victory? Little
adequate delegation of authority to sub-
of that. Their homeland im'aded? No. National passion aroused,
ordinates.
everyone involved? Not the case. i\loral or religious crusade?
Thousands of our troops had only the dimmest conception of the
United Nations and collecti,'e security.
* * * * * * *
SEPTEMBER - OCTOBER, 1953 5
Maintenance in the Self-Propelled AAA
AW Battalion
By LlEUT. COL. OTHO A. MOOMAW,
Artillery
SUCCESSFUL employment
MA AW Battalion (Self-Propelled) in
of an 4 Tool Sets, Orgn. 1'laint. 2nd
Echelon:;; 1 Common (SNL J-7).
T HE most important is a grease rack
at each battery and battalion shop. For
the dual role of AA and Ground Sup- Tool Set, Orgn. Maint. 2nd the hea\")' vehicles a grease and inspec-
port in combat is dependent upon good Echelon;: 2 Common (SNL J-7). tion pit can be built by digging a rec-
unit maintenance and good maintenance Tool Set, Orgn. 1'hint. 2nd tangular hole in the ground and crib-
support from the Ordnance. Echelon :;; 2 Supplemental bing up the walls with timber or engi-
The primary armament in the 3rd (SNL J-7). neer pickets. The location selected
AAA A W Battalion (SP) consists of 32 Tool Set, Welders (SNL J-lO). should be high enough to permit drain-
l\H9Al, Twin 40mm Gun Motor Car- age. The grease and inspection pit in
The following list of references are au- use at this Battalion shop area has great-
riages and 32 l\116 Quad .50 Cal. Gun
thorized and should be available for ly improved the hull and engine mainte-
Motor Carriages. There are 14 Armored
each Battalion and Battery Commander nance.
Utility Vehicles (l\B9); five Half-track
and l\hintenance Officer for ready ref-
Personnel Carriers l\Bl\l; 30 ¥.t-ton One maintenance shelter is author-
erence:
Trucks; 27 2Y2-ton Trucks; one lO-ton ized by the T IO&E for the Battalion.
\Vrecker, and one Vehicle Tank Re- T1'137-281O, l\lotor Vehicle Inspec- At least one is needed at each Battery
covery. Each Gun l\ lotor Carriage has tions and Preventative Maintenance and three in the Battalion; two for Ve-
a power charger consisting of a gasoline Service. hicle l\laintenance and one for the
engine and generator. There are a total Tl\19-2852 \Velding, Theory and Ap- Welding Shop. These shelters can be
of 315 storage batteries in constant use plication. constructed by welding a frame together
on these vehicles. FM44-62 Service of the piece-Twin using pipe, angle iron or engineer pick-
Assigned to the Battalion to perform 40mm Gun Motor Carriage M 19. ets, the latter being more readily avail-
the first and second echleon mainte- T1'19-251 wlC 1-40mm Dual Auto- able in the combat zone. By building the
nance are: matic Gun fvI2 and Twin 40mm shelter frame in sections and bolting it
1 Track Vehicle l\laintenance Officer. Gun l\lount M4. together, it can be made portable. That
6 l\lotor Sergeants. T1"19-757 wlC I-Gun Motor Car- is recommended. Salvaged canvas can
38 Track and \Vheeled Vehicle riage 1'Il9.
usually be procured from the Division
l\lechanics. TM9-1718C- Wisconsin 2-<:ylinder
Quartermaster.
12 AAA Auto \"eapons l\lechanics. Auxiliary Engine, l\lodel T.F.T.
The remaining big factor for success-
1 Armorer. Ord 7 SNL-G-248 Gun l\lotor Car-
ful maintenance is adequate supervision
2 Recovery Mechanics. riage 1\119A1.
at each echelon of command to insure
1 Welder. Ord 7 SNL-A50 Dual40mm Gun M2.
that the maintenance is performed as
1 Ordnance Parts Specialist. FM44-57 Service of the Piece, l\lul-
scheduled and that the schedule (mainte-
136 Vehicle Drivers. tiple Caliber .50 Machine Gun
A total of 198 officers and men. Motor Carriage 1'Il6.
T1'19-71O Basic Half-Track Vehicles.
The following tool sets are authorized:
T1'19-223 1'lultiple Cal .50 l\lachine
40 General l\lechanics Tool Sets Gun 1'lount l\1-45.
(SNL J-lO). Ord 7 SNL G-102 Vol 14 Gun l\lotor
12 Artillery 1''lechanics Tool Sets Carriage 1'116.
(SNL J-lO). Ord 7 SNL A-39, Gun, l\lachine Cal
1 Armorer's Tool Set (SNL J-lO) . .50, Browning 1'1-2, Heavy Barrel,
Fixed and Flexible.
T1'19-755 Armored UtUity Vehicle
Lieu!. Col. Moomow, V. P.1. groduote in
1934 ond well known to our reoders from his
1'139.
reports from the 3rd AAA AW Bottolion ISP)
in Koreo, now commonds the 601st AAA Gun
There are a few facilities that can be Members of Battery D, 3rd AAA A W
Bottolion, Woshington oreo. built in the field that are a great help in Battalion, 3rd Infantry Division, check
performing maintenance. their weapons.
6 ANTIAIRCRAFT JOURNAL
r".re "'",,) i, kop' )'0,,00 up '" da".
The Battalion Commander must take ac-
given less mamtenance dilllcultv than
the ,\ 119: however there are several
drive or when going down a steep hill
in front wheel drive.
tire interest in the maintenance and the things that require special attention. The
problems of parts supply and personnel
replacements.
Continuous inspections should be
first is the \'ibration qamper and fan-
dri\'e pulley on the crankshaft. These
parts should be inspected frequently to
N 0\ \' a few words about the Armored
Utility Vehicle 1\139. Inspect frequent-
made to insure that the battery and pla- insure that 1) the screws holding the ly in order to insure that the rear idler
tOOncommanders are enforcing the per- vibration damper to the pulley are se- support roller spindles are anchored
formance of the daily. weekly and cure and 2) the large hexagonal screw tightly to the hull. The large cap screws
monthly inspections and preventath'e holding the pulley onto the crankshaft holding this spindle take the entire load
maintenance services. is tight and securelv locked bv the lock- of propelling this vehicle and if one
Here are a few tips. Trailers are often ing device. Due t~ the close' space be- screw comes loose or breaks, the added
neglected: therefore assign each trailer to tween the pulley and the radiator a good strain will soon break the adjacent cap
a \'ehicle and include it on the mainte- inspection is difficult: howe\'er. it is well screws and soon the idler falls off or
n,\I1ce roster for the vehicle or keep a worth the trouble to remm'e the armor jams in between the hull and rear road
;ep:lfate jacket file for each trailer. In- wheel and yOU are stuck until a wreck-
spect the trailers just as freguently as ing crew arrives or major maintenance
the other vehicles. can be accomplished. Also care must be
Ilere in Korea the simple things cause exercised to keep the shock and suspen-
the most trouble. By cleaning. tighten- sion linkage tight and in good working
ing and lubricating. most of the break- order. Hemo\'e rocks from road wheels
downs can be prevented. and tighten track link pin locking keys
For example, in June, 1952, shortly frequently. Keep screws in rear hull door
after I joined the unit, we had a large in place and tight all the time vehicle
number of engine failures on the 1\119 is in operation. Very frequently the
Gun 1\ Iotor Carriages. Pistons were seiz- screws on the bottom portion of the door
ing and connecting rods were being Captain Jack Young, MTO, and M/Sgt. are not replaced after an inspection or
thrown through the crank cases, indi- \X'inn start M39 by using "slave cable" service of the engine. The vehicle is
cating overheated engines. 1\ Iany of the and another M39. then driven over a large stone or stump,
men claimed it just happened. I-Iow- the bOllom of the hull pushed up and
ever a systematic inspection revealed shield and radiator and perform a thor- a large gap left between the bottom of
that the causes were simple. The first ough inspection if there is any indication the door and hull. Then as the vehicle
thing we found out of order was loose that the pulley is loose. is operated, mud and dirt is scooped up
radiator caps and worn-out cap gaskets. If this large screw comes loose or the into the engine compartment, breaking
The water was boiling out due to the vibration damper comes off, the fan gas and oil lines and damaging the car-
low pressure maintained in the radiator. blades will be bent and a large hole will buretor and other parts. So, keep the
This Cadillac Engine is designed to oper- be torn in the radiator. I have seen five nuts and bolts in place and tightcn often
ate up to 240°F and 16-lbs. pressure per such failures in this ballalion in the past and then this vchicle will roll many
square inch in the cooling system. In ]2 months. hours under severe road and weather
addition to the faulty caps and gaskets The second most common failure is conditions.
we found 4# 04 ton) and 7Y2# (half- that the engine gets out of time. This is There is not much needed to make
track) radiator caps in use. These would due to 1) the distributor locking bolt the present maintenance organization in
permit the coolant to escape at low tem- coming loose and allowing the distrib- a AAA AW Bn (SP) ideal. A nre-con-
peratures-220° to 230°F. Also many utor to slip on the distributor housing, trol electrician is needed in each lettered
radiators were dirty inside and outside. or 2) the distributor shaft breaking on battery and one in the battalion mainte-
In some cases the louvres (fins) on the the end where the top section sets into nance section to inspect, maintain and
radiators had been bent over, restricting the lower recess. An improved design service the power turrets on the Ml9AI
the passage of air. After a strong pro- with Ruted Ranges or tougher metal Gun Motor Carriages.
gram of 1st and 2nd echelon mainte- could correct the laller deficiency. It is recommended that one of the
nance got under wayan the cooling sys- The third most common failure is that three AAA auto weapons mechanics in
tems our engine failures were reduced the teeth on the front differential ring each lettered battery be upgraded from
to a very few. gear may break when backing the ve- a corporal to sergeant and trained to be a
Driving at too high an engine speed hicle up a steep hill or when going down turret artillery mechanic. Further recom-
due to wrong gear selection, especially a steep hill. This happens more fre- mended that a turret artillery mechanic
when going down hill, has damaged quently in very cold weather. Apparent- in the grade of sergeant first class be
many engines by overheating bearings. ly the teeth on the ring gear are under- added to the battalion maintenance sec-
So when operating a M 19, watch your cut in the manufacturing process and tion of headquarters Battery to super-
engine speed and check the condition will not stand as much driving force in vise the inspections and preventative
of the cooling system Frequently. reverse as when pulling forward. \\Tam- maintenance services on all gun mounts
The Gun i\Iotor Carriage 1\116 has ing: back up gently when in front wheel in the Battalion.
SEPTEMBER - OCTOBER, 1953 7
15th AAA AW Battalion (SP) Combat ,
By LIEUT. eOL. JOHN Y. BRIGHTMAN
Commanding
T HE 15th AAA AW BN (SP) after tates his platoons. The platoon with the The control exercised by the battalion
training at Fort Bliss and Fort Lewis ar- Infantry is shifted to the Artillery, and differs somewhat in each regiment. In
rived in Japan in August, 1950, under vice versa. At the end of 12 weeks the one regiment complete operational con-
then Lieut. Col. Robert \\T. Hain, and battery is interchanged with the battery trol is exercised by the regiment. The
was promptly attached to the 7th In- furnishing the AA defenses for the gen- regiment selects the weapons sites and
fantry Division for the amphibious land- eral support FA battalion and vital rear builds the positions for them without
ing at Inchon. After that operation it areas. In this way each battery is with an action on the battalion's part. However
moved to Pusan to ship out for the am- RCT for a period of three months and the battalion is notified of all impending
phibious landing at Iwon, North Korea. moves and offers advice at times as to
In November, 1950, B"attery A, while the location of the weapons. In the other
attached to the 17th RTC, was among two regiments, the regiment designates
the first UN troops to reach the Yalu. to the battalion the areas or targets upon
About the same time the first platoon of which it is desired that this battalion
Battery D was cut off in the vicinity of place fire. The battalion then recom-
the Chosin Reservoir and only eighteen mends sites for its weapons in the regi-
men of the platoon were able to fight mental area to enable it to accomplish
their way out and reach Hungnam. these missions. Upon acceptance by the
After providing for the air defense of regiment of the recommendation, the
the Hamhung-Hungnam area during battalion then constructs the position.
the withdrawal of the UN troops, the The battalion supervises the training,
battalion embarked for Pusan, and maintenance and administration for all
closed at Yongchon on 28 December. its platoons at all times.
Since then the battalion has fought its Close support fire of the platoon at-
way through central Korea with the 7th tached to the infantry is controlled by
Infantry Division, serving under Lieu- Indirect fire position. the supported infantry's FSCC through
tenant Colonels Seth F. Hudgins, James the platoon CPo Because many of the
M. Moore, and B. H. Johnson as bat- then serves with the general support FA battalion's weapons on the MLR can fire
talion commanders. On 10 November Battalion for a period of one month. into areas not under the control of their
1951, the 15th became an organic part In the static situation prior to the assigned infantry regiment, this battalion
of the 7th Infantry Division having al- truce, there were many advantages to can upon request mass the fires of all
ready proved its motto, "Fire Power And this system. Each platoon in the bat- available weapons into a specified area.
Mobility," in fourteen months of combat talion was attached to the infantry for All positions are tied in by wire and
with the Division. six weeks during a 16-week period. Since radio to the battalion, and AAAIS in-
At the present time the battalion has the platoons with the Infantry were occu- formation and AAA fire control is dis-
one platoon attached to each of the three pying positions on the l\'1LR the person- seminated by the battalion.
infantry regimen~ on the MLR. To pro- nel in these platoons received four points
vide for more effective control and co- a month and rotated when they accumu-
ordination by the battery commander, lated 36 points. This method provided THIS battalion has recommended that
each battery which furnishes a platoon that all gun crews and platoon personnel the platoons be placed in direct support
to an infantry regiment, employs its were given equal opportunities to ac- of the infantry regiment rather than at-
other platoon in AA defense of that in- cumulate points and to qualify for rota- tacked, to provide greater fire power and
fantry regiment's close support field artil- tion at 36 points. In addition, since divi- flexibility. This has been approved by
lery battalion. The remaining battery sional AAA is never in reserve, it greatly the Di\'ision CG, and will be put into
furnishes the AA defense for the general lessens the probability of "combat fa- effect in the near future.
support field artillery battalion and vital tigue" and affords an opportunity for Both direct and indirect fire methods
installations i~ the Corps and Division training and maintenance when the are used in support of the infantry, and
sectors. tracks are in AAA positions. This method it is possible to provide additional weap-
Each platoon remains attached to the further insures that all personnel are ons support for the infantry by utilizing
Infantry for a period of six weeks, at trained in both close support of the in- many of our AA weapons in the rear
which time the battery commander ro- fantry and AAA techniques. of the l\ILR employing indirect fir~
8 ANTIAIRCRAFT JOURNAL
r
methods. The 707th Ordnance Battalion information of planes in the Division sultant lack of use of our weapons in an
has, upon request by this unit, equipped area picked up by this battalion's CP's antiaircraft role, extensive AM training
one of our 1\ 116's with brakes to lock the and gun crews are immediately relayed is in effect to insure an effective AM
turret in any position. The weapon has to the T ADC and has prm'en to be a defense. In addition to training at bat-
been tested and with minor modifica- valuable addition to TAGs early warn- talion level, all crews are sent to the
tions should prove extremely efficient in ing system. Eighth Army AAA range for firing prac-
an indirect fire role, as minute adjust- This battalion has had some interest- tice. Crews are sent to the range for a
ments can be made in azimuth and ele- ing missions while in Korea which are period of 4 days, and since the range is
\'ation and the turret will remain locked not normal to an AAA battalion. Bat- operating continuously each crew is af-
at these settings. An azimuth base ring tery X was organized consisting of 23 forded firing practice at least once every
and a gunner's quadrant are used to ap- 1\13Al's and 2 1\139's to prm'ide ammu- 3 months.
ply the settings. nition relay vehicles and to prm'ide for This battalion recently attached four
Since it is important that all guns on the e\'acuation of casualties for the 24th 1\116's to the 1st ROKA Division to pro-
the 1\116 be equal in barrel wear to in- Infantry Division. This battery is no vided close support on the 1\ILR during
sure as little dispersion as possible where longer in existence, but the 1\139's are the recent Chinese attack against that
employing indirect fire, the ordnance still being used to clear the battleground di,'ision. Casualties, both in our equip-
battalion has made a barrel gauge for of both friendly and enemy casuaities. ment and personnel, were heavy, but
each 1\116 to be used to check barrel Many of the men participating in these the ROK's were unstinting in their
wear. operations have received distinguished praise of the support rendered by these
Because of the lack of an early warn- awards for valor. The attachment of two weapons and credited these 1\116's with
ing AAA system in the division area 90mm antitank guns with crews fur- repulsing two ground attacks on out-
other than that organic to this battalion, nished by this battalion to place direct post "Betty."
direct communications have been pro- fire on enemy bunkers was another un- During the Chinese attack on outpost
vided between this battalion and the usual mission, During the 26 days these "Porkchop" in July, the battalion head-
nearest Tactical Air Direction Center guns were attached, they fired 2,348 quarters received several rounds of ene-
and to the Division's airstrip. In addi- rounds into enemy bunkers and de- my artillery. The battalion executive of-
tion this battalion monitors the broad- stroyed 160 of them. ficer and 8 men were seriously injured
r casts of the Seoul-Inchon AAOR. All un- Since April 1, 1952, this battalion has
fired 77,638 rounds of 40mm and 15,-
and 5 men were killed in this action.
