Introduction to Electrical

Installation
Mohamad Taib bin Miskon
 Content
• Basic concepts of electrical power, earthing,
distribution systems and wiring - taib
• Basic terms/function : DFB,MCCB,MCB,RCCB,Main
switch plug, socket, fius etc. -taib
• Safety, do and don’ts.. -taib
• Wiring diagram for a lighting circuit. - shahran
• The wiring of a one-way and two-way switch
controlling lamp A and B - shahran
• The inspection and testing method for a wiring circuit -
shahran
 Introduction to electrical terms
Basic terms/components :
• Incoming/Fuse
• DB/DFB
• Main Switch/MCCB/Switchfuse
• RCD/RCCB/ELCB
• MCB
• Plug top/ socket outlet
• Extension socket
 Incoming

Single Phase Three Phase

Incoming
Distribution Board(DB)
 Distribution Board(DB) – cont.
RCD – Residual Current Device
Or
RCCD – Residual Current Circuit Breaker
Or
ELCB – Earth leakage Circuit Breaker
Incomer – can be switchfuse or
main fuse or MCCB MCB – Miniature Circuit Breaker
Distribution Board(DB)

Single Phase Three Phase

Incomer – Switchfuse

• To protect and isolate

circuit against
overloads and short
circuit.
• Use in domestic,
commercial and light
industrial installations
Incomer – Moulded Case Circuit
breaker (MCCB)

• To protect conductors
against overloads and
short circuits currents
in electrical distribution
systems.
 RCD – Residual Current Device
RCCB – Residual Current operated Circuit Breaker
ELCB – Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker
• To open a circuit
automatically in the
event of an earth
leakage between phase
and earth and/or neutral
and earth. With effective
protection against
human contact to earth
points.
MCB – Miniature Circuit Breaker

• To protect conductors
against overloads and
short circuits current in
the electrical
distribution system
Socket Outlet

• An electric
plug connects
mechanically to a
matching socket
• Commonly have 16A
socket and 13A socket
Plug Top
Final Circuit
 Loads
40watt

300watt

70watt

500watt 100watt
 Load distribution at home

Berapa
6Amps
banyak??
40watt 40watt 40watt 40watt
 Load distribution at home

100watt
80watt

70watt

16Amps
+

Berapa
banyak?? 100watt
Some simple jobs you can do yourself

1 changing an electric light bulb

2 changing the starter in a fluorescent light

fitting

3 replacing a fuse

4 resetting a circuit breaker or safety switch

Dangerous Work and Condition
Burnt
out Damaged switch
plug
top.

Improper connection
Burnt
out life
wire
Safety tips at home
Safety tips at home
Safety tips at home
Safety tips at home
Pastikan tiada kelengkapan lain yang berkuasa
tinggi seperti cerek elektrik dan sebagainya
menggunakan soket alir keluar yang sama.

Elakkan membaiki wayar yang telah pecah atau

terkoyak, gantikan je dengan yang baru

Jangan sambungkan kepada banyak

kelengkapan sehingga melampaui beban yang
ditetapkan. Ini akan menyebabkan wayar
tersebut menjadi panas dan ia boleh
menyebabkan kebakaran

Kod sambungan direkabentuk hanya untuk

pendawaian sementara sila pasang soket alir
keluar yang baru untuk penggunaan kekal.
 Energy savings tips

Improve your power factor

Install capacitors (KVAR Generators)

Capacitor
Corrector

Avoid operating equipment above its rated voltage.

Replace standard motors as they burn out with energy
efficient motors
 Energy savings tips
Schedule operating equipment during off-peak hours
During peak hours (8.00 a.m. to 10.00 p.m.), TNB has to generate a higher
amount of electricity to meet the demands of our usual work day. As the
day progresses, more electricity is required, so more power plants are fired
up to generate more supply.

During off-peak hours when most of us are asleep, TNB generates less
electricity, but most of the time this supply is not used to its fullest.
By re-scheduling your operations to run heavy equipment during off-peak
hours, you will reduce the amount of electricity required during the day,
and making the most of electricity generated at night. Fewer power plants
will need to be turned on, which is good for the environment.

With TNB's Off-Peak Tariff Rider (OPTR) scheme, you can also enjoy up to
20% savings for electricity usage during off-peak hours.
 Energy savings tips
Going somewhere? Turn off your computers and
home equipment
Turn off your computers or set workstations to hibernate mode. Turn
off printers, monitors and any other office equipment when not in use,
especially overnight and on weekends

Turn off all the office and building lights at the end of the day to enjoy
big energy savings

Remind others to turn out the lights and turn off equipment when they
leave
Did you know?
Laptops use up to 80 percent LESS energy than a standard desktop
computer!
 Energy savings tips

Air conditioning - Cool, or Freezing?

Raising the temperature settings by 1°C can visibly affect your total
electricity bill at the end of the month, and probably without anyone
even noticing the difference.

While wearing sensible work attire, a cool 24-26°C should be enough

to keep everyone comfortable in the office, and mean significant
savings in electricity.
Terima kasih..
soalan??
• Tnb taarif