Chapter 19 Question

New Biology – a modern approach 3
Chapter 19: Homeostasis

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Structured Questions
Core Section
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STS Connections
Ben participated in a long-distance race. His body temperature rose as he started to run.
(i) Explain the rise in body temperature. (3 marks)
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(ii) Describe and explain how the following parts help keep the body temperature normal during the race.
(1) the sweat glands (3 marks)
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(2) the blood vessels in the skin (3 marks)
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(i) As the rate of activity was increased, (1 mark)
he consumed much more oxygen (1 mark)
for oxidising glucose to release much heat. (1 mark)
(ii) (1) The sweat glands become more active to secrete much sweat. (2 marks)
As sweat evaporates, it helps release heat to cool down the body. (1 mark)
(2) The blood vessels dilate to carry much heat from the body tissue to the skin surface. (2 marks)
Heat is lost through conduction or convection. (1 mark)
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(9 marks)##
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Kelvin and Kenny are twins. Both of them are healthy and have similar metabolic rates. They were asked to
stay in two different small rooms for 6 hours. The rooms had the same environmental conditions except the
one Kelvin stayed in was drier. Exercise was not allowed before and during the experiment. Eating and
drinking were not allowed, either. Each of them just sat on a chair. They did not have urination and
defaecation during the experimental period.
(i) Which one, Kelvin or Kenny, had a higher rate of water loss throughout the experiment? Explain.
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© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2007 156
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(2 marks)
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(ii) Suggest TWO ways by which the twins lost water during the experimental period. (2 marks)
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(iii) If the twins had performed vigorous exercise during the experiment, explain why water loss from the
body would have increased. (5 marks)
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##
(i) Kelvin. (1 mark)
The rate of water loss by evaporation was faster in a drier room. (1 mark)
(ii) sweating (1 mark)
expiration (1 mark)
(iii) During vigorous exercise, a lot of heat would have been generated (1 mark)
by the vigorous contraction of the skeletal muscles,
resulting in an increase in the body temperature. (1 mark)
This in turn would have stimulated an increased water loss by more
sweat production / sweating. (1 mark)
During vigorous exercise, the rate and depth of breath would have increased. (1 mark)
A larger amount of air was expired from the body per unit time, (1 mark)
causing more water loss by expiration.
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(9 marks)##
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A man was doing vigorous exercise on a very hot and sunny day. He sweated heavily.
The nervous pathway activated in the man is shown below.
A rise in skin temperature A rise in body temperature
Heat receptors in skin Heat receptors in the brain
Temperature-regulatory centre in the brain
Sweat gland
(response Y)
(i) Explain the rise in skin temperature with reference to the external temperature. (4 marks)
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(ii) Explain the rise in body temperature with reference to exercise. (2 marks)
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(iii) X is a neurone directly connected to the sweat gland. Name X and state the response Y effected by the
gland. (2 marks)
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(iv) Explain how the response Y could help to increase heat loss. (2 marks)
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##
(i) On a hot and sunny day, the external temperature was higher
than the skin temperature. (1 mark)
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Therefore, the skin absorbed heat from the surroundings (1 mark)
by conduction, convection and radiation. (1 mark)
The heat gain was larger than heat loss by sweating, so the skin temperature rose. (1 mark)
(ii) During vigorous exercise, a large amount of heat was generated (1 mark)
by the vigorous contraction of the skeletal muscle. (1 mark)
(iii) X: motor neurone (1 mark)
Response Y: production of more sweats (1 mark)
(iv) More heat was lost via evaporation of more sweats (1 mark)
which absorbed more heat from the skin. (1 mark)
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(10 marks)##
|!|EQA01900004|!|
The following flowchart shows the various nervous pathways in a person when the surrounding temperature
decreases:
Drop in the surrounding temperature
Drop in skin temperature
Heat receptors in skin Drop in body temperature
Heat receptors in the brain
Te mperature -regulatory centre in the brain