As this article was being prepared, the
identified or hostile planes are plotted
in the battalion AAOR. With this in- 870,329 rounds of cal. .50 in close sup- truce was put into effect. A future article
formation the battalion is able to advise port of the infantry, In view of the fact is planned describing this battalion's
the Division as to the status of alerts that the communist air has not been ac- mission during the truce period.
the Division should order. Furtht':rmore, tive in the division area with the re- Notify the JOURNAL of Your Address Change.
THIS training maxim is well known divisional unit, the Kimpo Provisional sions, the 24th U.S. Infantry Division,
and is the ultimate objective of all train- Regiment, 1st Marine Division. This as- and the 1st U.S. Cavalry Division. The
ing. But how many units have con- sures that the units are at all times pre- Battalion's primary surface mission was
ducted training under actual combat pared to assume either of the dual mis- terminated I December 1950 at which
conditions? sions, despite the tremendous turnover time it was employed in a primary AAA
The AAA Gun Battalions in Korea of personnel. role with Field Artillery as secondary.
are being employed in their primary The role of field artillery is not a new
mission of air defense around priority
targets and although this is a full-time
job, it docs not e},"ploit their capabilities
one for the 78th AAA Gun Battalion.
On arrival in Korea the battalion was
initially committed in its secondary field
T I-IE following story is about the 78th
AAA Gun Battalion and its activities,
as to their assigned secondary mission. artillery role. The battalion moved out while engaged in a recent ground oper-
Their secondary role of field artillery, firing its first rounds against the enemy ation. \Ve refer to it as operation "HAM
however, is not being neglected. The on 19 September 1950, then participated HOCK."
battalions rotate the assignment of pro- in the great drive northward in support Realizing the battalion couldn't jump
viding reinforcing fire for a front line of the 1st and 6th ROK Infantrv Di,'i- into this mission completely cold, a train-
I
enemy was apparently waiting, because
"Canned" problems using these concen- THE following day a guerrilla CO they threw four 76mm PO rounds in
trations were developed to gi\'e training indicated a concrete bridge that he close to the road we were using. They
to fire direction centers and gun crews. wanted destroyed but didn't have the weren't \'erv, accurate, but close enouoh
I
0
Observer procedures, fire commands, artillery to reach it. A map perusal so that the crew had to take cover. The
telephone discipline and crew perform- showed that it couldn't be reached from gun was set down with no difficultv and
ance were integrated. Forward observers present position but by moving to the the crew made themselves comfo~table
were given maximum formal instruction extreme left Rank, it could be hit very until morning.
and then sent forward in ach-ance to ob- easily. On the following afternoon one
serve procedures and study terrain in gun was march ordered and moved I
the OP's they were to occupy. \Vithout under cover of darkness to the alternate THE next morning when the fog and
stressing the fact, this interim training mist had cleared awa\' the observer from
paid off a hundred fold as we shall see; OP ] called his mis;ion into the FOe.
so, let's get on the road to "Halll Hock." The observers had great difficulty in
The composite batte!)' consisted of a observing the rounds as they landed be-
gun crew from each battery; fire direc- cause of the rough terrain. However, the
tion, supply, communications, and mess OP could observe well enough to ob-
personnel from the entire battalion. The tain two seconda!)' explosions. Several
gun crews and key personnel were ro- successful missions were fired during the
tated every seven days. Thus in the course of the day.
thirty days that this battalion spent on Around ]800 hours the gun crew was
the 1\ ILH. in this role, it was possible to preparing to eat a hot meal that the mess
rotate every gun crew and all key per- Battery Area crew had brought out to them. It was sud.
sonnel in the battalion. The gun crews denly interrupted by incoming mail from
in general consisted largely of newly ar- position. It's tough enough moving over an enemy gun position. Immediately the
rived personnel. This was no handicap, Korean roads in daylight and under observer on or ] picked up the Rashes
however. for the men were highly en- black-out conditions there is somewhat from the enemy guns and phoned the
thused with the results of each mission of a problem. The mo\'e was accom- grid coordinates down to the FDe. The
fired and rapidly became proficient in plished without incident and the gun gun crews who had been left in the
their duties. was ready to !ire by daybreak. 1\ lean- original battery position were itching to
LIpon issuance of the customa!)' move- while the observer had to be ferried out fire counterbatte!)' fire, and this was their
ment order personnel rendezvoused at to an adjacent island, also during dark- chance. The FOC quickly computed the
Battalion Headquarters at 0500 hours 19 ness, so that the target could be brought data and sent it out to the guns in the
~ lay 1953. At 0600 hours under com- under observation. Actually the only batte!)' position, which in turn applied
mand of the 0 Batte!)' Commander a problem was communications. Inasmuch the data to the guns, and the outgoing
tactical con\'Oy moved out arriving with- as this was to be a one-time operation, mail was on the way in approximately a
out incident at "Hal1l J-Iock" at ]200 it was solved by routing through five minute and a half from the time the
hours. After the C ration lunch had been different switchboards and cross-patching original round had landed. Here the
completed all personnel went about their during the low traffic period. This turned previous training of the observer, FOC,
assigned duties in taking over the bat- out to be between sunrise and 0700 and gun crews paid big dividends, for
tery. The battery range officer took hours. On the morning of 23 May the after the first round landed the enemy
charge of the FOe. The batte!)' com- mission was fired. Because of the dis- guns were silent. A number of rounds
mander and executive officer went about tance (16,000 yards) APC was difficult were !ired in counterbattery and the ob-
dispersing and camouRaging vehicles, to observe, so a mixture of APC and PO server called for a cease fire. \ Vhen the
checking guns, ammunition, personnel was used, e.g., two APC and two PD. !iring ceased the enemy guns were not
bunkers, and working out a ground de- This prO\'ed successful and the bridge completely knocked out, as they opened
fense plan. The forward observers were was destroyed. Two of the three pilings up again after a few minutes of silence.
10 ANTIAIRCRAFT JOURNAL
It was a matter of seconds before the Under the co\'er of da~kness the gun ordinarily be seen.
guns were booming again. This time the crews moved out with gUl) and equip- In view of the current ammunlt10n
;nemy position was thoroughly plastered ment and emplaced in one of the posi- situation. one of the objecti\'es during
and the battery was silenced. tions. The next morning a fire mission this training was supply economy. Every
The gun crew on the left flank was was called in from OP 4. The target was effort was made to keep this objecti\'e a
conracted as quickly as possible and the the group of caves that were mentioned foremost thought of all personnel con-
report was made that there were no before. The caves were effectively plas- cerned. A target was not fired upon un-
casualties and no damage to any of the tered and a great deal of damage was in- less it was a target of worthwhile interest
equipment. A total of thirty-three rounds flicted. Two large secondary explosions and the destruction of targets was done
of PO 76mm had landed in and around were observed. After the mission the with the minimum number of rounds.
the position. One round had landed be- radio tower was brought under fire. Al- In battle when vou know vou have
tween the gun and ammunition pit. though a direct hit was not obtained on only so much amm~nition, reg~rdless of
It was onlY a matter of minutes before the tower itself, a large amount of dam- what course the battle may take, you
the 1\larine; were calling the FOe to age was done to the bunkers and trench can be \'ery• convincinob about enforcinob
check whether we had suffered any lines surrounding the tower. ammo economy.
casualties and upon finding the answer At the present time the 78th is back in
neoati\'e
b
they__ immediately let out a war its air defense role and another gun bat-
whoop. \Vhen asked what the war whoop DUE to the number of hills to the talion is engaged in operation "Ham
was for they replied, 'That was our sixth front of the OP's, observation of rounds I-lock." As a result of this training both
day of incoming rounds and we get com- was very difficult and an AO was called officer and enlisted personnel are quali-
bat pay this month," In fact the 1\larines in for targets of opportunity. It was fied to accept a field artillery mission if
proved to be \'ery good friends. Through- known that there were 1\\V and mortar the occasion arises. In fact we are look-
out the period their cooperation was all positions behind the range of hills but ing forward to our next crack at "Ham
that could be desired. Any facility they they couldn't be located from the OP's. I-lock."
had was readily made available for our The 1\0 proved invaluable in locating Results credited during the 28-day
use. Their comments on the results of targets such as this. Using the AO to operation "Ham Hock" were:
our firing were favorable as the staff fol- observe for us during the course of one 16 KIA; 44 V/IA; 21 Buildings de-
lowed each action in the daily summary afternoon, one A \V position was dam- stroyed; 17 Buildings damaged; I Bunker
crediting the destruction of enemy tar- aged, one mortar position destroyed and destroyed; I Bunker damaged; I Bridge
gets. surprise fire was called in on several destroyed; I Bridge damaged; 2 OlVes
Over to our right flank OP 4 had re- troop concentrations which was very ef- damaged; 2 Mortar positions damaged; 1
ported a group of caves and a radio tower fective. The success obtained in using A \V Battery damaged; 1 Gun Battery
that were very tempting targets. A recon- the 1\0 proved that this is the best meth- damaged; 2 large secondary e;"1Jlosions.
naissance was made to the right flank od to use in difficult terrain. Using this
and two gun positions were picked that means to observe fire, many targets can [This battery has been deactivated
were sui table. be covered with surprise fire that couldn't since the tTUce.-Ed.]
TI-IE 1\1I6 became an immediate suc- as pan of the regimental combat team effect, added to his own. Since the AA
cess during the first year of Korea. In concept. These were assigned to the in- usually had a platoon on the regimental
most of the divisions in Korea, each in- fantry regiment's tank company in the line, this meant that the lieutenant pla-
fantry regiment received a special issue expectation that the proper maintenance toon leader often supervised nearly a
of six 1\116's to supplement the SP bat- would be available there. These infantry battery-sized grouping of weapons.
talion's equipment apportioned to them tracks were usually used to augment It turned out that the infantry regi-
the AA front-line coverage rather than ment had not the experience in either
being assigned to separate original mis- maintenance or tactical operation to ade-
Captain Small. a frequent contributor lost sions directly under the infantry. The quately manage these 6 extra tracks. Usu-
year from the 82nd AAA AW BN in the 2nd
Division, in Korea, now serves as 54 on the AA officer commanding the SP battal- ally, it devolved upon the SP battalion's
24th AAA Group staff in Swarthmore. Po. ion's tracks on that particular part of the maintenance section to make all of the
line usually had these extra 1\116's, in second echelon checks and repairs. The
SEPTEMBER - OCTOBER, 1953 11
tank companies seemed to have more tracks right up on the infantry l\1LR, sembly for the support of the Bloody
pressing interests and seldom had the dug into big revetments just like the Ridge Campaign in the fall of 1951, and
necessary repair parts to keep the 1\116's other infantry weapons, often within 800 the subsequent objective operations of
going. Probably the basic reason was that to 1500 yards. After June, 1952, when the the "name" hills during 1952-1953, the
suitably trained crewmen were never front erupted into a succession of hard AW protection was likely to receive
available; it was seldom that crews of local battles, it became undesirable for greater priority and better coverage.
infantry tracks were fully manned or the 1\116's to remain in static positions It seemed during the first phase of the
adequately trained. If there were quali- exposed to the growing volume of enemy Korean War-the year of movement-
fied 1\116crewmen coming into the divi- artillery and mortar fires. The construc- first priority went to the infantry sup-
sion replacement company, they properly tion of overhead cover bunkers became port, with little time for anything else.
went to the SP battalion directly (usual- the rule, and eventually it was necessary During that period the M16 earned its
ly short itself) rather than to the in- to admit that the place for the AA half- reputation. During the next year of the
fantry regiments. tracks was not on the very front during static build-up, first priority went to the
static conditions, but somewhere in the infantry MLR; the tracks being assigned
X T was a calm, bright, clear morning of the heat-and-shock proof asbestos bar- the idea were brand new to him, "By
in Tunisia in i\Iarch of '43. Suddenly rel packing that was needed to keep God, i\lajor, we just don't really know
a German i\ lesserschmitt 109 fighter such machine guns watertight. One bar- at all! \"hat's more, I'm not sure the
plane popped over the top of a hill and rel was pitifully packed with string; the captain knows either."
started a strafing run on a peaceful look- other with the crew's shoe laces. Both The captain, when I found him that
ing American bivouac area. Little did guns not only fairly squirted water but night, did !lot know. His supply records
the pilot know that he was coming in also seemed generally about ready to fall consisted of a few dog-eared shortage
almost down the gun barrels of a pair apart. The only cleaning materials on lists from the Ordnance Supply Officer
of Caliber 50 AAA pieces manned by hand were some heavy grease and two at Camp Stewart, Georgia. vVe agreed
ready gunners. As he opened fire, he discarded undershirts, all full of the that said officer's legal and moral respon-
was himself met by a hail of tracer that omnipresent Tunisian sand, as were the sibility for supplying a battery in Tunisia
should have cut him to bits. weapons. The wonder was that the was certainly at least open to doubt.
It should have, but it did not. Some- guns had been able to open fire at all! Despite his own uncertainty, the battery
thing went wrong, just as the guns closed Anyone might well have shrugged this commander felt that the Battalion Sup-
the lead. One quit; the other began to off as part of the exigencies of extremely ply Office ought to have the answer, and
spew its fire in hopelessly erratic dis- rugged combat conditions. A blind of- was the proper outfit to push supplies
persion. The lucky German scooted off ficer, however, would have noticed that to him. "Everything's tight though,
"on the deck," untouched, leaving be- in the bitter i\larch cold of the moun- Ma jor," he reminded me. "Nothing has
hind him a burning truck and a couple tains the gunners were clad only in been coming to us." I-Ie did not have
of young American AI\A gunners crying ragged dungarees. A few questions soon to argue to convince me. His headquar-
in frustrated rage. disclosed to me that they had no under- ters had only two socks per man, com-
A green-as-grass brigade staff officer, wear and only three socks apiece, one to pared to three at his gun crews. At least,
I did not yet realize that in watching wash and two to wear. They had, more- he was not short-stopping supplies en
this action I had just had a rude intro- over, been on "C" rations for two months. route to the front!
duction to the problems of antiaircraft As I continued checking the gun and
supply. Unknowingly I had witnessed
an antiaircraft supply failure, one that
had suddenly negated months of training
remarked on shortages of tools, the lieu-
tenant and gun commanders were loud
in their complaints of trying to "keep
T HE next morning I visited the Bat-
talion Command Post;' a jumble of
and days of vigilance. gun sections together with baling wire." trucks and tents in a large grove of
These gunners were as good as any in i\lentally I was about ready to agree olive trees. There I hoped to get a
North Africa. Thev were veterans and with them in cussing the QM and the better picture of the battalion situation
had not been caught napping. Their Ordnance when purely by chance I hap- as to equipment authorized, on hand,
water-cooled guns, however, were in sad pened to say to one section chief, "Ser- and short. The supply officer had a good
shape. Neither piece had a single bit geant, just what supplies are you sup- list of what his batteries had on hand.
posed to have that you don't?" He also had voluminous files of requisi-
The big burly N .C.O. started off tions for items, from shoes to dungarees,
Lieutenant Colonel Thompson, USMA grad- rapidly, soon began to repeat himself, and even for the celebrated barrel pack-
uate, 1936, is also past graduate of George
Washington University. He served as the ran out of words, and looked helplessly ing. }-Iis requisitions, however, were
48th AAA Brigade 54 and CO 433rd AAA to his lieutenant. This lad added a few three months old. i\loreover, they were
AW Battalion in ETO 'during the War. He
is now an duty with Army G2 in Washington. more items, stammered, and finallv said addressed to the G4 of a divisi~n that
slowly, half to himself, as the though had mO\.ed out of the area.
