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Cost Estimation
• The price of the finished goods (FG) and semi-finished goods (SFG) manufactured is determined
through Standard Cost estimate.
• Standard cost is estimated based on the cost of input materials, planned cost of activities and
overheads.
• It is the price at which the finished and semi-finished goods are valuated in finance.
• The standard cost once estimated is valid for a specific period interval.
• A standard cost estimate is created at the end of the period and is valid for the entire next
period.
• When the standard cost estimate for the respective material (FG & SFG) is released, the system
updates the result of this estimate as standard price in ‘Accounting 1’ and ‘Costing 2’ view detail
screen of the material master record.
• This price is then valid for valuation of material in financial accounting till next cost estimate is
run.
• The materials are revaluated when the next standard cost estimate is released.
• In this specific period interval, all the FG and SFG produced through production order or product
cost collector are valued at the standard cost updated in the material master.
• This is termed as ‘Cost of goods manufactured’ (COGM).
The above mentioned tools have been discussed in detail in this article to cover the concept
behind the standard cost estimate in SAP.
Costing Variant
It is a key based on which standard cost is performed and valuated. Following are the control
parameters in costing variant.
(a) Costing Type :
It updates price such as ‘Standard price’ or ‘Commercial price’ or ‘Tax valuation’ price depending upon
the price update type. It contains the ‘calculation base ’ based on which prices are updated in material
master for FG and SFG.
For inventory valuation, calculation base will always be ‘COGM’. The COGM value will be determined
through ‘Cost component split’.
(b) Valuation Variant:
It searches prices of input materials, activities and overhead ( overhead cost sheet ) during cost estimate.
The strategy sequences for searching of the prices are specified for input materials, activities and
overhead in the valuation variant.
The strategy sequence prioritizes whether moving Avg. price, standard price or Info record price is to be
picked up for input material, plan or actual price is to be picked for activities. It also specifies which
costing sheet is to be used for overhead calculation (Material OH, Production OH).
Accounting → Controlling → • Once you have carried out a cost estimate for a material, you can transfer
Product Cost Controlling → Product the costing results to the material master as prices.
Cost Planning → Material Costing • To set a new standard price in the material master, you must mark and
→ CK24 - Price Update → CK24 - release the standard cost estimate.
Price Update • Before you can mark and release a standard cost estimate, you must allow
standard cost estimates to be marked and released in a company code.
• If you release a standard cost estimate for a material, the marked price is
transferred into the material master record as the current standard price for
the current period.
• This price is then active for external accounting.
• The materials with "S" price control are valuated with the new standard
price.
• The current standard price becomes the previous standard price.
Simultaneously periodic unit price is used in single-level and multilevel
material price determination to valuate the materials for the closed period.
• Once you have released the cost estimate, you cannot create a new standard
cost estimate in this period.
• Although you can delete a released cost estimate, the materials are still
valuated with the released standard price.
• When a current standard cost estimate is deleted, the previous standard
price no longer becomes the current standard price.
• To determine a new standard price, you have to carry out costing, marking
and releasing afresh
CK24 Release Price Update Once you have carried out a cost estimate for a material, you can transfer the costing results to
the material master as prices.
To set a new standard price in the material master, you must mark and release the standard
Accounting → Controlling → Product cost estimate. Before you can mark and release a standard cost estimate, you must allow
Cost Controlling → Product Cost standard cost estimates to be marked and released in a company code.
Planning → Material Costing → CK24 - If you release a standard cost estimate for a material, the marked price is transferred into the
Price Update → CK24 - Price Update material master record as the current standard price for the current period. This price is then
active for external accounting. The materials with "S" price control are valuated with the new
standard price. The current standard price becomes the previous standard price. Simultaneously
periodic unit price is used in single-level and multilevel material price determination to valuate
the materials for the closed period.
Once you have released the cost estimate, you cannot create a new standard cost estimate in
this period. Although you can delete a released cost estimate, the materials are still valuated
with the released standard price. When a current standard cost estimate is deleted, the
previous standard price no longer becomes the current standard price. To determine a new
standard price, you have to carry out costing, marking and releasing afresh.
The cost estimate has the status ‘VO: Marked without errors’. Only the results of cost estimates
that have been marked without errors can be released.
CK40N Edit Costing Run The costing run enables to cost, analyze, mark and release more than one product at
the same time.
Costing with quantity structure results in an explosion of the BOM and the derivation
of activity prices from the routings and work centers to create a cost estimate for each
product.