1 6
2 3 4 5
Skeletal Endocrine Arterioles Sweat Erector D

muscle glands gland muscle
A Release of B C Contraction to
hormones erect hair for
trapping more air
Release Increase in Decrease in Sensation and

of heat metabolic rate heat loss voluntary responses
(i) Skeletal muscle liberates heat by carrying out response A which is involuntary. Name the response and
explain why it can help to release heat. (2 marks)
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(ii) State and explain how the responses B and C result in a decrease in heat loss. (4 marks)
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(iii) Pathways 3, 4 and 5 serve the purpose of conserving heat better when the surrounding temperature
decreases. State the purpose served by pathways 1 and 2. (1 mark)
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(iv) Pathway 6 results in sensation and voluntary responses carried out by part D in the body.
(1) Name part D. (1 mark)
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(2) State TWO voluntary responses that a person can produce to reduce heat loss. (2 marks)
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##
(i) Shivering. (1 mark)
The contraction of skeletal muscle can release heat. (1 mark)
(ii) The arterioles constrict so that less blood flows to the skin surface, (1 mark)
reducing heat lost to the surroundings by conduction, convection and radiation. (1 mark)
Sweat gland produces less / no sweat, (1 mark)
minimising heat loss through the evaporation of sweat. (1 mark)
(iii) To produce more heat. (1 mark)
(iv) (1) cerebral cortex / cerebrum (1 mark)
(2) curling up (1 mark)
wearing more clothes (1 mark)
(any acceptable answers)
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(10 marks)##
|!|EQA01900005|!|
The following diagram shows a section of a human skin:
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2
3
(i) Name structure 1 and state how it can facilitate heat loss under hot conditions. (4 marks)
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(ii) Sweating taking place in structure 2 results in water loss. In plants, water is lost from the surfaces by
transpiration.
(1) Give ONE similarity between sweating and transpiration with reference to their functions in the
respective organisms. (1 mark)
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(2) With reference to excretion, state the difference between the two processes. (2 marks)
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(iii) Name the major chemical component in tissue 3. (1 mark)
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##
(i) blood capillary (1 mark)
As a result of dilation of arterioles, more blood flows through structure 1 (1 mark)
which provides a large surface area in the skin surface (1 mark)
for dissipating more heat by conduction, convection and radiation. (1 mark)
(ii) (1) Both processes can provide a cooling effect in the organisms. (1 mark)
(2) Sweating involves the removal of urea and mineral salts (1 mark)
while transpiration does not involve the removal of metabolic wastes. (1 mark)
(iii) fat / lipid (1 mark)
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(8 marks)##
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* The following diagram shows a vertical section through the human skin:
(i) Name the structures labelled from A to H. (4 marks)