14 ANTIAIRCRAFT JOURNAL
"Han>n't you any requisitions to cover sent their commanders with more com- trucks, he is authorized, it does not tell
,'our current shortages?" I asked him. plicated problems of supply than the him the breakdown of each item into
:'Surek vou\"e lost or worn out stuff in antiaircraft. The technical equipment its component parts, with proper cata-
the b~t ~hree months!" peculiar to the AAA cannot usually be logue numbers for each part. For ex-
He s\\'allO\wd h3rd and began to obtained through the normal supply ample a gun is not just a gun for supply
oro\\" red in the face. channels used by the infantry divisions, purposes. It includes not only the nring
" "Aren't you attached to another di\'i- and requires special ordnance and signal \\"capon itself but also spare rings, bolts,
sian now?" I continued. supply and maintenance channels. The \\'ashers. and springs. There is authorized
He nodded, unable to see any rele- frequent long moves and wide disper- for it an issuc of cleaning and presen'ing
,'ance in the question. sion of A:\A units make not only the material of particular types and definite
Carefully I explained that he ought drawing but also the systematic dis- quantities. ;\lost of this material has
to have up-to-date requisitions and that tribution of supplies an extreme tax on peculiar identifying catalogue numbers,
the filling of them was by no means an the ingenuity and impro\'isation of anti- and cannot be successfully ordered or
automatic process. I mentioned that the aircraft personnel. Dislocation of supply even located in a dump without these.
infantry division to which he was now channels by rapid reassignments and To cite a case, the machine gun barrel
attached had re-equipped its units three movements of AM units is the rule packing so badly needed in Tunisia was
weeks before, and would therefore be rather than the exception. The 40mm on hand, useless for weeks, back in the
on the bottom of the Corps supply priori- battalion 1 later commanded, for ex- supply base at Oran, because it arrived
ty list, with nothing but gas masks to ample, in its progress from Casablanca labelled and identified only by an Ord-
give him. I added that his former parent through Sicily, Italy, and France to nance Catalogue number. The Oran
division, now out of the line and issuing southern Germany, was assigned or at- dump had no Ordnance Catalogue for
supplies to its units, was probably glee- tached to 12 different AM groups, 5 AAA Materiel. Requisitions for "barrel
fully giving his share to someone else, AAA brigades, 4 infantry divisions, 5 packing" with no identifying number
and certainly wasn't going out to hunt army corps, and six armies. Obviously rang no bell with inexperienced Ord-
for him to give him any, under such changing situations the ma- nance personnel and certainly not with
We then hopped into a truck to go jor burden of responsibility for main- their French and Arab assistants, who
and see whether it w,as too late for me taining the necessary continuity of sup- continued stacking great rolls of it, in
to put in a good word for the battalion ply channels for an AAA Qattalion rests thc belief that it was kitchen twine.
with the G4 of the division that was on the battalion commander. Any supply
refitting, We arrived in time for only service endeavoring to exert "impetus
an issue of socks and of a few wool from the rear" would probably nnd only THE catalogues of spare parts and
clothes sized large enough for King cold trails and "Old Latrine" signs. components are extremely bulky, and
Kong. All the other supplies ordered by As a battalion commander, vou will therefore do not receive wide distribu-
the battalion, from shoes to cleaning fortunately find that some probl~ms have tion. Any battalion commander who does
materials, had gone to someone else. been simplified since the days when the not have pertinent catalogue extracts
Here was a battalion short on supplies Americans fought in Tunisia. Present in his supply office files is courting dis-
of all kinds. Even so, those responsible Tables of Organization and Equipment, aster, There will be many times when
did not know what the outfit was sup- which specify how many rifles, neld an entire theater may lack a needed
posed or authorized to have, how much ranges, tents and similar items your out- catalogue. Let me cite an actual example
it was short of this amount, and when, fit is authorized, are a big improvement of what can happen under such condi-
where, by whom, or to what degree its oyer that master puzzle of World War tions,
shortages would be filled. Outstandingly II, the so-called Tables of Basic Allow- Catalogues originally destined for
at fault was the battalion commander, ances, \"hich allotted items on such i'\orth Africa in 1942 were all lost at
whose unawareness of his own formi- ngue basis as: "1 ea. per squad." These sea with one torpedoed ship. Urgent
dable supply responsibility was particu- tables had to be used with a similarh' cables to the Pentagon received only the
lark shown by his own words to me as \'ague Table of Organization that left omniscient reply that ample copies had
1 ,;'as leaving. Said he, "1 appreciate you guessing whether a gun section 'was been sent. Shortages in AAA units be-
your coming around to see what 'we need a squad or two squads for supply pur- • came really serious. Quartermaster
and help us out. We boys up here poses. Another improvement is that spe- dumps, at the same time, \vere cancelling
fighting the war don't have any time to cial AAA Ordnance maintenance com- requisitions for "Sets, Carpenter and
worry about supply. The impetus on panies are now faid\' numerous, and Wheelwright" as "not on hand." Ac-
that has to come from the rear. No radar technicians, for~erly about as rare tually these sets were made up of saws,
commander could have been more mis- as atomic scientists, are now reasonably hammers and like tools which were aU
taken. Supply is a command responsi- available. ' on hand, but nobody in North Africa
bility. It cannot be buckpassed, either Formidable AAA problems of supply had a list describing such a set, so no-
down to the supply officer or back to the nevertheless remain. They are not likely body could draw one. A saving break
supply services. to decrease, especially in eyent of global finally came, thanks to the foresight of
war. Though the present Table of Or- the AAA's own l\lajor General Sander-
ganization and Equipment tells the ford Jarman, who had included in the
OF all those army orphan children battalion commander how many major SOP Pamphlet of his AAA Command
known as separate battalions, none pre- items of equipment, such as guns or complete equipment and spare parts
SEPTEMBER - OCTOBER, 1953 15
lists, with catalogue numbers, for all ex- months or on the other hand repeat an sire to conserve and save scarce items.
isting types of AM organization. Ma- on-order requisition to the Ordnance and will be a must.
jor General \Villard In'.ine, on infonnal have them deliver you two guns instead To demand supply consciousness of
request from a desperate antiaircraft of- of one. your unit, you must first achieve it YOur-
ficer in Africa, sent enough copies over- There is a particular obligation on an self. You should encourage your supply
seas by air to supply all theater AAA. AAA. battalion commander to check officer to consult you frequently. Fre-
outfits. The arrival of these lists per- constantly the supply discipline of his quent spot checks of supply papers will
mitted location and release of o\'er 20 unit. First he wants his men to have also reward your effort. You can tell
truckloads of tools and spare parts to what they need. Every gun battery. much about the thoroughness of your
A.AA units in Tunisia alone. Copies every automatic weapons section, should battery commanders by watching their
and extracts of "Jannan" were highly have a list of what it is authorized and requisitions for a few months. You can
prized by all veteran commanders of what it has on hand. Small files of stock spot as well any tendency of your sup-
Tunisia for the rest of the war, Manv cards, one card for the tally of riRes, ply personnel to develop the unhealthy
battalion supply officers carefully car- another for helmets, and so on, are ex- attitude that the batteries exist to serve
ried their copies inside their shirts dur- cellent for this. Besides accurate records, them rather than the reverse. Such state
ing the landings on the beaches of Sicily, an additional constant physical check of mind demands immediate correction,
Anzio and St. Tropez. has to be made by you for overages. usually by some transfers. You can and
Even today, as a battalion commander, Because of large numbers of vehicles should observe personally the nature of
you will discover that the Ordnance, allotted them, AAA units are habitually your unit's relation with the supply
Quartermaster, Signal, and other supply tempted to carry whatever they can for dumps, and see that you are getting the
services require constant information comfortable living. Those extra trucks service and priorities you deserve. You
from you to keep abreast of your supply are supposed to carry ammunition. And should insure that your S4 and motor
needs. Emergencies can set the best of the day will come when you will need transport officer work closely together
supply service "automatic" calculations to load ammunition in a hurry without and do not duplicate each other's efforts.
awry. Units operating in heavy mud, having to unload a lot of overstuffed The S4 has a vital interest in an accurate
for example, have to use tire chains at chairs to make room for it. So, you need knowledge of numbers of battalion ve-
all times. Loose Rapping tire chains can now to launch an austerity campaign. hicles operational, yet many MTO's fail
so cut the brake hoses of trucks that a You will nveer really know what klep- to keep him informed. You should have
theater's planned normal two-year supply tomaniacs and packrats soldiers are until a supply annex in your SOP, to regu-
can vanish in six weeks. Likewise no you have conducted a "shakedown" in- larize to the maximum such battalion
automatic computations by ordnance am- spection of your AAA battalion! and battery procedures as requisition,
munition supply personnel can antici- issue, salvage, rationing, and stockpiling.
pate the unusually heavy extra ammuni-
tion expenditures of a ground support
mission by AAA. Time and again failure
A battalion commander needs men of
real talent in his supply office. Many
For example, in the SOP it is well to
specify that although motor and radar
requisitions may be made outside the S4
of the AM personnel to warn the Ord- battalion commanders have found that channel, your S4 must get an informa-
nance of anticipated ground support an excellent incentive procedure is to tion copy.
missions has pennitted stocks of ammo place the best lieutenant in the battal- One of the most unfortunate concepts
in forward dumps to be reduced danger- ion on the battalion S4 job with a view that gained credence among brigade and
ously low. There is a special purgatory to promoting him if he does well. Once group commanders in World War II
reserved by higher commanders for the promoted, he then is given the next was that their commands were purely
AAA battalion CO who ever runs out battery command available. Eventually tactical units and that supply was not
of ammunition! all battery commanders by this means their responsibility. Such erroneous ideas
will have also been battalion S4. This seemed to be the approved doctrine of
the Army, as T /0 changes in 1944 com-
THE Supply services, moreover, have
their individual peculiarities in handling
is effective for putting pep into the bat-
talion supply office and making a bat-
talion supply conscious throughout.
bined the Sl (Personnel) and S4 (Sup-
ply) jobs at brigade and group level
your requisitions. The Quartermaster, Our battalions in future conRict will into a single combination Sl-S4. In two
which does not like to "back order" cloth- have to be far more supply conscious years as a battalion commander, I never
ing sizes not on hand for men who may than may now seem necessary. The received a visit, much less an insepction,
be casualties any day, usually cancels all relative plenty of good equipment in of my unit or records, from any S4 of
unfilled parts of a requisition, and these World War II France and Germanv, all the brigades I served under, and only
must be reordered by you. The Ord- and in present-day Korea, places whe;e two of the groups.
nance, on the other hand, will "back most of AAA troops have seen their only By contrast, the G4 of every infant!)'
order" for you, as it knows you will have combat, will not be the normal state of or armored division I ever supported
a lasting need to replace a lost item like affairs if we join in a new major con- tactically visited my unit promptly and
a gun. These procedures may vary from Rict. In any new war against a major habitually. By further contrast, I was
place to place as you move around. but power, desperate supply situations like a brigade S4 myself for over a year be-
regardless, you have to watch out in the earlv davs in Korea, or in Africa and fore I was given a battalion. During
general that you don't expect one Q~1 Italy du'ring World War II, will be likely that time I managed to visit and inspect
clothing requisition to be good for to recur. Supply consciousness, the de- every battery ever in the brigade, and
16 ANTIAIRCRAFT JOURNAL
in emergencies even ran supply dumps praise. All battalions are to a certain and Robin Hood's robbing the rich to
for our battalions. I was no better 54 extent wise to the usual eyewash, the .feed the poor. The best of them get
than the rest, but my brigade command- red painted signs and rapid execution itchy fingers with captured supplies. One
er was an outstanding officer who knew of gun alerts, that higher headquarters battalion 54, for example, on the break-
how to use me properly. will always look for. The really thorough out from Anzio, drove up to his unit
The fact that eyen the best 51 is often and conscientious commanders can. how- c.P. in a German tank, complete with
tied to his desk, at times when a good ever, almost invariably be separated from captured crew, fully intending to run
S4 cannot afford to be, has apparently the sloppy ones by supply inspections. it along with the truck column! Such
finally been recognized by the Army in 1"\ot merely the supply im'entory of procedure would have wasted a tank; it
its new tables of organization. The each battalion, but also its entire system almost wasted an S4.
changes as of 1950 not only restore the of ordering and drawing supplies should
pre-1944 separate supply sections for be the subject of close scrutiny from
brigade and group headquarters, but higher headquarters. The brigade or YOUR supply story need not be one
also, in the case of the brigade, have group S4 must see to it Ilut only that of failure. Here's a success story. One
added a captain as assistant S4. his battalions are drawing from the des- day during the Cassino Campaign an
Even so, brigade and group supply ignated dumps, but also that these Army G4 looked out of his office after
sections are none too large for carrying dumps are the best ones for the units, not a heavy rain and was startled to see an
out the tough job that AAA supply im- unreasonably far from them, nor poorly officer climb out of a jeep, walk over to
poses on a higher headquarters. stocked and run in comparison with a half frozen ditch and step down into
Correct equipment status reports are other available dumps. Should he fail the mud, well above his knees. A few
needed in Washington. to keep close check on this, he may re- minutes later the same officer, dripping
However, a correct report of the status ceive a letter from the Army commander, mud, appeared in the G4 office. It was
of the major items of unit equipment as many group S4's have, asking why a an antiaircraft battalion commander from
in all battalions of a brigade or group certain battalion is drawing duplicate right up at the front, "Colonel," said
can only be maintained by constant sets of rations from two or even three he, "I've been around to see my guns
physical check against lists. When the dumps! On the other hand he must and those boys in the gun pits need
battalions find that this is not done, they make sure that his units are not being overshoes. Look what that mud's like."
accumulate overages of useful items cheated on amounts or priorities, espe- "I could have pleaded priorities or
such as trucks, and promptly dispose of cially when attached to another organiza- just thrown him out," said the G4 later,
bulky and unhandy ones such as air- tion for supply. At times he must fight "but do you think I could turn down
ground recognition panel sets. to keep his combat units given combat the first CO around here who'd ever
The brigade or group S4 who visits priorities, and not put on a par with shown me a practical supply procedure?
and checks records frequently can save some machine records unit. He got his overshoes! But that's not all.
his battalions much paper work and va- Supply guidance is needed to prod I heard that soaked as he was, he picked
luminous reporting by obtaining his in- the laggards and also to check the over- up a heavy cold on his way back to the
formation first-hand. zealous. There is a certain occupational front. His boss heard that story and was
Supply inspections will enable a group kleptomania that makes many of the so pleased he sent him off, with a bottle
or brigade commander to be better in- best supply officers habitually light-fin- of whisky, to recuperate in that lush
formed on which of his battalions need gered. They see no moral difference hotel at Sorrento. He's not exactly in
his 'personal corrective action or rate his between their raiding a fat ration dump the doghouse with his gunners either!"
by S. L. A. MARSHALL $5.00
SEPTEMBER- OCTOBER, 1953 17
IT PAYSTO AIM!
By MAJOR THEODORE WYCKOFF
Did you know that it costs $5.70 to any ammunition which does not serve a -prepare your firing-make sure every
fire a single shell of the self-propelled real training or combat purpose. Putting gunner and gun pointer knows all there
AM twin forty-the l\.1l9? That a thou- it another way, every round we fire in is to know about gunnery, make sure
sand rounds of ammunition for the quad- training must serve to make our aim every cannoneer knows his equipment
ruple .50 cal machine gun-the M16- more deadly in combat or it must be and then critique-critique every course
cost $343.00? That it costs a minimum classified as a wasted round. Many wise so that the gunner can see and correct
of $37.90 for a round of 90mm AA am- men have said the same thing in differ- his mistakes. Do this and you'll see real
munition? ent ways: "In target practice the battery improvement from one course to the
Yes, at a maximum of 240 rounds per learns more from a few rounds fired next."
minute that M19 up front firing at ene- carefully and analyzed than from many Lt. Cot John P. Tawes is CO of the
my pillboxes or at enemy fighters could rounds fired hastily." This was written 67th AM Gun Battalion stationed in
burn up $1,368.00 worth of ammunition by a wise old Coast Artilleryman long Worms. "D" Battery of the 67th last
in a minute of action. And that half track ago. Back in 1894, Lt. George O. Squier year won the Annual Gun Firing Tro-
M16 covering our infantry as it advances wrote about a target practice which had phy awarded by the Commanding Gen-
up the hillside or that M55 covering that been conducted at Fort Monroe shortly eral, 34th AAA Brigade. A gun battalion
bridge along our main supply route have before: like the 67th requires a fourth of a mil-
four .50 cal machine guns, each of which "The few shots which were so care- lion dollars worth of ammo a year to
could fire a maximum of 550 rounds per fully and intelligently utilized in a study conduct minimum training .•
minute. A possible 2200 rounds per of the 8-inch converted rifle at Ft Mon- Cot Tawes, what is your advice to
minute would cost you and me and roe gave us more real, tangible, valuable gun battery and battalion commanders
every taxpayer $754.00. results as far as the treatment and be- who want to get the most out of their
I think you can see why I say: "It havior of this particular gun is concerned ammo?
Pays to Aim." The 90mm AA guns de- than all the irregular battery firing which "Preparation of fire is the answer," says
ployed around our major rear area in- had been done with it up to this time." Col. Tawes. "With accurate hairsplit-
stallations or now and again reinforcing The same wisdom was expounded by ting orientation and synchronization,
the fires of field artillery with the corps the greatest Coast Artilleryman of all with a good met message and skillful
can fire up to twenty-two rounds per time-Napoleon-whose first claim to use of the data on non-standard condi-
gun per minute. Using an ordinary me- fame came, as a Captain at the age of tions, you've got the battle two-thirds
chanical time fuze those rounds cost 24, when he organized and trained the won. Add good trackers, well-maintained
$37.00 apiece, which to me could add up harbor defense of Toulon, and conse- equipment, and smoothly operating gun
to $3,335.00 per battery per minute of quently forced the English fleet to leave sections and you can't help but do good
firing. When the shell is fuzed with a the harbor and raise their siege of this shooting."
$37.50 VT fuze the cost per round is southeastern French port. For this spec- This is the advice that two experienced
up to $75.40 apiece and the cost per bat- tacular and bloodless victory, Napoleon battalion commanders have to give to-
tery is up to over $6,635.00 per minute. was promoted to the rank of Brigadier wards promoting good shooting.
These are theoretical maximum costs. General. Before I bring this little study of facts
They are not realized in actual combat N ow let's talk about you and me. and figures to a close, let us get back to
or training, .but they do underscore the What can we, as modern dav AA ar- fundamentals for just one minute. Be-
need for economy. artillerymen, do to improve au; aim and fore we jump to conclusions about what
Here in Europe, AA troops of the make our shots count? Lt. Col. Charlie to do about the high cost of ammunition,
34th Brigade are fighting a "cold war," E. Meadows is CO of the 62d AAA AW let us refocus our sights on our objec-
and that means keeping up to snuff in Bn (SP) stationed in Mannheim. The tive. We are here in Europe-or Korea
training. We've learned how to make 62d recently fired a service practice rated -or the U.S.A.-to accomplish one pri-
our ammo count, so that every round "excellent." An AAA AW Battalion like mary mission, and that is to shoot at Ag-
fired helps to assure a "kill" in combat. the 62d requires upwards of a fifth of a gressors. If we can't do that, there's no
There's no room for ammo wastage over million dollars worth of ammunition a reason for us to be here at all. There-
here. year to conduct minimum training. Col. fore, no one will contend that there is
Ammunition is expensive-there is no Meadows, what is your advice to AW any training more vitally needed than
denying that. But that is not my main battery and battalion commanders who firing. But at a quarter or a fifth of a
point. My main point is that with ammo want to get the most out of their ammo? million dollars a year, the shooting had
costing what it does, we cannot afford "My advice?" says Col. Meadows. "My better be good, aon't you agree? That is
to fire any unaimed rounds-or pump out advice is to train your people in advance why I say: IT PAYS TO AIM!
