DR P VISWANATHAN,MVSc., ERODE.

TNPSC VAS NEW Syllabus 1 TAMIL NADU PUBLIC SERVIC

E COMMISSION NEW SYLLABUS Code No.172 SUBJECT: VETERINARY SCIENCE (DEGREE STANDA
RD) UNIT I: General Role of livestock and their products in Indian economy and h
uman health; current
livestock programmes and policies of state and Nation - economics of dairy,
sheep, goat, poultry, pig and rabbit farming; constraints to the livestock
development programs, common offences against animals ± SPCA , Animal
Welfare Board of India, NGOs.
UNIT II : Livestock Management Common terms used in Animal Husbandry ± Identificat
ion of age of animals -
Livestock and poultry breeds and breed characters; housing systems, and
requirements of space, ventilation, water, sanitation and waste disposal.
Management of milk, meat, egg and wool producing livestock, breeding bulls and
draft animals and wild animals in captivity, farm records and their maintenance;
systems and strategies for livestock improvement for enhancing productivity.
UNIT III: Livestock Nutrition Nutritional terms and definitions - Role of nutrit
ion in health and production; classification and composition of feeds and fodder
s including forest grasses; antinutritional factors and toxins in feeds and fodd
ers; feeding standards and nutrient
requirements of different categories of livestock and computation of rations.
Nutritional deficiency and its influence on livestock performance; feed
supplements and additives; conservation and preservation of feeds and fodders;
economic utilization of agro by-products for feeding livestock. - utilization of
unconventional feeds ± Wildlife nutrition.
UNIT IV: Livestock Breeding and Genetics: Important breeds of cattle, buffalo, s
heep, goat, pig and poultry with special
reference to economic characters ± Important species of wild animals and their
breeding in capacity. Breeding livestock for high performance and disease
resistance; principles of genetics; nature of DNA and RNA-their models and
functions; applications of recombinant DNA technology, cloning and role of gene
actions and cytogenetics. Animal breeding policies and programmes in state and
Nation. DR P VISWANATHAN,MVSc., ERODE. TNPSC VAS NEW Syllabus 2 UNIT V Veterinar
y Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry: Gross study of bones, joints and muscles
of skeleton. Gross study of heart and
its conduction system. Gross study of organs of digestive, respiratory urinary a
nd
reproductive systems. Digestion, metabolism and absorption of carbohydrates,
proteins and fats in simple stomach animals and ruminants - mechanism of
respiration. General functions of blood (blood cells, plasma & serum)
coagulation, cardiac cycle, Blood circulation, Blood pressure, renal function.
Hormonal control of Lactogenesis. Environmental factors affecting animal
production ± Environmental stress on animal performance ± Green Houses
Gases ± Role of ruminants
UNIT VI Veterinary Microbiology, Pathology, Parasitology and Pharmacology: Conce
pt and causes of diseases in animals; general principles and procedures of
necropsy; collection, preservation and dispatch of morbid materials for laborato
ry
diagnosis, disease investigation; common pathological conditions seen in wild
zoo and laboratory animals and birds.Immune systemorgans, tissues and cells;
infection and immunity; type and grade of immunity, serological reactions and
modern diagnostic techniques ± vaccine.
Classification of Parasites - Parasites and parasitism in animals; important
morphological features, life-cycles, mode of transmission, pathogenesis,
diagnosis, chemotherapy and general control measures of parasites associated
with disease in animals, birds and zoo animals.
Drug action - Pharmacokinetics (absorption, distribution, biotransformation and
excretion), Pharmacodynamics - local and general anaesthetics. Antibiotics and
chemotheraphy - Toxicology.
UNIT VII :Veterinary Epidemiology, Medicine and Public Health: Environmental hyg
iene; role of veterinarian in public health; zoonoses including
food-borne diseases: concept, scope, objectives and uses of epidemiology ±
classification ± mode of transmission ± method of prevention ± control and
eradication, of infectious diseases.
Infections including major contagious diseases and noninfectious diseases
affecting livestock, birds and wild animals aetiology, clinical examination
symptoms, pathogenesity, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, treatment and
control, establishment of Animal Healthcare Centres.
UNIT VIII: Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics: Reproductive physiology; hormo
nes and reproduction; livestock fertility; artificial insemination; semen charac
teristics of different species of livestock and cryopreservation. Multiple ovula
tion and embryo transfer technology in livestock, and zoo animals Reproductive d
isorders and their management. DR P VISWANATHAN,MVSc., ERODE. TNPSC VAS NEW Syl
labus 3 UNIT IX: Veterinary Surgery and Radiology: General surgical principles -
pre and post-operative considerations, anesthesia,
asepsis and anti-sepsis and sterilization; scope, history and development of
veterinary radiology; radiographic pathology of different parts of body- surgica
l
emergencies ± intensive care ± Physiotheraphy ± diathermy.
UNIT X: Livestock Products Technology: Ante mortem and Post mortem inspection ± Ob
jectives of meat inspection -
Abattoir practices, methods of slaughtering and dressing; Meat Inspection Laws,
utilization of by products; unsound meat and its disposal; quality control of me
at
and eggs and their products. Milk: Proximate Composition, milk collection,
cooling / chilling and transportation; physio-chemical and nutritional character
s of
milk and milk products; processing of raw milk and production of market milk.
Condensed and dried milk, special milk and Indian Dairy Products-packaging and
storage. Cleaning and sanitization of dairy equipments and plants; role of micro
organisms
in milk and milk products; legal standards and quality assessment of
milk and milk products ± role of milk and milk products, meat and egg in human
nutrition ± detection of adulterants in milk.