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(ii) According to the diagram only, describe how the skin can help in regulating our body temperature
(1) when we feel chilly. (4 marks)
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(2) when we feel hot. (3 marks)
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(iii) (1) Name the secretion of E. (1 mark)
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(2) What is the function of this secretion? (1 mark)
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(iv) State the biological process which would cause the rise of body temperature. (1 mark)
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(v) Give THREE ways in which the skin acts as a protective organ. (3 marks)
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(vi) State, using the letters in the diagram,
(1) the parts which indicate that this skin belongs to a mammal. (2 marks)
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(2) the part which is larger in women than in men. (1 mark)
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##
(i) A - epidermis
B - dermis
C - subcutaneous fat
D - erector muscle
E - sebaceous gland
F - nerve fibre
G - hair follicle
H - sweat gland (1/2 mark each) (4 marks)
(ii) (1) The contraction of erector muscle results in erection of the hair. (2 marks)
A thick layer of air is trapped to enable better insulation of heat. (1 mark)
Constriction of arterioles can reduce heat dissipation. (1 mark)
(2) More sweat is secreted by the sweat gland. (1 mark)
The evaporation of sweat takes away heat from the skin surface. (1 mark)
The arterioles dilate so as to allow faster heat dissipation. (1 mark)
(iii) (1) sebum (1 mark)
(2) It waterproofs both hair and skin/prevents the entry of germs. (1 mark)
(iv) respiration (1 mark)
(v) It prevents water loss.
It protects the body from germs.
It stops harmful ultraviolet rays from getting into the body.
It prevents mechanical injury. (any three) (3 marks)
(vi) (1) E, H (2 or 0 marks)
(2) C (1 mark)
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(20 marks)##
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The graph below shows the variations of oxygen consumption of a mouse and a frog in response to an
increase in the external temperature:
(i) (1) Which curve represents oxygen consumption of the mouse? (1 mark)
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(2) Suggest reasons to support your answer in (1). (2 marks)
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(3) Explain why the mouse is called a homoiothermic animal. (2 marks)
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(ii) If the mouse was fastened so that it could not move about and then put into an insulated container
with the temperature gradually lowered from 25℃ to 15℃, would the oxygen consumption of the
mouse increase or decrease? Why? (2 marks)
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(iii) How does a mouse manage to maintain its body temperature when the surrounding temperature is
only 5℃? (4 marks)
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(i) (1) Curve A belongs to the mouse. (1 mark)
(2) The mouse is a homoiotherm. At low temperatures the mouse generates more heat to maintain
normal body temperature. Oxygen consumption increases for the increase of metabolic rate.
(2 marks)
(3) The mouse is a homoiothermic animal because it can keep its body temperature constant despite
fluctuations in the environmental temperature. (2 marks)
(ii) The oxygen consumption by the mouse would increase as the mouse would release more energy to
regulate its body temperature by shivering. (2 marks)
(iii) - increase heat production by shivering and increasing the rate of metabolic activities. (1 mark)
- reduce heat loss by vasoconstriction, reducing sweating and erection of hairs. (3 marks)
_________
(11 marks)##
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Extension Section
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Cindy recorded her daily water gains and losses as listed in the table below:
Water gain Volume/cm3 Water loss Volume/cm3
Drink 1600 Urine 1450
Food 900 Faeces 100
Water released in chemical 350 Expired air 450
reactions Sweat _________
Total 2850 Total 2850
(i) Find out the volume of sweat. (1 mark)
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(ii) Name the ORGAN which carries out the following function:
(1) Losing water in expired air. (1 mark)
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(2) Forming urine. (1 mark)
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(3) Reabsorbing water to form faeces. (1 mark)
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(4) Losing water in perspiration. (1 mark)
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(iii) On a hot and sunny day, Cindy drank in 2850 cm3 of water. State and explain the result in the
volume of urine formed. (3 marks)
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(iv) State a term used to describe the balance between water loss and water gain. (1 mark)
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##
(i) 850 cm3 (1 mark)
(ii) (1) lung (1 mark)
(2) kidney (1 mark)
(3) colon (1 mark)
(4) skin (1 mark)
(iii) Less urine would be formed (1 mark)
because most of the water taken in would be lost in perspiration (1 mark)
to reduce the body temperature. (1 mark)
(iv) homeostasis (1 mark)
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(9 marks)##
|!|EQA01900009|!|
In the class to study the formation of urine, Ivan got a diagram and a table shown below:
Substances In Bowman’s capsule Urine