18 ANTIAIRCRAFT JOURNAL
AAA SITE HOUSING
By LIEUTENANT COLONEL ROBERT R. COREY
SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER, 1953 19
the landscaping, seeding and sodding of construction, and after carefully study- Fourth Period:
each gun position. This not only is a site ing the instructions which are available 1. Laying of floor girder.
beautification measure, but has a very with each set of buildings, have this 2. Laying of floors and reRective in-
practical result in reducing dust and the crew erect a few buildings at one of the sulation.
increased maintenance it demands. first sites selected. 3. Er~ting the framework.
After the demonstration team has at- Fifth Period:
BEING TRANSFERRED?
If so, send us your new address. If you do not yet know the new address, write
us to suspend mailing your JOURNAL. Then we hold it here and forward when
we do get your new address. That will give you better service. The Postmaster
will not forward or return your JOURNAL.
20 ANTIAIRCRAFT JOURNAL
ANTENNAS
By CAPTAIN WILUAM F. BROWN
AAA&GAf Branch, The Artillery School
FREQUENTLY, in combat, radio lated radios. These waves tend to fol- antennas on the highest hill in the vicin-
communication may be the only link be- low along the surface of the earth. Range ity of a radio station. A radio operator
tween an individual in a fonvard posi- is greatly decreased when the wave en- should be permitted to locate his set in
tion and his nre unit or headquarters to counters terrain barriers like high moun- the most favorable position within a
the rear. Any breakdown of communi- tains or wet jungles, or man-made ob- given area. He should then remove the
cation in a critical situation such as this stacles such as bridges or steel reinforced set to the exact spot from which trans-
endangers not only the individual at buildings. Consistent communication is missions will be originated.
the front, but all his supporting ele- reliable only up to a range of a few hun- Vehicular antennas must be erected
ments. dred miles when utilizing the surface vertically to operate efficiently. A tied-
Many times communication can be re- wave. down antenna has is radiating range cut
stored, or improved, simply by insuring The direct wave is most important approximately 40 to 50 per cent.
that standard issued antenna equipment above 20 megacycles, used with fre-
is properly installed, located and ori-
ented. Certainly, any time that issued
antenna equipment can be used satisfac-
quency modulated and amplitude modu-
lated radios. These waves tend to travel
in straight lines and do not follow the
T HE metal mass of a vehicle can also
be used to increase the efficiency of a
torily, it should be. Issued antennas have surface of the earth. Normally, line of vehicular-mounted antenna. The metal
been designed to give us the most ef- sight operation must be employed with mass is positioned to act as a counter-
ficient overall operation. But in special these higher frequency sets. In unusual poise or reflector of radio waves in a par-
situations, when breakdown of communi- locations where radio waves can be re- ticular direction. Experiments prove that
cation is caused by damage to, or loss of, flected from a barrier such as the sides if a vehicle is parked so that the radio
the standard radio antenna equipment, of a narrow valley, it is sometimes pos- antenna is between the greatest mass of
or in those instances where the trans- sible to communicate by other than line the vehicle and the distant station, more
mitting range is beyond the normal ca- of sight operation. efficient operation will result. At extreme
pabilities of the radio set in use, com- That portion of energy radiated from ranges, utilizing this mass of vehicle
munication can often be re-established an antenna at an angle above the hori- principle will mean the difference be-
by improvising a non-standard antenna. zon is called the SKY WAVE. Some of tween having or not having communi-
Also, in many sections of the world, ad- this energy can be returned to the earth cation.
verse atmospheric conditions or local in- by the reflecting effect caused by layers Most military radio sets are equipped
terference necessitates the use of non- of ionized gas which exists 70-250 miles with both a vertical whip-type antenna
standard antennas to maintain radio above the earth. These ionized layers of and a straight wire antenna. Straight
communication. gas are known as the ionosphere and can wire antennas are usually employed only
Before attempting to construct any reflect or refract part of the sky wave when whip antennas fail to give satis-
sort of antenna, it is helpful to under- back to the earth to make possible the factory results. Straight wire antenna
stand' nrst something about radio waves reception of radio signals a great dis- must be oriented in azimuth with the
and how they travel when leaving an tance from the transmitting antenna. antennas of other radio sets operating in
antenna. Even though most antennas The sky wave is used in extreme long- a radio net to give best communication.
tend to be somewhat directional, radio range communication, generally at fre- This is true because radio waves are
,,,aves leaving any antenna travel in quencies well below 20 megacycles, and radiated a much greater distance at right
many directions. Hawever, the strength is not particularly important in lower angles to the axis of an antenna, except
of the waves may be greater in certain echelon military radio communication. where the antenna is several wave-
directions, and at certain angles above The efficiency of an antenna depends lengths long. The responsibility for di-
the ground. very much on its physical location in recting antenna orientation in azimuth
That portion of the wave which trav- relation to obstacles which have a ten- should rest with the net control station
els along the surface of the earth is dency to siphon off the radiated energy in any radio net.
called the GROUND WAVE. The into the ground. Thus, antennas will be Some frequency modulated military
ground wave consists of two compo- more efficient when located in the open radio sets have issued with them the spe-
nents, referred to as the surface wave away from trees, bridges, power lines cial radio antenna equipment RC-292.
and the direct wave. and other natural or man-made barriers. The RC-292 is an elevated, wide band,
The surface wave is most important The higher an antenna is erected above modified ground plane antenna designed
at frequencies below 20 megacycles, the ground, the greater will be its radiat- to operate with, and increase the dis-
used exclusively with amplitude modu- ing range. Often it is desirable to erect tance range of frequency modulated
" "'"
Vertical I:;) I:;) I:;)
....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... .......
used. This is accomplished by changing antenna .....
N
N
N N
....
N
Grpund plane N
N
N N
Frequency range elements .D. dl .D. .D. elements ;Q '"
rh dl
the number of mast sections which Radio Set (me) required -< -< -< -< required -< -< -< -<
make up the antenna elements. (See
Figure 2.) The swivel ground stake on AN/PRC- 8 20 to 27.9 6 3 1 1 1 18 3 1 1 1
which the mast is supported facilitates AN/PRC- 9 27 to 38.9 4 1 1 1 1 15 2 1 1 1
lowering the antenna to make such
AN/PRC-lO 38 to 54.9 3 1 1 1 0 12 1 1 1 1
changes.
Almost everYone knows that an an- Figure 2.-Chart showing number of vertical and ground plane mast sections re-
tenna is a wire or other conductor that quired in an RC-292 antenna operating with the ANjPRC-O or other series radio
radiates or receives radio waves. Few sets at frequencies indicated in column 2.
22 ANTIAIRCRAFT JOURNAL
velocity 300.000,000 l\\PS enable an operator to tune to resonance.
\Vave length (in meters) =
frequency in cycles frequency in cydes .l\.lore accurate antenna tuning can be
accomplished with metering equipment
300
Simplified: WL in meters = ---------- by following the procedures outlined in
frequency in megacycles
Section IV, Ti\I 11-314.
w.n'e length (critical length of an an- a built-in tuning device which enables About the most efficient and one of
tenna) of the radio 'waves. an operator to tune his antenna and feed the easiest antennas that can be impro-
We usually make linear measurements system to resonance providing the length \'ised for military radio sets is called the
in feet rather than meters. But by fol- of his antenna is approximately correct, half-wave doublet, sometimes referred to
lowing the same procedure we .can de- and the feed system used is reasonably as a half-wave dipole or Hertz antenna.
termine wave length in feet. As a gen-
eral rule, the formula is worked out to A===~=7M=~=:>r;===-1
n~am.ij::==,.!7=_======------I __.~
determine one-half wavelength, since 1lNr.EM.f.f ",Ill' '<£IIP III ~
4#~ C,#Vl"INtJaS WIRE j"MNI
most military radios use an antenna of ~
-----
....
t2 wave length. The formula is:
Y2 WL (in feet) =
492
frequency in megacycles
IIIQ"""'.,
l
Because the physical length of an an-
~~
tenna is approximately 5 per cent shorter
than its electrical length, due to end ef-
fect or capacitance, a more practical
formula follows:
Y2 WL (in feet) =
468
Figure 4.
frequency in me (megacycles)
This formula is sufficiently accurate efficient. When tuned to resonance, there Figure 3 illustrates the method of con-
for determining length of wire antennas is a minimum power loss between the structing a half-wave doublet antenna.
operating at frequencies up to 30 mega- transmitter and antenna. Other straight wire antennas easier to
cycles. Antenna length as determined by When an improvised wire antenna construct, but usually less efficient, are
this formula does not include length of fails to load (tune to resonance) prop- the inverted L and straight-wire anten-
lead-in or feed system. erly, it is often necessary to raise or lower nas having a single conductor feed sys-
The sole function of any antenna feed the antenna a few feet. In the case of tem, either center fed or end fed. Figure
system is to transport power from the dual wire, center-fed antennas, a slight 4 below illustrates details of construction
transmitter to the antenna with a mini- fanning of the lead-in wires at the junc- of these antennas.
mum of loss. Most military radio sets have tion of the antenna proper will probably
BATTERY DUTIES
No one in today's Army has time to dig through stacks of regulations, FMs and TMs to nnd out what he should
be doing. No one needs to! Battery Duties, by Lt. Col. Robert F. Cocklin and Major Boatner, tells you what your
job is in the battery, shows you all the necessary details of it in language so clear there is no room for misunder-
standing. Whether you're the battery commander or the newest recruit, there is something in this book that will
help you do your job more efficiently. Cloth $2.50; Paper, $1.50
SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER, 1953 23
YOUR MiliTARY SCHOOLING
By UEUT. COL. NED E. ACKNER
Chief, Education Section, Career Management Division
24 ANTIAIRCRAFT JOURNAL
branch. In order to select, from the large All officers can take comfort from the Due to the limited quotas, a relatively
number of officers in the zone of con- fact that political pressure has no weight few officers will attend the high level
sideration, a limited number to fill the whatsoever. The Career I\Ianagement service colleges. However, schooling is
quota of a particular college, it is neces- Division is always interested in receiving only one means of developing potential
san" that all officers in the zone of con- information as to the merits of different leaders. As in the past, a number of
sid~ration be arranged in order of merit officers and when recommendations are outstanding leaders will be developed
according to their existing records. Many submitted by senior officers they are of from those who may not attend a serv-
factors are employed in developing such course evaluated with care. However, ice college but who, through on-the-job
a list. These include command and staff the final decision is based upon the of- training and a diversity of career broad-
experience; combat duty; experience on ficer's overall qualifications and his fu- ening assignments subsequent to school
ochool staff and faculties; previous mili- ture value to the service. eligibility, indicate by actual perform-
tary education, civilian components and It is not necessary that an officer sub- ance of duty a potentiality for high level
assignments; duty with military missions, mit an application for attendance at one command and staff positions.
as military attache, and duty with joint of the service colleges. Officers are con- This last facet of career development
staffs or other services; promotions, de- sidered by their arm or service automati- deserves great emphasis. It is an obvious
motions, and disciplinary actions; ef- cally from the time they become eligible fact that all officers cannot expect to at-
ficiency ratings; and age and years of until they pass out of the zone of con- tend our top military schools and it is
service. sideration. Moreover, selection is with- equally evident that some of those se-
It is recognized that the question up- out regard to geographical location or lected will not necessarily prove to be
permost in the minds of those who aspire assignment. However, officers desiring our ablest officers in time of emergency.
to attending various schools concerns the to attend Air, Navy or Foreign college Human qualifications are not susceptible
methods of actual selection. Detailed in preference to an Army college, should of such accurate evaluation and as a re-
explanations would be extremely diffi- indicate such a desire on their annual sult the next emergency will find many
cult. The records of all officers in the preference cards. officers who were not selected for higher
eligible groups are scrutinized by mature schooling, who may make their way into
and unbiased officers. The qualifications the select group of general officers who
of each are checked off on work sheets. ELIGIBILITY prereqUISites for the guide our Armies in time of war. The
Great weight is given to command ex- Army and Joint colleges may be found relatively recent past is complete proof
perience and demonstrated leadership. in SR 350-20-1, SR 350-195-1, and DA of this statement. Not all of the large
The broad pattern of an officer's experi- Pamphlet 20-21. Prerequisites for the number of officers who had distinguished
ence is considered and the degree to Air, Navy, and Foreign colleges are records and the advantage of high mili-
which officers have met demands that similar to Army colleges of comparable tary schooling during World War II met
would seem to index this future potential level. Outstanding officers may be con- the requirements for wartime general of-
is evaluated with care. And of course sidered for selection for a service college ficer rank, while others without such
the officer's overall efficiency index for although they do not meet all the pre- training rose to some of the very highest
the past five years of service, as deter- requisites for that college. Whenever, in positions of responsibility. One of these
mined from efficiency reports, carries the opinion of the Career Management officers who were not selected for higher
great weight-but this is not the sole Branches, an officer is outstanding and schooling is General James A. Van Fleet,
deciding factor. The method can be places high competitively in all other re- and his distinguished record of battle
summed up as careful, unbiased selec- spects, a waiver is considered for the leadership and civil administration
tion based upon best available informa- prerequisite in which he is lacking. should be a comfort and guiding influ-
tion, weighing carefully the qualifica- Thus, every effort is made to select those ence for many who now feel a sense of
tions and interests of the individual officers most qualified who possess the frustration for not having been selected
officer and the requirements of the Army. greatest potential value to the service. to receive more advanced schooling.
SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER,1953 25
Is the MiG-15 Superior to the F-86?*
Sy CAPTAIN ALLAN F. SONNAUE, USNR
ACCORDI~G to an article in the the handicap and interpose between the hammer, pocket knife, hair comb, mir-
April issue of Look, our fighter pilots, bombers and the interceptors to the end ror, shoehorn tool that is sometimes ad-
veterans of the Korean War, have been that the bombing of the target is suc- vertised. It will do each job in a faslUon,
telling the higher Air Force brass that cessful. but none well.
the Red jets can rule the skies of Korea At the moment the fighter airplane Don't make anv mistake about it.
within a month if they get better pilots. is the one in question. This simplifies The F-86 is a fine airplane, a credit to
It is the contention of these veterans in the explanation, but if it were bombers the designers and builders and to the
thousands of reports, both personal and or reconnaissance airplanes the same whole industry. That it is a small per-
otherwise, and also in a meeting with the general criticism would apply. The pri- centage inferior is not surprising; but
top officers of the Air Force, that the mary tactical mission of a fighter air- remember that an also-ran, ten-second
MiG-15 is so superior to the F-86 that plane is to destroy enemy airplanes that hundred yards is only 7h percent slower
the Reds can take over any time they threaten our aircraft or our surface in- than a nine-point-three world's record.
want to. The article in question is signed stallations and activities of military im- This complaint on the deficiencies of
by Fletcher Kuebel of the Look Wash- portance. our combat aircraft isn't new. We heard
ington Bureau. Th.e secondary mission is to attack sur- it about the inferiority of our airplanes
We have no intention of disputing the face targets such as airfields, aircraft on to the Zero, the Messerschmidt, the FW-
contention. We think we understand the ground, troop concentrations, supply 190, and other planes, in this last war,
how it is. We will, however, attempt dumps, vehicles and many other targets, and we also heard it relative to the Fok-
to explain in these pages something of including shipping, which must be at- ker and other German aircraft in the
the problem. Some people would have tacked from low level for reasonable 1917-1918 fracas. When you don't know
us believe that our airplanes suffer from success to be assured. your enemy's intention and are not in
excessive jewelry and gold plating: It These primary and secondary missions position to force him to play your game,
is possible that there is something like actually call for specific tactical types, it is necessary to have multi-purpose
that in the picture, at times, but that is and, accordingly, as many as seven types weapons. It is impracticable to equip
not the real reason for their being de- of airplane, if the design of the fighter with special-purpose ones when there
ficient in performance. It is of course is to be dictated by one purpose only. are so many determining factors and
true that Americans like gadgets and Others might break the requirements when the enemy can decide what to do,
comfort. We take them for granted. A down differently and get a different and how and when to do it, and make
few items are bound to be in this cate- answer, but as we see it there are seven you like it.
