Quality Principles are the final

and ultimate approach to the

systematic search for perfect
world: Qualitopia

Based the article Qualitopia, The Quest for Perfection through Quality Management Principles

By Mehmet Zirek

6.Jan.2010,

Acknowledgement: Total Quality Management lecturer Prof. Procopios Papagkikas, EPOKA Universtiy
Tirana for his inspirations and encouragements.
In 1516 Sir Thomas More wrote his satirical work

“Of the Best State of a Republic, and of the

New Island Utopia”

But this was a U-Topia (No place)

more than a Eu-Topia (Good Place)
20 centuries before Sir Thomas More, Athenians had their
Quality Control systems, to inspect for quality of imported
goods, money and measurement systems
Plato, the student of Socrates had written “The Republic” and in his
ideal state he advocated the idea of either “Philosophers” should be
“Kings” or “Rulers” become “Philosophers”
Plato was a teacher/student, mathematician, author, philosopher
and founder of the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher
learning in the western world.
 According to Socrates’ dialogues in Plato’s book, the soul
has three parts, Reason, Spirit and Desire which
correspond to three different kinds of interests, three kinds
of virtues, three kinds of personalities as seen below

SOUL INTEREST CLASS VIRTUE

reason knowledge philosophers wisdom

The most enduring
image of his book spirit honor warriors courage justice
“The Republic”, as an temperan
expression of Plato's desire pleasures commoners
ce
view of life and the
world, is the Allegory
of the Cave.

Divided Line is in black

at right, and
illustrates the levels of
knowledge and reality.
The elements of the
Allegory of the Cave
are in red.
Shapes are taken form : http://www.friesian.com/plato.htm#text-2
These were not only examples of trying to reach perfection. In the
East, a man called Sun Tzu wrote his “Art of War” who inspired
others like Wei Liao Zi

According to Sun Tzu, A general must be also an enlightened Taoist

Master. The book is a Prime example of Taoist Strategy and
therefore has a Spiritiual Dimension different from the Western idea
of Strategy
Wei Liao Zi pictured
above helped Qin Shi
Huang to unify China
for the first time. Qin
Shi became the first
Emperor of China

This was the eastern way of reaching perfection. Wei Liao Zi wrote that:

“One should be always cautious about war but never afraid of one”

Wei’s works over the “Art of War”, applied by the followers, resulted in
unification and long term peace also in Japan and Korea
Seljukian Empire tries to
reach perfection through
education
AD1066-1067 is a very
important period for Seljukian
Empire in history because
Nizam-el-Mulk the famous
Seljukian Vizier opened the
first of a series of Higher
educational institutions named
as “Nizamiyya Medressa” (after
his name) in Bagdat.
These were superior to other
singular educational
institutions until then since
they had a predetermined
organizational and educational
standard related to campus
design, curriculum as well as
legal and financial support.
Ottoman Empire was Almost Global,
Ottoman Sultans ruled over a huge collection of population,
area, for longest in the history: 1299-1923
Ottoman Empire lasted for more than 600 years

Fatih’s (Sultan
A group of Scholars discussing
Mehmed II)
famous scholar
Most sustaining single State ruling over the
Molla Zeyrek
largest areas of the world. This was
resulting from not only the Islamic ideals
forming the foundation of the state but also
from the Roman-Eastern Roman culture
which was adopted successfully by Turks
Diverse Food and Drink Culture Left from Ottoman Era

“The soul comes through

the throat.”
taken from “Eating Habits of the Turks and
their Associated Behaviors” by Dr. Mahmut
Tezcan
http://www.turkish-cuisine.org/english/pages.php?ParentID=2

Turkish Coffee

Barbun

Pagaca

Dolma

Kofte
Dystopia in Literature – Utopian nightmares
Dystopia – Is this concept necessary?
Mirroring concept of “dystopia” meaning “bad - place” describes U-
topias resulting in a different ending.
“Nineteen Eighty Four” by George Orwell and “Brave New World”
by Aldous Huxley were written criticising totalitarian versions of creating
an ideal society through technology and science.
We may also cite Max Weber founder of Social Sciences, with his concept of
“Iron Cage.” Is human rational thinking dangerous in case of overdose?

Utopia Quest without these concepts is like a car with only engine. These
examples of dystopia deserve recognition in the synthesis of a Quality
perfection, that they are the breaks of the vehicle when too much
rational thinking becomes irrational in itself:
How did Quality Start in Western World?

At the Great Exhibition of 1851 at the Crystal

Palace, the concept of ‘interchangeable
parts’ was exhibited. Not appreciated at that
time immediately but implications for future
manufacturing and assembly were enormous.
This enabled “Mass Production” marking
the peak of Industry Revolution and thus
eventually resulted in Quality as we know
today

The principles and knowhow produced by

Armand Feigenbaum, W. Edwards
Deming, Joseph M. Juran, G. Taguchi,
Philip Crosby, Joseph Basalgette and
some other quality “Guru”s have outlined the
road map for the 21st century version of
perfect world:
Qualitopia
Total Quality
Quality Assurance
Quality Control
Quality Inspection

In this image, some of the machinery that mass produced the

Springfield rifle musket is pictured
Harpers Monthly Magazine, September 1861
h p: //www. nps . gov/spar /hi stor ycul tur e/ er a- of -wa t er -powe r .ht m
Juran, a Leader in Search for Perfection

The preface of “Architect of Quality” : The Autobiography of Dr.