Water 160 L 1.5 L
Salts 1000 g 20 g
Glucose 180 g 0g
Urea 38 g 21 g
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(i) Find out the mass of filtered salts which are reabsorbed each day from the nephron. (1 mark)
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(ii) (1) Calculate the concentration of urea (correct to 2 decimal places)
(a) in the filtrate. (1 mark)
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(b) in the urine. (1 mark)
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(2) State and explain the differences between the two concentrations. (3 marks)
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(iii) State and explain a difference in the urine concentration between a desert animal and a polar animal in
their natural habitats. Assume that both take in an equal amount of water. (3 marks)
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(i) 1000 – 20 = 980g (1 mark)
(ii) (1) (a) 38/160 = 0.24 g/L (1 mark)
(b) 21/1.5 = 14 g/L (1 mark)
(2) The urine contains a higher concentration of urea (1 mark)
because much of the water in the filtrate would be reabsorbed. (1 mark)
50% of urea, a waste, is not reabsorbed and flows along the collecting duct. (1 mark)
(iii) The desert animal excretes more concentrated urine than the polar animal (1 mark)
because much of the water taken in would be used in perspiration. (1 mark)
Only a small amount of water is excreted in the urine. (1 mark)
_________
(9 marks)##
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|!|EQB01900010|!|
* Erica examined a photomicrograph of the cross section of a proximal convoluted tubule and an adjacent
capillary:
nucleus
capillary
proximal mitochondrion
convoluted
tubules
Enlarged cells of proximal
convoluted tubule
(i) Name TWO organic compounds that can be reabsorbed to the capillary. (2 marks)
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(ii) Name two processes involved in the reabsorption. (2 marks)
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(iii) With reference to the diagram, state and explain two structural features of the epithelial cells which
help reabsorption of the substances named in (i).
(1) Feature: (1 mark)
Explanation: _________________________________________________ (1 mark)
(2) Feature: (1 mark)
Explanation: _________________________________________________ (1 mark)
(iv) Name the fluid found in the tubule. (1 mark)
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##
(i) amino acids and glucose (2 marks)
(ii) diffusion and active transport (2 marks)
(iii) (1) Feature: presence of microvilli on the surface (1 mark)
Explanation: to increase surface area for absorption (1 mark)
(2) Feature: presence of many mitochondria (1 mark)
Explanation: to provide a larger amount of energy for active transport (1 mark)
(iv) glomerular filtrate (1 mark)
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(9 marks)##
|!|EQA01900011|!|
Jimmy and his nine classmates participated in a study to investigate the effect of meal and exercise on the
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blood levels of insulin and glucose. All of the ten students showed normal blood glucose levels.
160
Blood glucose (mg/100cm3 of blood)
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0 Time (hour)
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Exercise
First meal Second meal
45
40
Blood insulin (μg/100cm3 of blood)
35
30
25
20
15
10
0 Time (hour)
0 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Exercise
First meal Second meal
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(i) Explain the rise in blood glucose in the first half hour after a meal. (2 marks)
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(ii) Explain the need for a higher level of glucose in blood during exercise. (2 marks)
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(iii) State the fate of blood glucose in a human with a higher blood level of insulin. (2 marks)
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(iv) Name the organ that secretes insulin. (1 mark)
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(v) Explain why it is good to take the average for a group of students rather than a single pupil.
(2 marks)
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##
(i) Carbohydrate in food is digested to glucose (1 mark)
ready for absorption by capillaries in the gut. (1 mark)
(ii) Blood glucose would be used in respiration (1 mark)
to release enough energy for exercise. (1 mark)
(iii) Blood glucose would be converted to glycogen (1 mark)
which is stored in the liver. (1 mark)
(iv) pancreas (1 mark)
(v) To avoid any extreme cases/ fluctuations due to a single pupil. (1 mark)
Taking average makes the result more reliable. (1 mark)
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(9 marks)##
|!|EQA01900012|!|
The following diagram shows part of the human urinary system:
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(i) Name A and B. Explain which one, A or B, contains a lower concentration of urea. (4 marks)
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(ii) Name the food molecules from which urea is formed. State also the organ responsible for urea
formation. (2 marks)
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(iii) The fluid collected from C does not contain glucose and proteins. Explain. (2 marks)
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(iv) D can change its size according to the physiological needs. State ONE situation in which D increases in
size and another situation in which it decreases its size. (2 marks)
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##
(i) A: renal vein (1 mark)
B: aorta (1 mark)
A contains a lower concentration of urea (1 mark)
because some urea is excreted by the kidney. (1 mark)
(ii) excess amino acids (1 mark)
liver (1 mark)
(iii) Glucose in the glomerular filtrate is actively reabsorbed back into the blood. (1 mark)
Proteins in the blood are too large to pass through the walls of the capillaries and the Bowman’s
capsule. (1 mark)
(iv) D increases its size during temporary storage of urine (1 mark)
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while it decreases in size during discharge of urine / urination (1 mark)
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(10 marks)##
|!|EQA01900013|!|
The following flowchart shows the metabolism of proteins and the associated nitrogenous compounds in a
liver cell:
4
Ammonia (NH3) Urea
Proteins Carbon dioxide