gory. different missions that will require seven
That these things are true is not to different designs in order that a reason-
the discredit of the Air Force. They can able approach to perfection is possible. THE seven missions, or purposes, of
do no better, for be it understood that The only way to get the most effective fighter aircraft, mentioned above, are:
so long as we let the aggressor people type for the purpose, in our opinion, is 1. The Interceptor Fighter-To de-
ca11the tune, we must dance to the tune to design to fit the purpose. That is stroy enemy aircraft that have eluded
they call. As long as this is the Ameri- what the British did with the Spitfire in early warning equipment and the de-
can policy, just so long will we have to this last war. It was designed to destroy fensive patrols and are approaching
provide our fighting forces with equip- hostile airplanes as they approached or position to attack important surface posi-
ment that is designed to do many jobs were over Britain. Aided by the then tions, installations, or Reets. This calls
-too many jobs. The many-purpose new radar they did an admirable job and for extraordinary climb and speed, high-
weapon always will be inferior, as a spe- defeated Germany's bombing offensive. fire power, short duration (in fact it
cific tactical application, to equipment can be a "one-shot" type) front armor,
designed for that definite mission. and electronic gear sufficient to insure
Even special purpose airplanes will be T HAT is what the Reds have done interception and fire control only. This
deficient under certain conditions. An with the l\1iG-15. It has one purpose, type could probably best use rocket pro-
escort fighter escorting bombers over the one type of mission. We have designed pulsion and should climb straight up
enemy country many miles from home the F-86 to be able to do a reasonably with supersonic level speed. The Rus-
will suffer in comparison to the defen- good job on a high percentage of the sian Frontier Fighters come closest to
sive interceptor fighters operating from seven types of missions. It is, therefore, this type of anything now in existence,
nearby bases. The escort must accept a compromise, and not superlatively good but the Germans in this last war had
at anyone thing. It is like the com- some rocket-propelled types that were
*Reprinted from "C. S. Air Ser£'ices, June,
1953. bination can opener, screw driver, tack the true prototypes for it. Some day
26 ANTIAIRCRAFT JOURNAL
LATEST SABREJET, FIFTH IN SERIES OF SWEPT-WING FIGHTERS, ON ITS FIRST FLIGHT
North American's F-s6H. The Manufacturer States it is a Completely New Airplane Designed to Carry Out Dual Mis-
sions as a Fighter-Bomber and a Day Fighter. The Air Force Announces This Airplane Has a Clam Shell Type Canopy,
a Sturdier Landing Gear, and Improved Suspension and Release Mechanisms for Carrying Droppable \X'ing Tanks in
Conjunction with Bombs and Rockets for its Fighter-Bomber Role. The Plane Also Carries Six .50-Caliber Machine
Guns. It is in the 650 mph Class, Has a Combat Radius of More Than 600 Miles and a Service Ceiling of More Than
45,000 Feet.
ground-ta-air guided missiles may be good visibility. This calls for long range, war. Sooner or later offensive action
well enough developed to take on this the ability to stay with a bomber or at- must be taken.
chore. tack formation and to engage the enemy
2. Defellsive Fighter-To intercept
finally by visual means, but at some dis-
fighters that seek to destroy it. As this
type will combat types Nos. I and 2
close to their own bases it will be at a
T HE trouble with the USAF fighters,
and those of the Navy as well, is not
tance from the target, enemy aircraft
threatening important surface facilities. considerable disadvantage, due to its enough specialization. Can we afford to
\"'hile termed a defensi,'e fighter, the greater weight and the resulting restric- build seven types of fighter, train crews
means to carry out the mission arc truly tions on performance. for them, and have them on a standby
offensive. This type needs good fire 5. Escort Fig/Iter (All Weat/ler)-This basis in case of need?
power, high-climbing speed, good ma- type could very well be a large airplane Under existing circumstances the an-
neuverability, and some armor forward with heavy fire power and very com- swer has been No.
and back. It needs electronic equipment plete electronic gear. During the last \\Then we take the initiative with suf-
sufficient for visual interception and war some attempts were made to modify ficient strength to dictate the choice of
gun-sight purposes only. It must be able the B-17 to enable some of them to act tactics, then and only then can the types
to continue attacks for a considerable as escorts. It was not too practicable of fighter be specialized. As it takes
period, and accordingly needs a fair then, but the A-bomb and improvements from five to se,-en years to put a fighter,
amount of ammunition, high speed and in electronic gear and computing sights from conception of the design, into rea-
moderate endurance. 111is is the basic may have changed the picture. sonable production, the problem is acute.
purpose to which the British SJ,itfire of Numbers 6 and 7 are fighter bomb- The types of fighter we are now using
this last war was so admirably suited ers, visual and all-weather, respectively. were on the drawing board before the
and for which purpose the J\liG is de- These types must be heavily armored, end of the last war.
signed. carry large ammunition loads as well as a E. H. Heinemann, chief engineer of
3. Defensive Fighter (All Wenther) substantial bomb load. They must, when the El Segundo Division of Douglass Air-
-To intercept during darkness and ob- the bombs have been dropped, be suf- craft Company, had something to say
scuring weather enemy aircraft threat- ficiently fast and maneuverable to fight about fighter design before The Na-
ening surface facilities. These types are off enemy fighters. tional Society of Professional Engineers
usually called All Wentlzer. The pur- Obviously the first three types are and the Tulsa (Oklahoma) Chamber of
pose is similar to the type under No. 2 very important when the enemy is in Commerce, last year. \"'hat he said was
above, but the much more complicated position to mount a bombing attack. To- reported in the July, 1952, number of
electronic installation not only adds gether with early warning ground sys- U. S. AIR SERVICESand it is well worth
greatly to the weight of the whole air- tems and a Widespread communication re-reading, as are any of J\lr. Heine-
plane but in most cases calls for a second network they are essential for defense. mann's works. A few of his words are
man. Greater endurance is also neces- The fighters alone are not enough. The quite specific and will bear quoting here.
sary, still further adding weight. last four types are essential to our own He says, "Now let us consider com-
4. Escort Fighter-For conditions of offensive. Defense alone can not win a plexity. A lot has been said about this
ORDERS AND DIRECTIVES tells you exactly how to prepare and issue orders,
directives, letters and other forms of Army publications. You'll find all the tricks of the
trade clearly explained, and the pitfalls and booby traps plainly marked with clear in-
structions on how to avoid them.
Every soldier will find valuable material here. The specialist will find that ORDERS
AND DIRECTIVES, together with Major Chester's TECHNIQUE FOR ADJUTANTS,
gives him a solid foundation of knowledge for better performance of his duties. $3.00
28 ANTIAIRCRAFT JOURNAL
***** *** **************
Honoring General Bradley and General Collins
General of the Army Omar Bradley
and General J. Lawton Collins \\'ere
honored at a parade and garden party
at Fort Lesley J. McNair, Thursday
afternoon, August 13th. Secretary of the
:\rm~', Robert T. Ste\'ens was their host.
Two marching battalions of the crack
Third lnfantry turned out in their smart-
est fashion. Accompanying them 1\lajor
Ralph 1\I. Powers led the 60 Ist /\AA
Battalion as it paraded its powerful
90mm guns in an impressive mounted
formation.
f\s Generals Bradlev, and Collins and
their host, 1\Ir. Stevens, arrived at the
re\'iewing stand, the 17-gun salute was
fired in their honor.
The ceremony marked the passage of General and Mrs. Bradley, Mr. Stevens, General and Mrs. Collins
} a new milestone in the careers of two
of America's most distinguished "fight- had a reassuring influence on our nation. "I cannot tnlk to you of the Army's
ing generals." Genernl BIndley, after There hns been a close personal asso- progress of the past three years without
completing two terms ns Chairman of cintion in this past decade between Gen- telling you of our great steps forward
the Joint Chiefs of Staff, doffed his uni- eral Bradley nnd General Collins. It was to fulfill the important role in the de-
form to take a position in private indus. nppropriate that they should take the fense of our homeland against air attack
try as Chairman of the Board of Bulova re\'iew together. which we jointly share with he Air
Research and Development Laboratories, It is also fortunate and fitting that Force.
Inc. However, as a five.star general he among the troops who proudly paraded ''In July, 1950, we activated the Army
will remain on call as his military serv- for their departing chiefs, there was a Antiaircraft Command which controls.
ices are required. General Collins, re- mounted antiaircraft battalion from the the AAA units of the Armv-Air Force
tiring Army Chief of Staff, now serves defenses of this area. defense team. Great strides' have been
as the United States representative on \\Then General Bradley became Chief made since in the strengthening of our
the Military Committee of the North of Staff in 1948, our AAA strength in air defenses and in the development of
Atlantic Treaty Organization, the States consisted of one group of two revolutionary new weapons, though we
General Bradley's career has been battalions at Fort Bliss, Texas. Our prog- are still far short of our goals.
marked by unusual disinction. His ress since then has been remarkable. 'Three years ago the word 'NIKE'
sound battle leadership in Europe Since "VorId "Var II no one man has was only a word borrowed from Greek
brought him not only victories but also contributed more to the build-up of our mythology. Today I am proud to report
the high respect of his military col- antiaircraft force than has General Col- to you that the word NIKE means a
leagues and the confident admiration of lins as Chief of Staff. weapon with the capability of destroying
his troops. Following the "Var as Veter- Again and again he emphasized the enemy aircraft at altitudes and ranges
ans Administrator he breathed a new importance of AAA as a part of our air heretofore unknown. Up until now it
vigor and discipline into an agency defenses. I-Ie pointed out that during has been said that a determined enemy
where forthright honesty, discipline, and \VorId \Var II our air forces lost many could bomb our cities if he was willing
a heavy brake on political and bureau- more planes to enemy AAA fire than they to pay the price. When we have a suffi-
cratic abuses were needed. As Army did to enemy planes, and that in Korea cient number of NIKE guided missile
Chief of Staff and later as Chairman of approximately 87 per cent of the United battalions combined with our other new
the Joint Chiefs he has been an able Nations planes lost in combat were lost antiaircraft weapons and with Air Force
**********************
SEPTEMBER - OCTOBER, 1953 29
CITIZENSHIP CEREMONY IN THE 96th 1
AAA GUN BATTALION
By CAPTAIN ROBERT L. HOGAN
THE 96th 1\A1\ Gun Battalion in- cial District Court at Anchorage, Alaska. on dIy, he felt that Sergeant Bauer's
troduced a new ceremony on the 19th of All that was left to do was to appear in faithful and efficient service to the na-
August 1953 at Ft. Richardson, Alaska. court and take the oath of allegiance tion deserved this recognition.
In an effort to bring home to the men before a Federal Judge.
of his battalion the priceless heritage It was at this time that Co!. Hood
represented by their citizenship in the addressed a request to Judge George \V. THE double ceremony itself was
United States of America. Lt. Co!. Ralph Folta. noted Alaskan Juror of Juneau, unique. i\ lajor 1\ leh'in W. Johnson, bat-
E. Hood initiated the performance of a Alaska to come to Fort Richardson and talion S3. put together the military por-
colorful ceremony combining the mili- com'ene this special court on the battal- tion of the ceremony, 1\ lajor Cah-in
tary pageantry of a battalion parade with ion parade field. U pan acceptance by M. Pentecost was designated command-
the dignified and moving civil ceremony Judge Folta, Co!. Hood arranged the er of troops with Co\. Hood acting as
of citizenship. joining of this civil ceremony with the reviewing o/licer. Following the usual
Lt, Co\. I-Iood as reviewing officer military ceremony of a formal battalion march on the field by the five batteries
joined with the Honorable George \\T. presentation and review. and "Sound Off" by the 43rd Army
Folta, of Juneau, Alaska in having the Co!. Hood's purpose for this double Band, 1\ lajor Pentecost brought Sergeant
3rd Judicial District Court of the Ter- ceremony was twofold. Foremost. he Bauer forward to the reviewing stand.
ritory of Alaska convened on the battal- felt that the moving and dignified cere- The command was then presented to the
ion parade field during a battalion cere- mony of citizenship would bring home reviewing party consisting of Co\. Hood
monial parade formation. The purpose to the men of his battalion the very es- and Judge Folta.
of this double ceremony being to confer sence of patriotism and high sense of As the final strains of the National
citizenship on Sergeant First Class Hans- duty which is represented by the exist- Anthem died away and the troop~ were
Holf \Verner Bauer, one of the original ence and fact of their present service in given "At Ease." three strokes of the
cadremen of the 96th AAA Gun Battal- the armed forces of their country, Sec- gavel brought the 3rd Judicial District
ion when it was activated in 1949.
Sergeant Bauer, a former German sol-
dier, arrived in the United States in 1948
to join his mother, from whom he had
been separated for many years. Shortly
after his arrival in this country, he en-
listed in the Regular Army and after a
period of normal basic training, joined
the 96th AAA Gun Battalion.
During his time with the battalion,
Sergeant Bauer worked hard both to
make a successful career in the ranks
of the Arm\' and to achieve his cherished
goal of citizenship in his adopted coun-
try. To gain the former, Sergeant Bauer
attended the Radar Electronics course at
Fort Bliss during 1949-1950 and upan
returning to Alaska rapidly rose to the
rank of SFC, Radar i\lechanic. After
accomplishing the requisite number of
years of residency in the United States
and undergoing exhaustive investigation,
Sergeant Bauer achieved all the basic Lt. Co/. Ralph E. Hood, Judge George W/. Folta, SFC Bauer, Coun Steno Mrs.
requirements for citizenship when his Louise Strahorn standing before the judges' bench as the 96th AAA Gun Bo.
petition was submitted to the 3rd Judi- passes in review.
30 ANTIAIRCRAFT JOURNAL
Court of the Territory of Alaska into tern of gO\'ernment and what it means. the significance of the ceremony, con-
official session. Judge Folta received the cluding:
petition of citizenship presented by the "Therefore. men of the 96th Anti-
District Immigration Officer and then "~ow upon your shoulders, in com- aircraft Artillery Gun Battalion. when
directed Sergeant Bauer to receive the mon with those of all citizens of this you pass in re\'iew, you will be paying
oath. ~ lajor Pentecost brought his troops country. the burden lies to preserve that your military respects not only to Ser-
gO\'ernment against encroachment and geant Bauer, but with him as a symbol,
to attention during this highlight of the
aggression. You cannot be a good citizen to all freedom lo\'ing men, women and
ceremony while Sergeant Bauer repeated
unless you assume those responsibilities. children who ha\'e come to the United
the mO\'ing and eloquent Oath of Alle-
I congratulate you." Stat~s of America seeking a ha\'en of
oiance to the United States of America,
".-\t the conclusion of this, Judge Folta ad- hope, a land of opportunity, a respite
from oppression and tyranny, a land of
dressed Sergeant Bauer brieRy: l\-IE court then adjourned as Ser- the free and brave!"
"Sergeant Bauer, it is indeed an honor geant Bauer, Judge Folta and Col. I-Iood \Vith the reading completed, the bat-
to confer the pri\'ilege of citizenship moved again to the reviewing stand. At talion passed in re\'iew and brought to
upon you. I think that one who has not this time the writer, Battery Commander a stirring finale probably the first cere-
been born in this country will perhaps of Sergeant Bauer, read to the massed mony of its kind to be held in the
be more keenly appreciati\'e of our sys- troops and guests a brief statement on military service.
UNIT ACTIVITIES
HEADQUARTERS ARMY ANTI- lege; 1st Lieut. Earl S. Cummings, SigC 31 st AAA BRIGADE
AIRCRAFT COMMAND for SHAPE; CWO Carl ~1. Fry for Red
The 31st AAA Brigade located at 1\1c-
River t\rsenal. C\VO 1\Iichael N. Krilla
Lt. Cen. John T. Lewis, COll/llumding Chord Air Force Base, Tacoma, \Vash-
is on orders for AFFE.
ington, is commanded by Brigadier Gen-
Completing its long-planned move to As replacements, the headquarters of
eral Eugene F. Cardwell.
bring about closer coordination with its the Army Antiaircraft Command has
The Brigade staff is currentl\' com-
teammate in the air defense system, the been augmented by the assignment of
posed of Lieutenant Colonel Charles
Air Dcfense Command, headquarters of oflicers including Colonel Edward T.
\V. Stewart, on OS from \Vestern Armv
the Army Antiaircraft Command, physi- Ashworth, who heads the Plans, Pro-
Antiaircraft Command, as Executive OF-
.cally movcd from rented ofllce space in gram, and Organization Division of G-3,
ficer; Major Flovd H. Bjorklund S3.
the city to Ent Air Force Base, Colorado Lt. Col. Raymond 1\1. Clock, Engineer
1\bjor i\brtin A~ Small, Jr., Coml~uni:
Springs, Colorado, on 28 August. Officer; Lt. Col. Jack E. Barton, L!. Col.
cations Officer; Captain \Villiam E.
As the Command passed its third Gerald A. Lake, L!. Col. Lavon P.
I-lewes, S2; Captain Joseph E. Markee,
birthday, it was inevitable that there Linn, Lt. Col. Marcus L. Parsons, i\lajor
S4; 1st Lt. Troy O. Hopson, S 1; CWO-
'would be a sharp turnover in officer per- George A. Chapman, i\lajor Joseph S.
3 Virgil B. Hearon, Personnel Officer,
sonnel. General Lewis' key personnel Rovansek, and 1st Lieut. John R. Glou-
and C\VO-2 Paul Foster, MTO.
now are: Colonel John T. Snodgrass, ner, Jr., SigC.
Losses to the Brigade during the sum-
Chief of Staff, and Colonel Perry H. Eu-
mer have been Colonel Robert L. \Vil-
bank, Deputy Chief of Staff, with the
Iiams, J r., formerly Executive Officer,
,general staff composed of Colonel Robert
transferred to Third Armv for duty with
S. Dingle, Jr., G-I; Colonel Leslie J.
the National Guard; Lt. Colonel <Valter
Staub, G-2; Colonel Walter F. Ellis,
Killilae, formerly S3 and Executive Of-
G-3; and Lieu!. Col. Ford E. Pratt, GA.
ficer, transferred to Vanderbilt Univer-
Staff officers who have recently de-
sity, Nashville, Tenn. and i\lajor Craig
parted include: Lieu!. Col. Ro~rt S. \V. 1\lacDonald, transferrcd to 513th
Ballagh, to AFFE; Lieu!. Col. Guy L. AAA Battalion.