Marking the cost estimate results in the standard price becoming visible on the
material master in the field Planned Price as the future standard price.
Releasing the cost estimate can occur once the period roll-over has happened and the
standard price becomes the current valuation price of the product. A financial
document is created for the valuation difference of stock. Every goods issue in the new
period will effectively be valued against the new standard price.
Mass costing run for all products that are valuated at standard price.
Requirements
Bill of Materials (BOM’s) must be maintained. Activity prices must exist as planned
prices on the cost centers linked to Work Centers. Routings and activity types must be
maintained.
Accounting →Controlling →Product Cost During Production order settlement, either Work In Process (if incomplete delivery) or Variance
Controlling →Cost Object Controlling (if complete delivery) is posted. If Variance is posted, any WIP posted before will be reversed.
→Product Cost by Order→Period-End
Closing→Single Functions You want to post WIP or Variance after WIP & Variance calculation
→Settlement→
CO88 - Collective Processing -
Accounting → Controlling → Product The costing run enables to cost, analyze, mark and release more than one product at
Cost Controlling → Product Cost the same time.
Planning → Material Costing → CK40N
- Edit Costing Run Costing with quantity structure results in an explosion of the BOM and the derivation
of activity prices from the routings and work centers to create a cost estimate for each
product.
CK40N Edit Costing Run
Marking the cost estimate results in the standard price becoming visible on the
material master in the field Planned Price as the future standard price.
Releasing the cost estimate can occur once the period roll-over has happened and the
standard price becomes the current valuation price of the product. A financial
document is created for the valuation difference of stock. Every goods issue in the new
period will effectively be valued against the new standard price.
Bill of Materials (BOM’s) must be maintained. Activity prices must exist as planned
prices on the cost centers linked to Work Centers. Routings and activity types must be
maintained.
Mass costing run for all products that are valuated at standard price.
Accounting → Controlling → Product The administrative data for the costing run (name, description, selection and structure explosion)
Cost Controlling → Product Cost is deleted. The material cost estimates themselves are not deleted. You have to delete them in a
Planning → Environment → Costing Run second step (delete test data).
→ CK44 - Delete Costing Run
You have created costing run that you no longer wanted in the system. For example costing run
with wrong dates or costing variant. When you create a new costing variant, you want to delete
the first one with error.
CKAPP01 Display materials to be The report displays the following materials:
costed • Materials that can be costed (the No Costing indicator is not set in the costing view of
the material master)
• Materials for which no marked or released standard cost estimates exist in the system
This report can be used to check if materials that do not have cost estimate (marked or
released).
Scenario
Run this report to check if there are any semi-finished products ‘HALB’ or finished products to be
costed in plant 1200.
CKAPP03 Display sales order to be You can call up this report to obtain a quick overview of the sales order items to be costed. Flat
costed product materials are costed on the sales order. The materials are costed and marked when the
sales order is saved. It is possible that a sales order cost estimate, may be saved with error due
to routings or BOM changes. In order to monitor these sales orders with incorrect cost estimates
you need to run this report. The report lists down the sales order in the order of delivery date.
The report has 2 columns Status SD and Costing status. In case of incorrect cost estimate the
Status SD column will show COST and the costing status as blank.
Run this report periodically or daily to find the sales order to be costed for configured material
CKR1 Reorganization of cost You can delete costing results that are no longer required from the database when
estimate you specify certain criteria. This function is called reorganization
You can delete cost estimates:-
• Future standard cost estimates
Accounting → Controlling → Product • Current standard cost estimates
Cost Controlling → Product Cost
• Previous standard cost estimates
Planning → Environment → Material
Costing → CKR1 - Delete Test Data • Cost estimates not in material master (cost estimates saved but not yet
marked or released)
Wrong cost estimate, due to wrong price of raw materials or error in BOM & routing,
can be deleted. Then new cost estimates can be calculated. Be careful not to delete
‘Current standard cost estimates’ if there is already transaction data for that month.
CKR1 - Delete Test Data
A cost estimate can only be deleted if it is not locked.
CO03 Display PP Production order The PP Production order is the cost object for carrying production costs for manufacture of
Finished product. All costs such as Material consumption, internal activities consumption is
Accounting → Controlling → Product collected on the production order. The production order also provides the comparison of the
Cost Controlling → Cost Object planned cost, target cost and actual cost.
Controlling → Product Cost by Order .