2 3
1
Amino acids
(i) Apart from enzymes and proteins themselves, state the molecule involved in the breakdown of
proteins into amino acids (process 1). (1 mark)
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(ii) The synthesis of proteins (process 2) is under the control of a non-protein molecule. Name the non-
protein molecule and state how the molecule controls the types of proteins produced.
(2 marks)
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(iii) Amino acids are deaminated to form ammonia which is inorganic (process 3). State how the liver cell
can utilise this process to release energy from amino acids. (3 marks)
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(iv) With reference to process 4,
(1) State the source of carbon dioxide. (1 mark)
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(2) Describe the events that lead to removal of urea in the kidneys after its formation in the liver.
(Names of blood vessels are NOT required.) (4 marks)
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(i) water (1 mark)
(ii) deoxyribonucleic acid / DNA (1 mark)
It determines the sequence of amino acids in proteins. (1 mark)
(iii) The organic components after deamination are carbohydrates (1 mark)
which are broken down to release energy by respiration (1 mark)
in the mitochondria. (1 mark)
(iv) (1) It comes from respiration. (1 mark)
(2) Urea diffuses from the liver cells into the blood. (1 mark)
It travels to the kidneys where it is filtered out into the
glomerular filtrate in the kidney tubules by ultrafiltration. (1 mark)
Some of the urea diffuses back into the blood,
and the rest remains in the tubules. (1 mark)
Water, excess salts and urea form the urine which moves out of the kidneys. (1 mark)
__________
(11 marks)##
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|!|EQB01900014|!|
* The diagram below shows a nephron:
A B
Space of the
Bowman’s capsule
(i) Ultrafiltration occurs in A.

(1) Describe and explain this process. (4 marks)
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(2) Give TWO similarities between ultrafiltration and tissue fluid formation. (2 marks)
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(ii) B represents the first convoluted tubule, loop of Henle and the second convoluted tubule.
Sketch a graph to show the changes in glucose concentration along A, B and C in a normal individual.
(3 marks)
Glucose
concentration
(arbitrary unit)
A B C
The change in glucose concentration along A, B and C
(iii) Explain why the urea concentration increases from B to C. (2 marks)
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##
(i) (1) Some of the plasma except large proteins in A (1 mark)
(OR some of the blood except large proteins, platelets and red blood cells)
is filtered out across the walls of A and the Bowman’s capsule (1 mark)
into the capsular space.
This is because the pressure in A is higher than that in the capsular space (1 mark)
due to the greater diameter of the afferent arteriole
than that of the efferent arteriole. (1 mark)
(2) Any two of the following: (2 marks)
- Involvement of a difference in pressure between the glomerulus and space of the Bowman’s
capsule, and between the blood and tissue fluid.
- Involvement of blood capillary wall as a barrier for filtration.
- Large plasma proteins / red blood cells / platelets are not filtered out.
(any acceptable answers)
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(ii)
Glucose
concentration
(arbitrary unit)
A B C
The change in glucose concentration along A, B and C