Campbell, to the Office of GA in Wash- Currently on orders to join the Brigade
I ington; Lieu!. Col. Edward A. Galt, from Europe are Colonel Robert A. C1af-
Engrs. to Command and General Staff fee, Inspector General, Seventh Armv
College; Lieu!. Col. Richard H. Irvine,
AGC to the Advanced Course at Fort
and Lt. Colonel Charles F. Coffey, .I;.:
CO 63rd AAA Gun Battalion.
Benjamin Harrison; 1\lajor George t\.
De~larcay, Jr., to The Artillery School
at Fort Sill. 5th AAA GROUP
1\Iajor Lon R. Dickson has departed Colonel Harold G. Haskell relieved
for the Command and General Staff Col- Brig. Gen. Eugene F. Cardwell Colonel John C. Steele as Group Com-
32 ANTIAIRCRAFT JOURNAL
4 August to AFFE. Colonel i\laurice T.
Sha\-er, formerl" with Arm\' G2 in
\ Vashington, replaced him in both posi-
tions ..
The enlisted men of Hq Btr)' 56th
AAA Brigade (Static) battled their way
to first place at the windup of the first
half of the Fort Totten intrapost softball
league with a total of 7 games won and
1 lost. Team manager is \VO]G Francis
C. Klahn (Personnel Officer) and the
coach is 1'1 Sgt. George 1\ I. \Vilson (Per-
sonnel Sgt. 1\ lajor).
Congressman Louis B. Heller visited
-- --
1
Governor Theodore R. McKeldin of Maryland visits Battery C, 89th AAA Bat-
talion in Pikesville, Maryland, for inspection and luncheon. Here Lieut. Eugene
P. Flanagan, BC, presents the Governor with athletic shirt with Battery emblem.
Fort Totten on 22 August. I-Ie was es-
corted by Brig. Gen. I-Iarry F. 1\Ieyers
and the tour included the sites of Btrv
B 34th AAA Bn (Gun) (90mm) (Sta~-
ic), Btr)' C 526th AAA Bn (Gun)
Left to rigbt: Lieutenants Silverman and Flanagan, Governor McKeidin, Lieu- (l20mm) (Static) and a briefino of the
tenants Cecil and Fluevog and C\X'O Gallagher. Brigade mission. Congressman '" Heller
was impressed by the youthfulness of
Chief of the Artillery Branch, Army Ca- Lt. Col. Tom B. Strothers is the Com-
the battery officers and the responsibili-
reer 1'lanagement Division. Col. Alley manding Onicer of the 14th AAA Bat-
ties shouldered by them.
comes to the 19th AAA Group as a re- talion, Fort 1'Ieyer, Va.
• cent graduate of the Army \Var College. Ll. Col. Charles F. England is the Ollicers and key NCO's of this unit
Ll. Col. 1'lark C. B. Klunk came to Commanding Officer of the 70th AAA have completed an 8-hour course on
the 19th AAA Group recently as the Battalion, Fort George G. 1'leade, Md. guided missiles conducted by Capt.
new Executive Officer, replacing Lt. Col. iVlaj. James E. Gentle is the Com- Adam C. Hart, Brigade Guided Missiles
Kenneth R. Philbrick who went to manding Officer of the 75th AAA Bat- Officer. The object of the course was
FEC01'1. Lt. Col. Klunk came from talion, Andrews Air Force Base, i'dd. not to make experts, but to acquaint per-
TUSf\G, JAMAT, Turkey where he Capt. Charles B. Mathews is the Com- sonnel with terms, general facts and
was Assistant Chief of the AAA Section. manding Officer of the 503rd Operations problems involved with these new units.
Maj. Godfrey Gaborsky is the new Detachment, \Vashington, D. C. Capt. Daniel G. Kane, Brigade S4, is
Commanding Officer of the 36th AAA now on leave prior to reporting for PCS
Battalion, Fort George G. Meade, Md., to AFFE. Maj. Albert V. Cito has as-
56th AAA BRIGADE (STATICI
replacing Maj. Laurent D. Pavy who is sumed the S4 duties with his previous
Brigadier General Harry F. Meyers
on convalescent leave. Maj. Gaborsky duty of Radar becoming an additional
came from FECOM where he was Ad-
Commandillg duty.
jutant for the 29th AAA Group. Arrangements have been made through
Lt. Col. Vincent A. Mac Donald re- the Commanding General, First Army,
cently took command of the 71st AAA to have the Camp Kilmer Band one day
Battalion, Fort Belvoir, Va., replacing each month at Forts Totten, vVadsworth
Lt. Col. Burton R. Brown who was pro- and Tilden for ceremonies. The parade
moted to Colonel and went to the 35th at Fort Totten on 31 July was in honor
AAA Brigade, Fort George G. 1"leade, of Colonel Alonzo B. Holmes, Arty.,
1\ Id., as Executive Officer. Lt. Col. Mac Deputy Post Commander, retiring after
Donald came to the 71st AAA Battal- more than 37 years service. The parade
ion after completing the AA Refresher on 24 August was in honor of 1'lajor
Training Course, Antiaircraft and Guid- Ross F. Snider, Post Signal Officer, re-
ed 1'Iissile Branch, The Artillery School, tiring with 30 years service. Two com-
Fort Bliss, Texas. posite battalions in each parade were
Lt. Col. Otho A. 1'Ioomaw is the new composed of troops from Hq Btry 56th
Commanding Officer of the 601st AAA AAA Brigade, 34th AAA Battalion
Battalion, Andrews Air Force Base, 1\ld., (Gun) (90mm) (Static), 41st AAA Bat- The 71st AAA Battalion (Gun) held a
replacing 1'laj. Ralph 1'1. Powers who talion (Gun) (90mm) (Static), 526th special parade on July 30th honoring
went, TOY, to Fort Leavenworth, Kan. AM Battalion (Gun) (l2Omm) (Stat- Sfc Thomas R. Jordan (right), on his
Lt. Col. 1\Ioomaw came from Korea ic) and the 1362d ASU. well-earned retirement, and Sfc Homer
H. Caldwell on (he award of the Bronze
where he was the Commanding Officer Colonel Adam S. Buynoski, Com-
Star Medal (OLe). Lieut. Co!. Burton
of the 3rd AAA AW Battalion, in the manding Officer of the 2d AAA Group R. Brown, commanding, presents (he
3rd Division. (Static) and Fort N'iagara, departed on awards.
SEPTEMBER - OCTOBER, 1953 33
15th AAA GROUP .
Co!. Seneca \\'. Foote. Group Com-
mander. in a brief ceremony at post
headquartcrs recently acccpted for the
Fort Banks librarv..a twentv-volume set
of the new edition of American People's
Ellcyclopedia from '\Ir. Geo. Ingraham,
Sears area manager in Boston.
Lt. Co!. Francis J. Roddy, CO 605th
1\1\A Gun Battalion. also accepted the
complete encyclopedia for the Fort
Dawes library.
The climax of the busy- activitv. in the
5Hth AAA Gun Battalion during the
last week in August was the command
inspection of the batteries in their posi-
tions about Boston by Colonel Foote,
Group Commander, and his staff. 1\lajor
James E. Clark, Battalion CO, accom-
panied Colonel Footc. Lieut. Gen. Lewis, Army Antiaircraft Commander, inspects 505th AAA Gun Bat-
1\lajor Joseph A. Tringali, CO of the talion, accompanied by Generals Meyers and Tarrant, Co!. Sanford and Lieur. Col.
Chotas not shown.
16th AAA Gun Battalion, has his bat-
teries taking turn on the \Vellfleet firing
New York City, with headquarters lo- Jr. has departed to attend the Hegular
range for service target practices. iVlajor
cated at Fort \Vadsworth, on Staten Is- Course at The Army \Var College.
Leo J. I-lock is in charge of the firing. Lt. Col. William t\. DePalo has taken
land.
Alongside thc 16th the 2nd 1\AA Group Colonel Henry 1\1. Spengler, recently over the duties of Brigade 53. His for-
had batteries of the 44th AAA Battalion assigned to the 52d Brigade, is now com- mer 54 slot is at present being filled by
on the range. 1'.lajor Kenneth J. Knapp manding the 80:h AAA Group, with Capt. Joseph Pilkington, until expected
was the Group representative. Major Ed- headquarters at Fort \Vadsworth. arrival of Major Le1\lonier.
die R. Lowell was in charge of the 44th Lt. Co!. Eobert \V. 1\lolloy, formerly 1\lajor Francis M. Connelly is now
Battalion firing. Commanding Officer of the 526th AAA S3, 80th AAA Group, replacing Major
A parade was held at Fort Banks on Battalion (l20mm), is now Executive Landsman. Major \Villiam Matthews is
19 Septcmber. at which trophies were Officer of the 52d Brigade and Lt. Col. Commo Officer of the 80th AAA Group
awarded for Service Practice Firings at \VilIis T. Lind has assumed command and his duties as 52d Brigade Comma
Camp Wellfleet. of the battalion, with headquarters at Ollicer have been assumed by Capt.
l11e 605th AAt\ Gun Battalion re- Englewood, New Jersey. Angelo 1\1. 1\lonti. Capt. James B. Bacon
ceivcd the battalion trophy with a first Lt. Co!. Charles A. O'Reilly. a recent has assumcd the duties of Brigade Radar
round average of 87.3. arrival from the Antiaircraft and Guided Officer, replacing 1st Lt. William
Battery A, 514th and Battery B, 605th 1\lissiles Branch of the Artillery School. Shcavcs, who is now Radar Officer for
ticd for the battcry trophy with a high has assumed command of the 34th AAA 80th AAA Group.
score of 90.6. Battalion, replacing Lt. Col. I-Iarry 13. Major Richard L. 1\lcEwan has arrived
Lt. Col. Arthur G. 1\lay, Group Exe: Reubel, who has been assigned as P1'.IS from Fort Bliss and has been assigned
cutivc, commanded the troops with Cap- & T at I-Iampton Institute, Virginia. duties of Guided l\ lissiles Officer for the
tains Edward S. Young and 1'.lilton \Volf- I\ lajor Gerard J. Burke has assumed Brigade.
man on his staff. the duties of Executive Officer of the 1\ (ajor Frank r\. Nicholson has been
Colonel Footc took the review with 80th AAA Group, and the 51Ith Opera- temporarily assigned the duty of Officer-
Lt. Co!. Roddy, 1\lajors Tringali, Clark tions Detachment which he commandcd in-charge of the range detachment at
and I-lam' i\. Smith on his staff. The has been taken over by Capt. 1'.I. J. i\ lontauk Firing Point; all units are again
Fort Devens Band furnished the music. Healy. firing service practices at the Long Island
Lt. Co!. Philip E. Cibotti, J r. has de- 1\lontauk Firing Point at Camp I-Iero.
52d AAA BRIGADE parted for the Command and General Capt. Edward 1\lalek will take over this
By Major W. P. Sd/1lUlder, PIO Staff College and l\lajor I-Iarry Lands- position on or about 1 September.
Colonel Richard S. Spangler has as- man, formerly S3 of the Brigade and Lt. Col. l\laynard G. i\loyer's 69th
sumcd command of the 52d AAA Bri- 80th AAA Group, has succeeded him in AAA Battalion has done it again. Twice
gade, replacing Brigadier General Legare command of the 12th AAA Gun Bat- in a row, his battalion has stood at the
K. Tarrant, who has been reassigned to talion. top of the ten battalions and has been
an important post in \Vashington. The Colonel Frank 1-1. Shepardson has de- awarded the Best Battalion of the Month
52d AAA Brigade has the responsibility parted on a permanent change of station Trophy.
for AAA defense of the largest target in to attend the next course at the Air \Var The 52d AAA Brigade Baseball Team
the United States, that of metropolitan College. Colonel Arthur L. Sanford, proved what we all knew it could do,
34 ANTIAIRCRAFT JOURNAL
bv winning the Small Post Champion- cise at the Brookhaven manem'er area have been the additiollal duties of Zl
ship Trophy for the First Army Area at during the latter part of July for four antiaircraftmen.
Camp Kilmer. i'\ext season the "Giant" days. The exercise was a success but As in other cities, the Philadelphia
52d Baseball Team will break into the will be impro,'ed greatly during the next AAA units occupied many sites before
Big League (Big Post). Watch!! two, planned for September and Octo- e,'en rudimentary facilities were pro-
Lt. Col. Ben \\T. Perry of the 737th ber, The biggest enemy was the ticks. ,tided, and it has been a lot of long, hard
Battalion enjoyed reading your reprint in The 749th AA Battalion broke into work to do this construction mission as
the July-August issue of the article on a the movies in August. Their Battery C, well as carryon a primary defense dutv
battery of his battalion, entitled, "The commanded by Capt \Villiam F. Britton, taking m-enty-four hours per day, seve~
Long \Vatch." \Ve have heard that De- late of Korea and the Field Artillery, was days per week all its own. In spite of
partment of Army is thinking of making featured on a TV program featuring First the difficulties and shortaoes C>
the front
a movie based on this for 'The Big Pic- Army's 35th Anniversary program. This and back yards, school grounds, parks,
ture" series, showing AA on combat duty, batten' was also one of the batteries that golf courses, and even city dumps, which
USA. 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, acted as host to the cadets on their Cooks were, are now becoming proper blends
365 days a year. Looks like we ha,'e a Tour-did a bang-up job, too. Both of green grass and oli,-e drab buildings,
steady job. sites actually glistened, but it took a lot comfortable to the troops and satisfying
Lt. Col. Robert \\T. Harnett received of time and hard work, which paid off the community in their neatness.
the good news. FECOl\ I orders with and was appreciated by all, especially the ~n Philadelphia. the program is rapidly
leave first. cadets of '56. bemg completed. Civilian contractors
For three consecutive l\ Ion days in Au- were hired bv• the District Enoineerb
to
gust, Colonel Spangler briefed the \Vest 53d AAA BRIGADE AAA build mess halls and latrines, and to in-
Point Class of '56 on the role of AAA in SITE CONSTRUCTION stall utilities, but otherwise the sites have
the Air Defense network of the ZI. After been created and de,-eloped by AAA
By Cali!. B. B. Small, 24tl1 AAA Groz;p
his briefing, the cadets were conducted troop labor. l\ letal prefabricated build-
on a guided tour of two of our many In an effort to make the antiaircraft ings were issued for barracks_ and ad-
\ sites. The tour covered the sites located site appearance a credit to the Army and ministrative uses. These metal, insulated
at Fort Lee, New Jersey, near the George harmonious with the occupied commu- structures are twenty by forty-eight feet
Washington Bridge and another at En- nity, the time and effort of !TIany thou- in dimensions and when used for bar-
glewood, New Jersey. The cadets were sand antiaircraftman-hours have been racks, sleep sixteen men.
shown the operation of a Battalion applied to site construction during the
AAOR, the ANjTPS-1D, 120mm and past winter, spring, and summer. Using 53rd AAA BRIGADE
90mm AAA Guns, 75mm Skysweeper, the expert advice of civilian and military
FCS l\133, motor vehicles and genera- engineers, agronomists, and other erudite Brigadier General Louis T. Heath,
tors, quad M55 machine gun, and on-site technical agencies, antiaircraftmen all former Commander of 25th Division
living quarters and mess. The orienta- over the United States have been creat- Artillery in Korea, assumed command of
tion ended with the 52d Brigade units ing their own military posts within their the 53d AAA Brigade in September.
performing an unannounced "Battle Sta- defended cities. Erecting buildings, mak- He replaced Colonel Kenneth I. Curtis
tion" alert drill for the yearlings. ing roads, laying walks, installing electric who became Executive Officer.
The 80th AAA Group and the 12th . service, correcting soil deficiencies in New Commander of the 18th AAA
Battalion conducted an AFF field exer- order to landscape barren areas-all these Group in Pittsburgh is Colonel Ray-
Corps Headquarters and adjacent instal- Division, as the only unit of its type in target was destroyed. Then on the next
lations the majority of its time in Korea, Europe. Its gunners soon demonstrated taroet
b
every, gun in the Battalion fired
Batten' "D," 145th AAA AW Bn, Capt. the versiltility, mobility and effectiveness a sako. Spectators were awed by the
Vince;t E. Cahill, CO, nevertheless fired of the dual purpose 90mm gun. tremendous spectacle of firepower, as
oyer one-half million rounds in the Now part of the 34th AAA Brigade, volley after \'Olley streaked across the
38 ANTIAIRCRAFT JOURNAL
sky. Then, as the barely yisible 300 tenant Ralph C. Eyans, Commanding. the Middleton, :'\. Y. visit with the East-
~tPH target arriwd at the predicted Colonel Lupinacci seryed as Camp ern Army Antiaircraft Command, each
point, it was obliterated almost instantly. Commander at Bethany Beach and in Staff Officer was seated next to his coun.
The pattern of accurate and deadly fire charge of the South Range. terpart at lunch! At Fort \Vadsworth,
continued across the sky, the 1O-I-thhad a "Standbv Tactical Dutv
The Deputy Chief of Staff for Plans Officer" always ayailabie, lest, in th~
l04th AAA BRIGADE
and Research, US Army, Lt. Gen. L L eyent of an alert, the Army Deputy De-
Lemnitzer was recently a yisitor of the "OPERATION UNDERSTUDY" fense Commander perform his duties
"Deuce:' where he yisitcd his son, the By Lieut. Frederick T. \'an Veen unobserved. (It was all for naught; the
Executiye Officer of Btry "A," 1st Lieut. Bay Staters returned to Boston, slightly
Take your youngster to see George
William L. Lemnitzer. disgruntled, without a single alert.)