Joseph M. Juran, starts with the following words:

“It is late. The year is 2003. and I am ninety eight years old. I have
devoted seventy of those years to the subject of managing for quality.”
http://www.isbnlib.com/preview/0071426108/Architect-of-Quality--The-Autobiography-of-Dr-Joseph-M-Juran

Joseph (leftmost) with

his siblings and mother
when they immigrated
to America from
Romania.
Juran mentions his family
and especially his father’s
and brothers’ influence on
his character and life in his
autobiographical work
“Architect of Quality”
 Juran and Chess, the Game on the Road of Prefection
Juran’s interest in Chess and his becoming chess
champion in the university and later when he worked in
Western Electric Company, shows the perfectionist In July 2002, an ivory piece less
nature of his character. than 2 inches in size was
discovered in Butrint, an ancient
city in southern coast of Albania.
Chess has its own Quality Improvement history, being of The piece is dated to 465 AD. If
this is really a chess piece, then it
an eastern origin (Chaturanga), initial set of pieces and is the oldest chess piece found
rules were not exciting and interesting. The rules anywhere in the world. It even
matured in western world to what we know as FIDE pushes back the date of chess.

(Federation Internationale des Echecs) rules.

The earliest known chess pieces (chatrang) were found at

Mozarabic Chess Set. The four small pieces were made
Afrasaib, near Samarkand in Uzbekistan. seven pieces
of ivory as old as the beginning of the 10th century and
consisting of a king, chariot, vizier, horse, elephant, and 2
preserved in the Mozarabic monastary in Leon, Spain.
soldiers. made of ivory. are dated about 760 AD. A coin, dated
761 was found with the chess pieces.
Modern Chess and it’s Ancient Eastern Companion

Modern Chess is
played according to
FIDE rules with many
of the initial pieces
changed or redesigned
to make the game most
well-known and played
board game of the world

h p: //www. theches sstor e. com/ cat egor y/110_chess_s et s_wi th_boar ds . 300_t heme _ches s_s et s/

Game of Go, another abstract

strategy game with even simpler
rules, but more combinatory depth,
should have attracted Juran’s
interest if he had got to know it in
Japan. Go is the oldest game not
changed its original form and rules.
Joseph M. Juran Defined Quality

Juran was awarded by Japanese Emperor, the

highest award that can be given to a non-
Japanese person:

“The Order of the Sacred Treasure”

http://www.scribd.com/doc/43522400/juran

Joseph M. Juran Center’s Role

Juran Center supports achieving Dr. Juran’s vision for a Century of

Quality by supporting three principal efforts:

• Constantly advance the core body of knowledge that underpins

continuous advances in quality.
• Adapt and revise that knowledge so that leaders in every field can
learn quality leadership.
• Help today’s institutions educate and develop the millions of new
quality leaders that are required both to preserve today’s quality
advantages and to ensure that new quality advantages grow
exponentially.

http://www.csom.umn.edu/cms/page5325.aspx
Juran’s Contributions to the Field of Quality
Pareto Principle
Juran Created the “Pareto Principle” (perhaps
inaccurately attributed to Pareto since Italian
Economist Pareto’s 80-20 rule was not related to
management theory but to Economy) helping
managers separate “Vital Few” from the
“Useful/Trivial Many”
Juran’s Trilogy
Published in 1986, Quality Management is
composed of three managerial processes:
Quality planning, Quality Control and Quality
Improvement
Management Theory
Initally the principal focus in Quality Management
was on the end quality, i.e. that of the finished or
end product.
Juran is credited for adding the human dimension
to quality management
He advocated training of managers and hisvision
of quality management encompassed non-
manufacturing processes such as customer
services
Quality by Design
Juran believed that quality could be planned. and
that most quality crises and problems relate to
the way in which quality was planned in the first
place

http://www.juran.com/downloads/TheQualityTrilogy.pdf
Juran’s 12 Ideas for Quality

Continuous improvement and learning - For both individual and organization

Ethics and responsibility - Another idea ahead of his time

External focus - Everyone in the company should focus on Customers

Fact-based decisions - Effective decisions are based on data analysis and information

Fast response – Time improvements drive others of cost productivity etc.

Involvement of people –Quality improvements rely on individuals and teams

Long-range view of the future - Long-term consistency shouldn’t be sacrificed to expediency.