Correct sketching in A (1 mark)
Correct sketching in B (1 mark)
Correct sketching in C (1 mark)
(iii) Some of the urea and water are reabsorbed into the blood, (1 mark)
but the proportion of water reabsorbed is relatively greater than that of urea, (1 mark)
leading to an increase in urea concentration.
(increase in urea concentration due to reabsorption of water: 1 mark only)
_________
(11 marks)##
|!|EQA01900015|!|
Below are 2 diagrams showing the transverse sections of a part of a kidney tubule associated with a blood
capillary (A) and a villus of the ileum (B):
(Note: The two diagrams are NOT drawn to the same scale.)
blood capillary
kidney tubule (A) epithelial cells (B)
(i) Name structure Y and state the food substance absorbed into it. (2 marks)
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(ii) With reference to the diagrams, state TWO structural similarities between the kidney tubule and the
villus. (2 marks)
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(iii) Glucose is actively transported from the lumen of the kidney tubule during reabsorption and from the
lumen of the intestine during absorption.
(1) State the mechanism of glucose reabsorption / absorption in the kidney tubule and the villus. (1
mark)
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(2) Explain how the active reabsorption / absorption of glucose can bring about the passive movement
of water molecules. (3 marks)
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(iv) State ONE cellular feature of the epithelial cells adapted to active transport during reabsoption /
absorption. (1 mark)
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##
(i) lacteal (1 mark)
fat (1 mark)
(ii) Any two of the following: (2 marks)
- They are supplied with blood capillaries.
- The respective epithelial cells possess microvilli / tiny outgrowths / projections.
- They are one-cell thick.
(iii) (1) diffusion / active transport (1 mark)
(2) The active transport of glucose results in an increase in the water potential (1 mark)
of the glomerular filtrate / tubular fluid and the intestinal fluid,
so water in the lumen moves across the epithelial cells into the blood capillaries (1 mark)
by osmosis. (1 mark)
(iv) They have abundant mitochondria for carrying out active transport. (1 mark)
__________
(9 marks)##
|!|EQA01900016|!|
The following flowchart shows the metabolism of glucose in a liver cell:
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Proteins Glycogen
Amino acids Glycerol

Glucose
Three-carbon
intermediate Fatty acids
Carbon dioxide and water
(i) The breakdown and formation of glycogen are controlled by two hormones in blood.
(1) Name the two hormones. (2 marks)
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(2) State the site of their production. (1 mark)
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(ii) When amino acids are converted into glucose, a nitrogen-containing part is removed. State the fate of
the nitrogen-containing part. (3 marks)
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(iii) When glucose level drops e.g. during fasting, lipids in the adipose tissue are hydrolyzed by a hormone-
sensitive lipase into fatty acids and glycerol which are then transported to the liver for consumption.
(1) The lipase is sensitive to the two hormones mentioned in (i). State the relative amounts of these two
hormones that can activate the lipase. (1 mark)
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(2) During fasting, glycerol is usually converted to glucose which is exported into the blood, while
fatty acids are broken down to carbon dioxide and water in the mitochondria. State the importance
of this phenomenon. (2 marks)
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(iv) If one mole of glucose is broken down to carbon dioxide and water, how many moles of the three-
carbon intermediate will be formed during the process? (Note: No carbon dioxide is liberated during
the conversion of glucose into the intermediate.) (1 mark)
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##
(i) (1) insulin (1 mark)
glucagon (1 mark)
(2) pancreas (1 mark)
(ii) It is converted into urea (1 mark)
which diffuses out of the liver cell into the blood (1 mark)
and travels to the kidney where it is excreted. (1 mark)
(iii) (1) An increase in glucagon and a decrease in insulin in blood /
a rise in the blood glucagon: insulin ratio (1 mark)
(2) To maintain a constant blood glucose level (1 mark)
and provide energy for the functioning of the cell without breaking down glucose. (1 mark)
(iv) two (1 mark)
__________
(10 marks)##
|!|EQA01900017|!|
The following flowchart shows the fate of glucose in a diabetic after ingestion:
Glucose in the alimentary canal
Glucose in the liver
Glucose in the kidneys
Glucose in the urine
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
(i) Glucose is absorbed in the small intestine into the blood where it enters the liver.
(1) State ONE mechanism by which glucose is absorbed. (1 mark)
_______________________________________________________________________________
(2) Name the blood vessel carrying glucose to the liver. (1 mark)
_______________________________________________________________________________
(ii) State ONE process that glucose is used in the liver. (1 mark)
_______________________________________________________________________________
(iii) Using a flowchart, show the route through which glucose is transported to the kidneys from the liver.
Indicate only the major blood vessels and organs involved. (3 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
(iv) Explain why glucose appears in the urine of a diabetic who fails to produce enough insulin from his
pancreas. (4 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
##
(i) (1) diffusion / active transport (1 mark)
(2) hepatic portal vein (1 mark)
(ii) respiration (1 mark)
(No mark for conversion into glycogen.)
(iii) Liver → Hepatic vein → Vena Cava → Heart → Pulmonary artery → Lungs →
Pulmonary vein → Heart →Aorta → Renal artery → Kidneys (3 marks)
(Deduct 0.5 mark for each mistake)
(iv) The liver cannot convert excess glucose into glycogen for storage. (1 mark)
The blood glucose level therefore stays high. (1 mark)
When blood enters the glomerulus of the kidneys, a high concentration of glucose
is present in the glomerular filtrate. (1 mark)
This high concentration of glucose exceeds the reabsorption capability
of the kidney tubules. (1 mark)
Glucose thus appears in the urine.
_________
(10 marks)##
|!|EQA01900018|!|
The table below shows the result of an experiment on the measurement of blood glucose levels of two men, A
and B, after eating the same quantity of starchy food:
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
Time after eating (hours) Blood glucose level (mg/100cm3)
A B
0 80 160
1
/2 105 250
1 155 300
11/2 125 290
2 78 275
21/2 75 240
3 80 210
(i) Using the above data, plot a graph showing the changes in blood glucose level with time for each of
the two men. (4 marks)
(ii) Briefly explain why the blood glucose level rose after eating the starchy food. (2 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
(iii) Three hours after eating the starchy food, the urine samples of these two men were collected and
tested with Benedict's solution. (The mixtures were then heated.) What changes would be observed?
Explain your answer. (6 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
(iv) What was the fate of the absorbed glucose in A? (2 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
(v) What kind of disease does B have? What is the possible cause of this disease? (2 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
##
(i)
A graph showing the change in blood glucose level within