Kell if you want him to play a good
third base when he's older; or, if you're Not eyen the far flung sands of l\1on-
51 sf AAA BRIGADE raising a potential pitcher, have him tauk Point were permitted privacy; staff
Col. Harry A. Markle, Jr., Commanding watch Robin Roberts. If he's tennis and key enlisted personnel journeyed
The Pennsylvania National Guard minded, a long look at Jack Kramer will there to visit the 772d AIC & W Squad-
AAA units headed up by Col. Harry help; and, if he happens to be a specialist ron. In addition, the Brigade sent delega-
A. Markle, Jr., commanding 51st AAA in the National Guard, have him "shad- tions to: the 56th AAA Brigade, Fort
Brigade, Allentown, Pa., held their sum- ow" his Army counterpart to learn the Totten, the 26th Air Division, Roslyn,
mer camp at Fort Miles and Bethany techniques of his job, the 511th AA Operations Detachment,
Beach, Delaware, during the last two Fort Wadsworth, and the 526th AAA
On the basis of such simple logic,
weeks in August. members of l\1assachusetts' 104th AAA Gun Bn (120mm), Fort Totten. In most
Governor John S. Fine, accompanied cases, informal discussions were held on
Brigade Hq and Hq Battery enjoyed
by Major General Charles C. Curtis, operational functions of Antiaircraft; in
their Annual Field Training period re-
World War II 51st commander, and every case, warm friendship and sincere
cently, peering over the shoulders of
the Governors staff, visited the camp for co-operation were accorded the Guards-
Army AAA personnel in the greater
Governors Day on August 27th. men.
New York City area. The idea took
Major units attending were: 118th shape, appropriately enough, through the Army Antiaircraft Brigade Headquarters
AAA Group, Philadelphia, Colonel Ar- combined efforts of two Brigade Com- will hear ''I'm Walking Behind You:'
thur D. Bertolett, Commanding; 416th manders: Brigadier General Vincent P. sung with a Boston accent. The l04th
AAA Gun Battalion, Lt. Colonel Thom- Coyne, Commanding the Bay State AAA Brigade, Mass. NG, is sold on
as B. Redfern, Commanding; 707th AAA Unit, and Brigadier General Harry F. "Operation Understudy."
Gun Battalion, Lt. Colonel Francis Ful- Meyers, Commanding the 56th AAA [The Delaware Guard AAA Groups
ton, Jr., Commanding; 709th AAA Gun Brigade. The plan was for the Guards- also trained this year with like RA
Battalion, Major Edward Simmler, Jr., men to understudy, man for man, Army units. The 160th (Colonel Ralph S.
Commanding; 211th AAA Detachment personnel with the same MOS. Major Baker) trained with the 19th Group in
(RCAT), Lieutenant Frank H. Benner, General \Villiam H. Harrison, Massa- Washington and the 198th (Colonel J.
Commanding. chusetts AG, approved highly, and on J. Ashton) trained with the 17th Group
213th AAA Group, Allentown, Colo. June 27 personnel of the 104th were in Catonsville, Md.-Ed.]
nel Chester S. Wagner, Commanding; Greyhounding their way from their Bos- Giving credit where credit is due, the
213th AAA Gun Battalion, ;\'lajor James ton Armory to Fort Wadsworth, Staten lO..J.thdoes not claim authorship of this
W. Heslop, Commanding; 337th AAA Island, ;\Jew York. super-efficient method of summer field
Gun Battalion, Lt. Colonel Justin D. At Fort vVadsworth, through the co- training. Last year, Delaware's 261st
Harris, Commanding; 688th AAA Gun operation of Colonel Richard S. Spang- AAA Brigade underwent a comparable
Battalion, Major Sterling N. Bowen, ler, Commanding the 52d AAA Brigade, period of instruction with the 35th AAA
Commanding; 690th AAA AW Battal- many Bostonians were integrated with Brigade in Washington, D. C. area; the
ion, Lt. Colonel Daniel Rogers, Com- their Army counterparts; others, because ;\'lassachusetts unit gleaned valuable in-
manding; 151st AAA Operations Detach- of certain T,' 0 dissimilarities, were "as- formation from this in their pre-plan-
ment, Capt. Frank J. Sliyka, Command- signed" to the 80th AAA Group and the ning. And now, the 104th AAA Brigade
ing. 12th AAA Gun Bn (90mm) at I\li1ler is knocking at the door of the National
218th AAA Group, Pittsburgh, Colo- Field. Before the two weeks were over, Guard Bureau with evidence in fayor of
nel Vincent P. Lupinacci, Commanding; the .i\lassachusetts Guardsmen had been reviewing the training requirements for
689th AAA Gun Battalion, Lt. Colonel treated to a "Cook's tour" of AAA instal- Special Security Force AAA Brigade and
George H. Rumbaugh, Commanding; lations, had operated equipment which, Group Hq and Hq Batteries. As under-
708th AAA Gun Battalion, Lt. Colonel to them, had only existed in "Space studies, they preYiewed the latest equip-
Jess L. Butler, Commanding; 724th Cadet;' and had seen, first hand, the ment, watched the "first-stringers" solve
AAA Gun Battalion, Lt. Colonel Ed- vital role played by Antiaircraft Artillery problems they will encounter, and had,
\vard H. Hahn, Commanding; 149th in the 0;ational Defense .i\lission. for a brief moment, their feet on the
L-\AA Operations Detachment, ;\'lajor Staff members of the 10-l-th were riv. big stage.
William H. Headling, Commanding; eted to their Army namesakes, too. No One thing is sure; somewhere, some-
212th Al\A Detachment (RCAT), Lieu- halfway proposition was this; durin~ time next summer, some unsuspecting
SEPTEMBER- OCTOBER, 1953 39
300th AAA BRIGADE
Brig. Cell. Rllssell Dro1l111e, Jr., Comag.
Army Reserve AM units of l\lanhat-
tan, Brooklyn and up-state New York
held their summer camp at Camp \VeIl-
Reet, Cape Cod firing point, from Au-
gust 23rd to September 6th.
Veterans of Korea joined \Vorld \Var
II veterans and younger reservists for
the two weeks of intensi\'e field trainino.
1\lore than 700 officers and enlisted me~
participated under the control of l\lan-
hattan's 300th AAA Brigade, command-
ed by Brigadier General H. Russell
Drowne, Jr.
The major units at camp included:
364th AAA Gun Battalion of Brooklyn,
commanded by Lieut. Co!. Justin J.
Yates; 365th AAA Gun Battalion of
Brooklyn, l\ lineola and Poughkeepsie,
commanded by Lieut. Co!. Cornelius H.
Battery C, 129th AAA A \Xl Battalion, Virginia N.G. in target practice, North Borman, Jr.; 397th AAA A'vV Battalion
Range, Bethany Beach, Delaware. of l\hnhattan, commanded by Lieut.
Col. \Villiam F. Nelson; 458th AAA
VIRGINIA AAA CAMP 736th AAA A W Battalion, 1\'iajor L. Gun Battalion of Manhattan, Buffalo
F. Hayes, CO. and Rochester, commanded by Major
Colonel Edwin W. Thompson, CO Edward P. Bradley; 470th AAA Gun
193rd AAA AW Battalion, Lt. Col.
224th AAA Group, headed up the Vir- Battalion of l\lanhattan, commanded by
Joshua T. \Vest, CO.
ginia AAA Guard units at Bethany Lieut. Col. 'vVeir Adamson.
Beach, Delaware, where they were get- 945th AAA AW Battalion, Lt. Col.
Albert N. Adams, CO. Also attached to Brigade for the train-
ting in splendid 90mm antiaircraft firing,
ing period were: 313th AAA Gun Bat-
from 25 July to 8 August.
Governor's Day was celebrated on talion of Watertown, commanded by
Lieut. CO!. J. J. Buntin, of Alexan-
July 29th, during which the troops fired Major Richard J. Lindo; 469th AAA
dria, commanded the l25th AAA Gun
target practices, conducted a parade, and A \\1 Battalion of Manhattan's 77th In-
Battalion.
other military demonstrations in honor fantrv Division and commanded bv
Major John G. Roberts, of Danville,
of Governor J. Caleb Boggs. Lieu;. Co!. Edward T. Campbell; 337tll
commanded the 418th AAA Gun Bat-
Medical Dispensary of Binghamton.
talion. During the ceremony the Governor
presented the awards, outstanding of The 313th, 364th and 458th, ran their
1\'iajor George C. \Viatt, of Newport
which were: own messes and were completely self-
News, commanded the 710th AAA Gun
sufficient in every way.
Battalion. The Conspicuous Service Cross, post-
Lieut. Col. G. D. Estes, of Portsmouth, humous, presented to the widow of Lieu-
had the 129th AAA AW Battalion in tenant \Villiam S. Tawes for bravery in
camp at Fort Miles, using the Dewey action. 30Sth AAA GROUP
Beach A\V ran~e. The 305th AAA Group, Reserve, from
The Conspicuous Service Cross, to
Lt. Co!. \Villiam B. Bogue, artillery, for the heart of New York City, took their
outstanding service as the National active training from 23 August to 6 Sep-
DELAWARE AAA CAMP
Guard instructor. tember at Fort Banks, Mass.
The Delaware AAA units took their
Colonel John S. 1\layer, CO, and Ma-
active training at Fort l\liles and Bethany Medal of Military l\ lerit, to Brig. Gen.
jor Levan R. Fleck are both veterans of
Beach from July 25th to August 8th. John B. Moore for thirty years of service
the European campaign, 'Norld \Var II.
Brigadier General Joseph J. Scannel, in the National Guard of Delaware.
During camp the 305th understudied
Adjutant General, and the Military per- During this same period' the 198th
the 15th AAA Group in their normal
sonnel of his office were also in camp. AAA Group, Colonel J. J. Ashton, CO, operations in the Boston Air Defense.
Brigadier General John B. l\loore, took its acti\'e training with the 19th
Colonell\layer declared the training to
commanding 261 st AAA Brigade, was in AAA Group in \Vashington. be realistic and highly satisfactory. The
command of the troops which included: The 160th AAA Group, Co!. Ralph three Reserve AAA battalions attached
156th AM Gun Battalion, Lt. Co!. S. Baker, CO, trained with the 17th to the Group were in active training on
Daniel Lee, CO. AAA Group in Catonsville, 1\Id. the firing range at \VelIReet.
40 ANTIAIRCRAFT JOURNAL
AAA ROTC CAMP
By COLONEL EVANS R. CROWELL
Deputy Camp Commander
_R
42 ANTIAIRCRAFT JOURNAL
!ion report was prepared by the instruc- a high standard of instruction; and the a Station Commander's guidance in this
lOr. officer, or noncommissioned officer delays incident to the unsatisfactory con- respect.
obseI'Yer. This report included ratings dition of the limited standard guns of Second, the practical instruction given
on such characteristics as attitude, at- this battalion handicapped training. to the ROTC cadets during the summer
rention to duty, command presence, co- The author, having sern'd as deputy months is just as much a responsibility
operation, intelligence, judgment, in- camp commander at both the 1952 and of the Pi\IS&Ts and instructors as are
structional and command ability. To give 1953 Summer Camps at Fort Bliss, has the classroom sessions during the aca-
the cadets training in evaluation, at the some firm convictions on the conduct demic school year. Only 27 per cent of
end of the third and fifth weeks of camp, of this important contribution to the De- the officers who attended the 1952 Camp
each cadet rated all other cadets in his fense effort. The success or failure of a returned for the 1953 Camp. This did
platoon on officer potential. At the end Camp is governed by three factors-one not provide the necessary continuity, nor
of Camp, a Cadet Performance Record, controlled by the Commander of the a sufficient number of instructors.
incorporating all known or demonstrated station where the camp is held, and the Third, the antiaircraft artillery support
characteristics, was prepared by the bat- other two by higher headquarters. units furnished for the 1953 Camp had
tery commander and forwarded through only recently finished individual basic
First, it is necessary for the Station
Camp headquarters to the cadet's training. The gun battalion arrived at
Commander, as i\Iajor General S. R.
p 1\1S& T. Fort Bliss ten days prior to the opening
i\ lickelsen did so well at Fort Bliss this
Despite the long training day, and the date of Camp. The provision of well-
year, to impress upon all members of his
attractions of nearby Juarez, a compre- trained support units, with modern
command the necessity for year-round
hensive athletic program was success- equipment, requires long-range planning
planning and thorough preparation for by higher headquarters.
fully completed after retreat. In addi-
Camp; also wholehearted cooperation If the Armv• ROTC Prooram is to
tion, each battery organized a volunteer b
with the ROTC personnel sent in to maintain its position as a major source
drill platoon for off-duty exercise. In-
di\'idual awards were made to the mem- assist in the operation of the Camp. The of o£licers, the Department of The Army
bers of the winning teams in softball, ROTC Camp is not a self-supporting, must devote more thought and effort to
\'Olleyball and basketball, and the cham- transient organization, and must be sup- placing the Summer Camp on a higher
ported by an expansion of existing facili- level, a le\.el commensurate with the
pions in ping-pong and horseshoes, as
well as to the members of the best drill ties. The 1953 Camp at Fort Bliss was high quality of men being selected for
an excellent illustration of the effects of this training.
team. The outstanding cadet in camp,
and the best in each battalion, battery
and platoon were also rewarded.
44 ANTIAIRCRAFT JOURNAL
for the 33rd A-\A Battalion, and :Maj. speeds at low and medium altitudes. It honored at a parade and review, July 18,
R. L. Cordes. new executive for the 33rd. can also be used against moving ground on the eve of his departure from Fort
:\taj. James R. Benner is now assigned targets such as tanks. Bliss for a new assignment with the
to the 1st Guided Missile Brigade. Maj. Capable of finding and tracking air- Army War College at Carlisle Barracks,
Paul E. Hagemeier, formerly of the in- craft as far awav as 15 miles and of fir-
oJ
Penna.
spector section, has also left the Replace- ing on craft at a distance of four miles, Lt. Col. Charles P. Finegan, Assistant
ment Training Center. the "Skysweeper" can operate day or Adjutant General at Fort Bliss since
night-even when aircraft are invisible September, 1949, was honored at a re-
1st Composite Group in a blanketing fog. It fires a 12~-pound tirement parade on Noel Field at the
The 1st Composite Group has three shell at the rate of 45 rounds a minute. post, on August 29.
newly-assigned officers. They are: Maj. A unit of the Automatic Weapons Lt. Col. Jose E. Olivares, President of
Melvin C. Robinson, Group S3; Maj. Battalion in the AAA RTC has been the Officer Candidate Board, was hon-
Thomas M. Branigan, executive officer converted to instruct troops on the "Sky- ored July 25, by a retirement review on
of the 41st Signal Battalion; and Lt. sweeper." A special gun park of the new Noel Field at Fort Bliss.
Col. William A. Higgins, now com- automatic cannon has been provided in
manding officer of the 41st. which the troops study and practice. ROTC Cadets End Six Weeks
Lt. Col. Gay E. Miller has been trans- Training
ferred to Headquarters, 4052nd ASU, Guided Missiles Course (PIO)-Closing exercises for the 1953
and Maj. Richard A. Greenlee to Armed The Guided Missiles Course at Forl Reserve Officers Training Corps sum-
Forces, Far East. Bliss, Texas has openings for company or mer camp at Fort Bliss were held on
battery grade officers in the terms starting Noel Field July the 30th. The commis-
6th AAA Group 4 January and 17 May. The 32-week sioning of 85 senior ROTC cadets as
Lt. Col. Stanley V. Lesneski, former- course is in the career pattern of Artillery second lieutenants in the Army Reserve,
ly executive of the 6th AAA Group, has officers and may be taken without inter- presentation of awards and a cadet pa-
departed for the Command and General ference with normal branch training. rade highlighted the program.
Staff College, Fort Leavenworth. New Following completion, officers will be Cadets who were commissioned com-
executive is Lt. Col. Gordon G. Walters. assigned either to a GM unit or to R&D pleted the required ROTC work in col-
work. Volunteers should apply thru lege and the mandatory six weeks of
Awards For Korean Service channels to the AG without delay. summer camp training.
First and Second Oak Leaf Clusters The outstanding cadet of the summer
to Air Medal-1st Lt. Thomas J. Sexton; Civil Defense Refresher Course camp and the outstanding cadet of each
Air Medal-1st Lt. Robert R. Judson. Fort Bliss was the scene of a three- cadet battalion were presented with en-
Commendation Ribbon with Metal hour refresher course, held July 7, for graved desk sets. An inscribed plaque
Pendant-Capt. Walter L. Baker, Jr.; members of the Civil Defense special was awarded the college or university
Lt. Harvey J. Scott, Jr.; MjSgt. Archie weapons unit of EI Paso, Texas. with the largest number of outstanding
B. Johnson; Sgt. Aliston E. McAtee, and The eighty members attending, all cadets among the camp personnel.
Corporal J. C. Whaley. graduates of a special course given Civil A total of 116 other awards were made
Purple Heart-SFC Vernon E. Hay- Defense leaders last fall at the post, re- to winning athletes, members of the
ter. ceived the latest information on atomic winning drill squad and the outstanding
defensive measures. cadets in platoons and batteries. They
Troops Train On Skysweeper Major L. E. V. Stenstrom of the 1st received engraved cigarette lighters.