→ Order → PP Production Order → You need to see the actual costs collected on the Production order and also compare it with the
CO03 - Display planned cost.
CO88 Settlement prodn order collective During Production order settlement, either Work In Process (if incomplete delivery) or Variance
(if complete delivery) is posted. If Variance is posted, any WIP posted before will be reversed.
Accounting →Controlling →Product Cost
Controlling →Cost Object Controlling You want to post WIP or Variance after WIP & Variance calculation.
→Product Cost by Order→Period-End
Closing→Single Functions Work In Process and Variance was calculated.
→Settlement→CO88 - Collective
Processing
Accounting → Controlling → • In this transaction you can compare the selected cost estimates against a
Product Cost Controlling → Product material master price that you select.
Cost Planning → Information • You want to compare the cost estimate calculated in the particular costing run
System → Summarized Analysis → with the current standard price of materials.
Analyze Costing Run →
S_ALR_87099931 - Price vs Cost
Estimate
KK87 Settlement of Prod. Cost During Product Cost Collectors settlement, either WIP (at target cost) or Variance (if or
Coll – Individual both) is posted.
Through the production process, Product Cost Collectors are debited with actual costs.
The actual costs posted to a product cost collector can be more or less than the value
with which a product cost collector was credited when the goods receipt was posted.
Accounting → Controlling → Product When you settle, this difference between the debit and credit of the product cost
Cost Controlling → Cost Object collector is transferred to Financial Accounting (FI). Settlement also feeds data from
Controlling → Product Cost by Cost Object Controlling to other components.
Period → Period-End Closing → The following can happen during the settlement process:
Single Functions: Product Cost The order balance can be reduced to zero by transferring to Financial Accounting (FI)
Collector → Settlement → KK87 - the difference between the preliminary inventory valuation (goods receipt) and the
Individual Processing actual costs incurred. The price difference can also be transferred to Profit Center
Accounting (EC-PCA).
The total variance can be transferred to profitability segments in Profitability Analysis
(CO-PA). This enables you to see an additional contribution margin in CO-PA. You can
transfer the individual variance categories of the total variance to value fields in CO-
PA in combination with certain cost elements or cost element groups
You want to post WIP or Variance after WIP and Variance calculation.
KKAO Calculate WIP for PCC Coll The WIP calculation function valuates the unfinished products (work in process).
In the Product Cost by Period component, work in process is valuated at target costs.
Accounting → Controlling → The operation quantities confirmed for the manufacturing orders or production versions
Product Cost Controlling → Cost (only in repetitive manufacturing) that are not scrap are valuated at target cost in
Object Controlling → Product Cost accordance with the valuation variant for work in process and scrap.
by Period → Period-End Closing → You calculate work in process at target costs for the following objects:
Single Functions: Product Cost • Product cost collectors
Collector → Work in Process → • Production orders with quantity structure assigned to the product cost
Collective Processing → KKAO - collectors
Calculate • Process orders assigned to the product cost collectors
• As part of the period end processing Work In Process needs to be calculated
for accurate period end closing.
Calculate WIP prodn order The system calculates Work In Process (WIP) to determine the costs incurred for
collective – KKAO materials that have not yet been delivered to stock. This calculates the value of the
Accounting → Controlling → Product unfinished goods.
Cost Controlling → Cost Object In Product Cost by Order the work in process is calculated for the Manufacturing
Controlling → Product Cost by Order. The work in process for manufacturing orders is normally calculated at actual
Order → Period-End Closing → costs. Work in process at actual costs is calculated as the difference between the
Single Functions → Work in Process debits for material withdrawals, internal activity allocations, external activities, and
→ Collective Processing → KKAO - overhead costs (that is, the Actual Costs assigned to the object) and the Actual Credits
Calculate from goods receipts for delivery to stock.
The work in process can be transferred to Financial Accounting and Profit Center WIP
= amount if only partial Goods Receipts has been performed.
WIP = 0 if only complete Goods Receipts has been performed.
You want to calculated WIP either when Order is completed or at month end. WIP
must be calculated when order is completed. In this case WIP =0. WIP must also be
calculated at month end even though order is not completed. In this case WIP=amount.
KKAQ Display WIP for CO The system calculates Work In Process (WIP) to determine the costs incurred for
Production Order Coll. materials that have not yet been delivered to stock. This calculates the value of the
unfinished goods.