Prevention orientation - Always less costly to prevent a problem than to correct it

Results orientation - Balanced and integrated results that pay attention to all stakeholders

Systems approach - Understanding multiple causes of important problems requires a systems view

Waste reduction - Reducing waste can improve quality (inspired Lean Management)

Visionary leadership - Leaders must live the vision and values, set high standards
Deming the Proud Warrior of Quality
W.Edwards Deming (October 14, 1900 – December 20, 1993) was widely credited for
improving production in the United States during the Cold War, although he is perhaps
best known for his work in Japan. The resistance to change from old fashined
American management teams, caused Deming to look for perfection and use his
teachings at thousands of miles away from home.
He was immediately endorsed by the Japanese industry which was already powerful in
production capacity but had a bad reputation of low quality. He was known in Japan
(and elsewhere) for his kindness to and consideration for those he worked with, for his
robust, if very subtle, humor, and for his interest in music.
This hardworking and productive man gained the respect of his Japanese colleagues
and pupils, running the NBC show “If Japan can why can’t we” based on his workings in
Japan. In 1981 Ford Motor Company (FMC) asked for his help to go out of crisis.
Deming accepted this task and successfully achieved to make FMC a profitable
company in less than 5 years. Deming died in December 20, 1993, unfortunate for the
world not to have such value to go out of the 2008 crisis

Left: Dr. Deming holding his

daughter, Dorothy,
December 1932

Dr. Deming, in Tokyo

with Ron Moen, Nancy
Mann, Diana Deming
Cahill, November 1982
Recognition after Japanese Miracle
Deming’s Prize In appreciation for the series of lectures and seminars in Japan
JUSE (Japanese Union of Scientists and Engineers) created a
prize to commemorate Dr. Deming's contribution and friendship
and to promote the continued development of quality control in
Japan. The prize was established in 1950 and annual awards are
still given each year.

Organizations receiving the Country Prizes

Deming’s Prize since 2000
India 15
by country (prior to that
almost all winners were from Thailand 9
Japan) Japan 5
USA 1
http://deming.org/index.cfm?content=73
Singapore 1

Recognition for Deming was not limited to his new

country, Japan who endorsed him and made most out of
his genius, but US, Deming’s home country where he
was left aside before, recognized him after the miracle he
created in Japan

Taken from the website: under the menu “The Man” at the section “The Media Gallery”
http://deming.org/index.cfm?content=61
Deming’s 14 Principles

1 - Create a constancy of purpose - constantly improve design of product and service

2 -Adopt the new philosophy -stop looking at the competitor and look at the customer instead
3 -Cease dependence on inspection- Quality does not come from inspection inspection should be
used to collect data
4 -Do not award business based on price tag alone- Focus on Total cost of ownership establish a
mutual confidence
5 -Improve constantly the system of production and service- Continue to reduce waste and
improve; putting out fires is not improvement of the process
6 -Institute training- Management must remove the inhibitors to good work, needs an appreciation
of variation; this is management's new role.
7-Adopt and institute leadership- Apply Management By Objectives; implement work standards,
meet specifications, start a zero defects program, replace appraisal of performance with leadership.
8 -Drive out fear- Stop performance appraisals and management by fear or numbers
9 -Break barriers among staff areas- Know the concept of internal customers, promote team work
10 -Eliminate slogans, exhortations, and targets- Use posters that explain what management is
doing to improve the work environment
11 - Eliminate numerical quotas- They reduce productivity. A person's job becomes meeting a quota
12 -Remove barriers- Stop performance appraisal systems, production rates and allow people to take
pride in their workmanship
13 - Institute a program of education and self-improvement- Develop team building skills
14 -Take action to accomplish the transformation- include people of “the change” and learn and
use the “Shewhart cycle”
Dr. Deming’s version of this cycle contains in the same order Plan, Do,
Check, Act with “Check” replacing “Study” is known as Deming Cycle.

http://maaw.info/ArtSumDeming93.htm
 Social Waves and a Proposed Model for Some Projections
Social Industry The impact analysis of social waves as described by Alvin Toffler in
20 years
Impact his work “The Third Wave”
Agriculture
can be graphed as wave function of a sinusoidal wave in a non-
Nomad life
Information uniform medium with loss. Where horizontal axis is time vertical
Quality axis as impact on the society. The down turns result from big wars
and disasters on the world. If this function is used as a basis for
estimate, we can predict two features of the coming wave,
•The time between Information age and the new wave will be
closer than 20 years (each wave taking less time to come)
•The impact on the society and down and upturns will have less
impact (the first waves resulted in big wars like Crusades (end of
agricultural era), First and Second World war (End of
Time Industrial revolution) , Financial Crisis (end of Information
age)
Based on this model and observations on the society, we have a vision that first
20 years of 21st Century will be the Quality Standardization era.

Universal society will stabilize itself into the ideal state with the sustainable,
environment, high quality standards and fairplay in the business and economics.

Quality Standards will be unified by using the third wave (Information) technology
and locally implemented using the fourth wave (Quality) management systems to
form Qualitopia

This will be the realization of human dream of Plato, Lao Tse, More, Von
Neumann, Juran, Deming and many others.