A selected group of soldiers in the G.M. Brigade spoke on measures and Maj. Gen. S. R. Mickelsen, command-
Antiaircraft Artillery Replacement T rain- means necessary for survival of the civil- ing general of Fort Bliss, presented the
ing Center at Fort Bliss is now learning ian populace in an atomic attack. awards, assisted by Col. E. R. Crowell,
the operation and functioning of the Instruction in radiological instrumen- deputy camp commander.
Army's newest Antiaircraft weapon, the tation and decontamination was pre- A parade by the cadets closed the pro-
"Skysweeper." When their training is sented to the group by Lt. R. H. Sharp, gram.
completed, the men will be assigned as Fort Bliss Civil Defense Chemical Of-
replacements in "Skysweeper" units. ficer. National Guard Summer Camp
Heretofore, training on the "Sky- Col. W. A. Weddell, Deputy Post More than 4,500 National Guardsmen
sweeper" has been confined to troops in Commander and Fort Bliss liaison officer from Texas, Louisiana, and New Mexico
tactical units armed with the weapon. for Civil Defense, greeted the students completed two weeks of summer train-
The 75-millimeter "Skysweeper" is at the opening of the session, and Mayor ing at Fort Bliss on August 30.
the Army's largest caliber automatic Fred Hervey, of El Paso, spoke to the The training was conducted under the
antiaircraft artillery weapon and its first group, stressing the importance of Civil Illth Antiaircraft Artillery Brigade of
weapon with radar, computer and gun Defense. New Mexico, commanded by Brig. Gen.
On one carriage. The three-in-one unit C. G. Sage, New Mexico Adjutant Gen-
is designed to spot and track with radar, Honored At Review eral.
and aim and fire the gun automatically Colonel Oren Swain, commander of Guardsmen included personnel of the
at any enemy aircraft Hying near-sonic the Second Guided Missile Group, was 200th AAA Group, Colonel C. M.
SEPTEMBER- OCTOBER, 1953 45
\Voodbury commanding. and the 515th
A1\1\ Group under Colonel F. G. Rowell
of the New J\le:-..;coNational Guard; the
204th 1\A1\ Group of the Louisiana Na-
tional Guard under Colonel F. C. Gra-
\'enberg; and the 136th and 649th AM
Battalions of the Texas National Guard.
The New ~lexico units and one Texas
unit-the 136th A1\A Battalion from El
Paso, Texas, adjacent to the post-trained
on their own equipment and materiel.
ANNUAL ANTIAIRCRAFT
PARTY
guard the equipment and maintain it
in readiness.
I
Fort Bliss furnished guns, transportation Before the battalions are assigned "on \
and similar equipment for the other The officers and ladies of the Anti- site" positions they will be required to
Texas units and the Louisiana Guards- aircraft Artillery will hold their annual pass tests and fulfill criteria as estah-
men. dinner and dance this year at the Fort lished by Chief of Arm)' Field Forces. I
The 716th A1\A Gun Battalion,
Lesley J. ~ lcNair Officers' Club at 7:00 Some of the battalions already meet I
p.m., Saturday, November the 21st. the strength criteria; others do not. 1\lam'
N~ING, under Lieut. Col. Raymond E.
This carries on the Coast Artillery units are particularly in need of pe~-I
l'lowell and the 726th AAA Gun Bat-
tradition. Those who can arrange to be sonnel with previous military experience
talion, N~ING, under Lieut. Col. Mar- in \Vashington on that date should noti- and specialists with training or experi-
vin I. Tillery, took the high honors. All fv the Editor. ence in radar, electronics, motors and l
I
I
batteries fired their AAA target practices fire control. Age requirements have been
under the strict conditions for Army GUARD UNITS IN AAA raised so that veterans with previous
Field Forces Test, and passed it. 1\AA experience or specialists may he
l
DEFENSE
The two weeks' training consisted al- enlisted up to 45 years of age, or reen-
A small group of leading AAA com-
most entirely of range work. Firing prob- listed up to 55. Every possible effort is
manders in the National Guard met on
lems were continuous throughout most being made to obtain qualified person-
September the 9th in \Vashington in
of the encampment period, with the ex- nel and to bring these units to the point
connection with the Army plan to inte-
ception of the first weekend, when the where they can fulfill their mission.
grate National Guard AAA units into
Guardsmen staged a review and Gover-
the Army Antiaircraft Command in J
nor's Day exercises on the post proper. LEGION OF MERIT AWARD
master plan for the defense of the coun-
Governor Edwin L 1\ lechem of New Lieut. Col. 1\ linot B. Dodson, Artil-
try's large industrial and population cen-
Mexico reviewed the troops which were lery, serving with Hq, FEC, was recent.
commanded by General Sage.
ters against sneak aerial attacks.
Brigadier General Charles G. Sage,
ly awarded the Legion of Merit for l
The Governor, officers of the three meritorious service in 1952 and 1953 as I,
III th AAA Brigade, Santa Fe, New
National Guards, and visiting New assistant G3, X Corps, in Korea.
1\'lexico, served as Chairman. Other rep-
~Iexico newspapermen were entertained
at luncheon by i\laj. Gen. S. H. i\lickel.
resentatives included I3rigadier General
William H. Hamilton, 102nd AAA Bri-
EXECUTIVE COUNCil j
sen, Commanding General of Fort Bliss, gade, N.Y.N.G.; Brigadier General
ELECTIONS .
following the Governor's Day review. James W. Cook, 112th AAA Brigade, Major General William F. l\larquat, r
Calif. N.G.; and Brigadier General Chief of Civil Affairs and l\lilitary Gov- I
Reserve Units Train George J. I-learn, 108th AAA Brigade, ernment, was recently elected as a mem-
Army Heservists from N ew ~ lexico, Ga. N.G. ber of the Association Executive Coun-
Louisiana, Oklahoma and Texas con- It is contemplated that the National cil to fill the vacancy created by the
Guard will furnish a big portion of the resignation of Lieut. Col. George W'-
ducted summer training at Fort Bliss this
year. antiaircraft defenses of the United Best, Jr. Colonel Best resigned incident I
States. None arc yet "on site," but it to his assignment overseas. I
The encampment for the 4052nd Army
Heserve Area Service Unit of New Mex- is anticipated that the program will be The Nominating Committee appoint. I
implemented when Hegular Army gun cd by the Association President has sub.
ico and the 4151 st Armv Heserve Area
battalions are converted to guided mis- mitted the list of officers nominated to
Service Unit, Houston (Texas) USAR
sile units. serve on the Executive Council for the 'I
School with attached units from Dallas,
The objective is to have National 1954-1955 tenn. This list is printed on
New Orleans and Albuquerque, was
Guard units trained, equipped, and ori- the Ballot on page 48. Members are
held in July. urged to note this ballot and to mail in .
ented in their mission, with their equip-
Training at Fort Bliss for two weeks ment located "on site," so that in an their vote.
in August were the 537th and 440th emergency, individual members of the 1\lajor General l\larquat served as
AAA A\V Battalions from Texas, the unit could report directly to battle sta- chairman of the Nominating Committee.
35th AAA Operations Detachment from tions. It is contemplated that a small Other members were Colonel Norman E.
Texas, and the 391st AAA AvV Battalion party of caretakers on permanent duty Hartman, Lieut. CoL F. X. Bradley, and
from Oklahoma. would be maintained at each site to the Editor.
46 ANTIAIRCRAFT JOURNAL
James, Granville W. to 3440th ASU, The Inf Cen, Russell, Ezekial R. to Stu Det ASA TC 8622nd AAU,
Recent Assignments Ft Benning, Georgia Fort Devens, Massachusetts
COLONELS: Johnston, Archie B. to SO.\th AAA Gun Bn, Dear- Scarborough, leland D. 10 3360th NG Inslr Gp,
;oyer, Erwin P. to USA Forces, FEC born, Michigan Andalusia, Alabama
:lrowning, Harold W. to USA Forces, FEC Knighton, Harry A. to 5113th ASU, Wyoming NG Shawhan, Joseph M. 10 USA Forces, FEC
Jonohue, James M. to USA Forces, FEC Instr Gp, loramie, Wyoming Snyder, Fronk J. to USA Forces, FEC
I ' ...,is, John W. 10 Stu Det, Army language Sch, lemonier, Donald J. 10 52nd AAA Brigade, Fort Steworl, John C. to Stu Det ASA TC 8622nd AAU,
Monterey, California Wadsworth, New York Fort Devens, Massachusetts
::;rinder, Richard H. to 6016th ASU, Yuma Test Sto, McDaniel, Cecil A. to USA Forces, FEC Sturzl, Budd F. to 31st Inf Div, Camp Atterbury,
Yuma, Arizona Indiana
"'cFodden, John J. to Hq ASA, 8600th AAU, Wash-
-orrelson, Elmer H. to 500Ist ASU, Hq Filth Army, Tillmon, John G. to 1st Armd Div, Fort Hood, Texas
ington, D C
Chicago, Illinois Tollerson, Charles l. to 5106th ASU Mich NG Instr
Mahoney, Howard E. to 2114th ASU, Sta Com, Cp
"enry, Charles W. to USA Forces, FEC Gp, Delroit, Michigan
Pickett, Virginia
Joseph, Henry R. to USA Forces, FEC Towne, Veri E. to 44th Inf Div, Fort lewis, Wash-
Mitchell, Robert C. to USA Forces, Alaska, Fort ington
.ewis, David C. to OCINFO, B529th AAU, Wash.
Richardson
ington, D C Urtes, John N. to USA EUROPE, Bremerhoven
Moore, Harry H. to 510Bth ASU Mo Army Instr Whitehead, Fred R. 10 USA Forces, FEC
•.Iltchell, George F. to USA Forces, FEC
Gp, SI. louis, Missouri Woolf, Harold E. to 31st Ind Div, Camp Atter-
'Ofter, Gwinn U. to USA Forces, EUCOM
Steele, Preston to USA Forces, FEC Owens, James C. to USA Forces, FEC bury, Indiana
Wolker, William A. to TAGO, Washington, D C Podworny, Edward C. to Hq Second Army, Fort Wynne, Henry E. to Army Security Center, B5B91h
Winn, James, Jr. to USA Forces, FEC Meade, Maryland AAU, Fort Meade, Maryland
LIEUTENANT COLONELS:
II,----sO_O_K_R_E_V_I _II
3ennelt, Verde W. to USA Caribbean, Fort
Amador, CZ
Clork, Cuyler l., Jr. to Hq Fourth Army, Ft Sam
Houston, Texas
Cline, James D. to 3310th ASU Tenn A Res Instr
E_W_S
Gp, Memphis, Tenn
~ Courtney, Rolph H. to Stu Det Hq Second Army,
Morine Corps School, Quantico, Virginia THE CHALLENGE TO AMERICAN FOR- groups were far more useful than at-
I Curtin, George P. to OACofS G3 B534th AAU,
Washington, D C EIGN POLICY, By John J. McCloy, tendance at diplomatic receptions.
Musco, Monrico P. to OACFF, B575th AAU, Fort Former United States High Commis- You can read it in one evening, but
Monroe, Virginia
Dows, Samuel R. to 6513th ASU, Calif Mil Dist Hq, sioner for Germany. Harvard Uni- the enterprising Army officer will do well
Son Francisco versity Press. 81 pages. $2.00. to study it over and over.
l Egan, John B. to OAColS G3, B534th AAU, Wash-
ington, D C 1\Ir. 1\IcCloy's Godkin Lectures at
Evans, Jock c., Jr. to USA Forces, FEC OUR NEIGHBOR WORLDS. By V. A.
I
. Goines, lorry to Hq Third Army, Ft McPherson, Harvard provided the basis for this short,
Firsoff, M.A. Philosophical Library.
, Georgia incisive, controversial book.
Hand, Robert E. to OCAFF B575th AAU, Ft Monroe, 336 pages. $6.00.
Virginia During the war Mr. McCloy, serving
Hornell, Robert W. to USA Forces, FEC with 1\1r. Stimson in the \Var Depart- Astronomer Firsoff is convinced that
Ingolrs, Rober! C. to TAGO, Washington, D. C.
Irvin, Richard, Jr. to USA Alaska, Ft. Richardson ment, noted the influence and power interplanetary travel may become prac-
Knowles, Wendell P. to OACofS G3, B534th AAU, achieved by our military men in political ticable within a few decades, and that
Washington, DC
lewis, Donald l. to USAF, Soltzburg, Austria and economic fields, as well as the mili- thought spurs him on to breathe a spark
I lewis, James N. to BOth AAA Group, Ft Tollen, N Y tary. I-Ie notes pointedly the deference of life and imagination into his study
lindquist, Bert l. to Hq, Second Army, Ft Meade,
Maryland
and respect paid by the President, Con- of astronomy.
lucas, Peyton R. to 19th AAA Gun Bn, Mt Ephriom, gress, and the public to the military, and "The book is not a fanciful account
New Jersey
Mathewson, David A., Jr. to 2332nd ASU, Po NG
thence goes on to his conclusion that of what the exploring Earthlings will
Instr Gp, Harrisburg, Po we now need above all a better developed find on other planets, nor is it a strait-
Nosh, Bertram I. to Hq 6th Army, Son Francisco
State Department with abler and better laced scientific treatise. I have striven in
Schreiber, William l. to USA Europe, Bremerhaven
Shumate, Ervin H. to Hq EAAC, B577th AAU, informed membership. it to marry our present astronomical in-
Middletown, New York formation to the rapidly expanding sci-
Surdyk, Eugene E. to OACofS G3 B534th AAU, Wash.
He comments upon the school systems
ington, D C in the services and the splendid results. ence of space-flight and give a few
Trenemon, Robert A. to OCAFF B575th AAU, Fort glimpses of its future prospects on a
\Vhile he would have military leaders
Monroe, Virginia
Wainhouse, Edward H. to 3420th ASU, Psy War given better political training, too, his scientific basis. Space-flight is treated
Cen, Ft Bragg, N C only as an adjunct to astronomy .... "
Whitehouse, Hoyden B. to OACofS G3 B531st AAU,
plea is primarily for developing in our
Washington, D. C. State Department a career group well The author applies the picturesque
steeped in international politics, and in touch to make tbe work readable and
I MAJORS:
Adderley, Joseph c., Jr. to USA Forces, FEe economics and military matters. popular, but not elementary.
Angel, Fred O. to 5104th ASU, Iowa NG Instr Gp. Along this line he sheds a clear slant The book can be divided into three
Des Moines
, Atkinson, Aaron G. to 57th FA Group, Ft lewis, on some of his experience. "American parts. The first gives sound astronomical
Washington representatives in the field must be vigor- information about the Solar System. The
Butler, Roberl J. to 5103rd ASU Ind ROTC Instr Gp,
Purdue Univ, lafayette, Indiana ous, self-reliant, well informed, active. second deals with the theory of space-
Dippolito, Joseph H. to 1127th ASU VI NG Instr ... They must not be confined to read- flight and allied subjects. The last and
~ Gp, Ethen Allen AFB, Winooski, Vermont
Elcano, Michael P. to 5150th ASU Kans NG Advisor ing stacks of cables signed by the Sec- most important part gives an astronomi-
Gp, Ft Scott, Kansas retary of State who could not possibly cal description of Our Neighbor \Vorlds,
Feindel, Howard W. to Hq WAAC, 7S77th AAU,
Ft Boker, California
have written or seen one hundredth of the planets and their satellites in the
Heimer, Gerard to USA Forces, FEC them." light of our present information.
Henson, Ira c., Jr. to USA Forces, FEC
Hopkins, Henry S. to 6515th ASU, Utah NG Instr
He comments that informal discus- You will find the book instructive and
Gp, logon, Utah sions with farmer or labor groups, with entertaining whether you may or may
Hudson, Everett B. 10 37th Inf Div, Camp Polk, la
editors, uni\'ersity leaders, or other like not hope to fly to the moon in this life.
Idabel,. Alfred l. to Son leandro, California
o
(1954-1955)
Del.
I
(
Lt. Cal. F. J. Petrilli Maj. N. l. Funke
Research. 933rd AAA AW Bn
3271h AAA Opns. Del.
Maj. W. C. Sager
Maj. P. lanasa
o 950lh AAA AW Bn
ll. Cal. J. P. Wallis, Go. 500lh AAA Opns. Del.
Maj. C. O. May, Jr.
951s1 AAA Gun Bn
FOR MEMBERS OF EXECUTIVE Lt. Cal. W. G. Bobbitt 501 sl AAA Opns. Del.
ll. W. K. Merrill
COUNCIL 30lh AAA Lt •.Blry
ll. R. A. Headland 502nd AAA Opns. Del.
(Vote for Four) Capl. J. R. Myers
o
o JOURNAL HONOR ROLL CRITERIA
ANTIAIRCRAFT JOURNAL
FROM DOWN UNDER
TO NIPPON
No United States army in \'Vorld \'Var II had a more difficult mission than Sixth Army, and none performed
its mission with more distinction and less publicity. From DOUln Under to Nippon is the history of Sixth
Army's operations, written by its commander. The book, like the army, reflects the personality of its com-
mander-it is sound, accurate and professional. It is not General Krueger's autobiography; it is his tribute to
the men who served with him.
Here, then, is the history of an army as professional as any we had in \XTorld \XTar II, an army at the thin
end of the supply line, an army that performed miracles on order and did so without fanfare. If you served in
the Pacific you'll certainly want this book. If you did not, you'll still want it for what it can show you about
joint operations.
L
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• LIST PRICE - $124.00
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