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  • Osi Model

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    Shashi Ranjan Kumar
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    OSI MODEL

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    12 views3 pages

    Osi Model

    Uploaded by

    Shashi Ranjan Kumar

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 3

     In 1978, the International Standards Organization (ISO) introduced the ISO model for Open

    Systems Interconnect (OSI) as a first step toward international standardization of the various

    protocols required for network communication. Consists of seven layers, with a specific set of

    network functions allocated to each layer, and guidelines for implementation of the interfaces

    between layers.

    The principles that led to the creation of seven layers are:

     A layer should be created only where a different level of abstraction is required.

     Each layer should perform a well defined function.

     The function of each layer should be chosen with an eye toward defining internationally

    standardized protocols.

     The layer boundaries should be chosen to minimize the information flow across the interfaces.

     The number of layers should be large enough that distinct functions need not be thrown together in

    the same layer out of necessity, and small enough that the architecture does not become unwieldy.

    .
    <form>
    .
    input elements
    .
    </form>

    <form>
    First name: <input type="text" name="firstname" /><br />
    Last name: <input type="text" name="lastname" />
    </form>

    <form>
    Password: <input type="password" name="pwd" />
    </form>

    <form>
    <input type="radio" name="sex" value="male" /> Male<br />
    <input type="radio" name="sex" value="female" /> Female
    </form>

    <form>
    <input type="checkbox" name="vehicle" value="Bike" /> I have a bike<br />
    <input type="checkbox" name="vehicle" value="Car" /> I have a car
    </form>

    <form name="input" action="html_form_action.asp" method="get">


    Username: <input type="text" name="user" />
    <input type="submit" value="Submit" />
    </form>

    The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is a networking protocol for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia
    information systems.[1] HTTP is the foundation of data communication for the World Wide Web.

    The standards development of HTTP has been coordinated by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and the
    World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), culminating in the publication of a series of Requests for Comments (RFCs),
    most notably RFC 2616 (June 1999), which defines HTTP/1.1, the version of HTTP in common use.

    GET
    Requests a representation of the specified resource. Requests using GET (and a few other
    HTTP methods) "SHOULD NOT have the significance of taking an action other than
    retrieval".[1] The W3C has published guidance principles on this distinction, saying, "Web
    application design should be informed by the above principles, but also by the relevant
    limitations."[12] See safe methods below.
    POST
    Submits data to be processed (e.g., from an HTML form) to the identified resource. The
    data is included in the body of the request. This may result in the creation of a new
    resource or the updates of existing resources or both.

    2.
    LIST OF 10 TAGS

    1. <address> -The HTML address tag is used for indicating an address, usually related to authorship
    of the current document.

    2. <area>- The HTML area tag is used for defining an area in an image map.

    Example <img src ="/pix/mueller_hut/mueller_hut_t.jpg"


    width="225" height="151" border="0"
    alt="Mueller Hut, Mount Cook, and I"
    usemap ="#muellermap" />

    3<input>- Using the input tag, you can add controls such as text input, radio buttons, checkbox controls,
    submit buttons, and more.

    4 <html>- The HTML html tag is the container that contains all other HTML elements (except for the !
    DOCTYPE tag which is located before the opening html tag). All other HTML elements are nested between
    the opening <html> and </html> tags.

    <script>
    <select>
    <small>
    <strike>
    <strong>
    <style>
    <table>
    <tbody>
    <td>
    <textarea>
    <tfoot>
    <th>
    <thead>
    <title>

    commands used for blinking

    <BLINK> - HTML tag that can be extraordinarily annoying when viewing a web page.
    Internet Explorer does not incorporate this tag, but still is available with Netscape
    Navigator.

    Example:

    <BLINK>This text would be blinking if compatible browser</BLINK>

    Preview:

    This text would be blinking if compatible browser

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