In Product Cost by Order the work in process is calculated for the Manufacturing
Order. The work in process for manufacturing orders is normally calculated at actual
Accounting → Controlling → Product costs. Work in process at actual costs is calculated as the difference between the
Cost Controlling → Cost Object debits for material withdrawals, internal activity allocations, external activities, and
Controlling → Product Cost by overhead costs (that is, the Actual Costs assigned to the object) and the Actual Credits
Order → Period-End Closing → from goods receipts for delivery to stock.
Single Functions → Work in Process The work in process can be transferred to Financial Accounting and Profit Center WIP
→ Collective Processing → KKAQ - = amount if only partial Goods Receipts has been performed.
Display WIP = 0 if only complete Goods Receipts has been performed.
KKAS Calculate WIP for PCC – The WIP calculation function valuates the unfinished products (work in process).
Individual In the Product Cost by Period component, work in process is valuated at target costs.
The operation quantities confirmed for the manufacturing orders or production versions
Accounting → Controlling → Product (only in repetitive manufacturing) that are not scrap are valuated at target cost in
Cost Controlling → Cost Object accordance with the valuation variant for work in process and scrap.
Controlling → Product Cost by You calculate work in process at target costs for the following objects:
Period → Period-End Closing →
Single Functions: Product Cost • Product cost collectors
Collector → Work in Process → • Production orders with quantity structure assigned to the product cost
Individual Processing → KKAS - collectors
Calculate • Process orders assigned to the product cost collectors
KKAX Calculate WIP Individually- The WIP calculation process valuates the unfinished products (work in process).
KKAX In the Product Cost by Order component, the work in process is valuated at actual costs. Work in
process is the difference between the debit and credit of an order that has not been completely
Accounting → Controlling → Product delivered. This method determines the work in process for each production order by calculating
Cost Controlling → Cost Object the difference between the actual costs incurred and the actual costs settled (that is, the
Controlling → Product Cost by difference between the debits for goods issues, internal activity allocations, external activities,
Order → Period-End Closing → and overhead on the one hand, and the credits for goods receipts on the other). Once the last
Single Functions → Work in Process part of the order lot has been delivered to stock, any remaining work in process must be
canceled so that the order costs can properly be settled to stock.
→ Individual Processing → KKAX -
The status of the order determines whether WIP calculation creates or cancels the work in
Calculate process.
If the order has the status REL (released), the system can calculate work in process.
Once the order receives the status DLV (Delivered) or TECO (Technically completed), the work in
process calculated in a previous period is canceled.
Display WIP for Prod. Order – The system calculates Work In Process (WIP) to determine the costs incurred for
Individual - KKAY materials that have not yet been delivered to stock. This calculates the value of the
Accounting → Controlling → unfinished goods.
Product Cost Controlling → Cost In Product Cost by Order the work in process is calculated for the Manufacturing
Object Controlling → Product Cost Order. The work in process for manufacturing orders is normally calculated at actual
by Order → Period-End Closing → costs. Work in process at actual costs is calculated as the difference between the
Single Functions → Work in debits for material withdrawals, internal activity allocations, external activities, and
Process → Individual Processing → overhead costs (that is, the Actual Costs assigned to the object) and the Actual Credits
KKAY - Display from goods receipts for delivery to stock.
The work in process can be transferred to Financial Accounting and Profit Center WIP
= amount if only partial Goods Receipts has been performed.
WIP = 0 if only complete Goods Receipts has been performed.
Accounting → Controlling → To select data for a drill down report, you must first execute a data collection run. The
Product Cost Controlling → Cost selected dataset is saved. You access this saved dataset when you execute the report.
Object Controlling → Product Cost You can execute the data collection for one plant or for all plants in a controlling area.
by Order → Information System →
Tools → Data Collection → You can also select the summarization time frame. The values in the summarization time
S_ALR_87013099 – For Product frame are re-summarized and any old values are overwritten. Summarized values that
Drill down are outside of the summarization time frame are retained.
• This step should be done before you execute the product drill down report
KKS1 - Collective Processing
Accounting → Controlling → The system compares the control costs with the target costs and assigns the variances
Product Cost Controlling → Cost to variance categories. The variances are assigned to variance categories in the
following sequence:
Object Controlling → Product
Cost by Order → Period-End • Input price variance
Closing → Single Functions → • Resource-usage variance
Variances → • Input quantity variance
• Remaining input variance
• Mixed-price variance
• Output price variance
• Lot size variance
• Remaining variance