three hours
350
Blood glucose level (mg/100 ml)
300
250 B
200
150
A
100
50
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
Time after eating (hours)
Correct choice of labeled axes and title (1 mark)

Correct plotting of points (2 marks)
Joining of points to form smooth curves (1 mark)
(ii) The starchy food was digested into glucose by digestive enzymes in the gut. (1 mark)
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
The glucose was absorbed into the blood. (1 mark)
(iii)
Urine sample Result Explanation
Man A no change The blood glucose level was low / normal and all the
glucose was reabsorbed in the kidney tubule.
Man B red precipitates were The blood glucose level was high/ above normal, so
formed glucose was incompletely reabsorbed and appeared in
the urine.
(6 marks)
(iv) The absorbed glucose was oxidised to release energy by body cells. (1 mark)
The excess glucose was changed into glycogen in the liver for storage. (1 mark)
(v) diabetes mellitus (1 mark)
Possible cause – pancreas failed to secrete enough insulin (1 mark)
__________
(16 marks)##
________________________________________________________________________________________

Chapter 19 Question

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Chapter 19 Question

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New Biology – a modern approach 3

Chapter 19: Homeostasis

A rise in skin temperature A rise in body temperature

Heat receptors in skin Heat receptors in the brain

Temperature-regulatory centre in the brain

Drop in the surrounding temperature

Drop in skin temperature

Heat receptors in skin Drop in body temperature

Heat receptors in the brain

Te mperature -regulatory centre in the brain

Skeletal Endocrine Arterioles Sweat Erector D

Release Increase in Decrease in Sensation and

(i) Name the structures labelled from A to H. (4 marks)

Substances In Bowman’s capsule Urine

Proteins Carbon dioxide

(i) Ultrafiltration occurs in A.

The change in glucose concentration along A, B and C

kidney tubule (A) epithelial cells (B)

Amino acids Glycerol

Carbon dioxide and water

Glucose in the liver

Glucose in the kidneys

Glucose in the urine

A graph showing the change in blood glucose level within

Correct choice of labeled axes and title (1 mark)

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