References: 1. Helminths, Arthropods and protozoa of domesticated animals by W.
J. L. Soulsby ± 7th
Edition ± ELBS Edition Bailiere Tindall.
2. Veterinary Parasitology by U.M. Urquhart, - J. Armour, J.L. Duncan, A.M. Dunn
& A.W.
Jennies. Publisher : Baillere and Tindall ± ELBS Edition.
3. Essential of Veterinary Surgery ± Venugopal Publisher: Oxford and IBH Publishin
g Co.,
Pvt. Ltd., Calcutta.
4. Dollars Veterinary Surgery J.J.O. CONNOR 4th Edition. CBS Publishers and Dist
ributors
485, Jain Bhawan Bhola Nath Nagar, Shahdara, Delhi ± 100 032.
5. Extension Education ± Adivi Reddy Publisher : Sree Lakshmi Press, Babatala, Kri
shna t.,
Andhra Pradesh.
6. Education and Communication for Development ± O.P. Dohama & O.P. Bhatnagar
Publisher : Oxford & IBH Publishing Com. New Delhi.
7. Veterinary Medicine : A Text book of the disease of Cattle, Sheep, Dogs, Goat
and
Horses 8th Edition. Author : Blood D.C., Radosits O.M. English Language book soc
iety /
Bailliere Tindall.
8. Veterinary Clinical Diagnosis, Kelly W.R. Bailliers Tindall, 1st Anne¶s Road, E
ast bourne
East sussex BM 21 3 UK.
9. Harper¶s Text Book of Biochemistry ± by Murray (Robert. K) Etc., Publisher: Prent
ice
Hall, International Inc.,
10. Text book of Biochemistry ± G.R. Agarval & O.P. Agraval.
11. Duke¶s Physiology of Domestic Animals 11th Edition Publisher: Comstock, Cornel
l
University Press.
12. Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics 6th Edition ± Arthur G.H. & Etc. Publis
her: ELBS.
DR P VISWANATHAN,MVSc., ERODE. TNPSC VAS NEW Syllabus 4 13. Reproduction in DOme
stic Animals ± Cole (H.H) and Cupps (P.T) 4th Edition Publisher :
Academic Press Inc.
14. Meat Hygiene, 4th Edition James A Libby, Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia 1975.
15. The Meat W e Eat, 11th Edition Johnson R. Romans & P. Thomas Ziegler, The In
terstate
Printers and Publishers Inc.
16. The Anatomy of Domestic Animals 2 Volumes ± Robert Getty. The Macmillan India
Ltd.,
Madras ± 2.
17. Text Book of Developmental Anatomy ± L.B. Arey Asia Publishing House, Bomaby.
18. Fundamental Principles of Bacteriology by A.J. Salle Publisher: Tata McGraw
Hill
Publishing Company, New Delhi.
19. Medical Microbiology ± Robert Cruickshank Publisher: English language book soc
iety
and E & S Livingstone Ltd.,
20. Poultry production ± B. Panda and S.C. Mohapatra Publisher: I.C.A.R. Publicati
on.
21. Poultry Nutrition by K.S. SIngh & B. Panda Publisher: Kalyani Publications.
22. Veterinary Applied Pharmacology and Therapeutics ± G.C. Brander D.M.-Pugh
Publisher: ELBS.
23. Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics by L. Meyar Jones Publisher: Comsto
ck
Cornell University Press.
24. Infectious Diseases of Domestic animals ± Hagan & Bruner Publisher: Comstock C
ornell
University Press.
25. Diseases of Livestock ± Hungerford Publisher: McGraw Hill Book Company.
26. Farm Animal Management & Poultry Production ± N.S.r. Sastry and C.K. Thomas.
27. Livestock and Poultry Production ± Harban Singh and Moore Publisher : Prentice
Hall
India. 28. Statistical Methods ± S.P. Gupta Publisher : Sultan Chand & Sons.
29. The Design and Analysis of experiments by Kempthorne O. Publisher: Wiley, Ne
wyork.
30. Fundamentals of Farm Business Management ± S.S. Joshi and T>R. Kapur Publisher
:
Kalyani Publishers.
31. Modern Economic Theory ± K.K. Dewett and A. Chand.
32. A text book on Biotechnology ± H.D. Kumar, Publisher: Affilated East West Pvt.
Ltd., New
Delhi. 33. Biotechnology ± Principles and application ± Higgin, Best and Jones Black
well Scientific
Publication, Oxford.
34. Animal Nutrition ± Mc Donald, R.A. Edwards & J.F.D Green Halgh 4th Edition 198
8
Longman Scientific and Technical John Wiley & Sons Inc.
35. Animal Nutrition ± A. Maynard and K. loosli, 7th Edition, TataMcGraw Hill Comp
any Ltd.,
New Delhi.
36. Principles of Agronomy by Subbiah (V.T.) Publisher: Bangalore Printing & Pub
lishing Co.,
Ltd., Bangalore ± 18.
37. Dairy Science ± Petersen (W.E.) Publisher : Lippincott and Company.
38. Outlines of Dairy Technology ± Sukumar (De) Oxford University Press.
39. Indian Dairy Products ± Rangappa (K.S.) & Acharya (K.T.) Asia Publishing House
.
40. The UFAW Hand book on the care and Management of Laboratory Animals Authors
/
Editors ± UFAW, C.W. Hume Publisher: Churchill Livingston, 6th edition.
41. Laboratory Animal Medicine ± James G. Fox, Bennett J. Chechen Franklin M. Loew
Academic Press Inc., (Harcourt Brace, Jovanowich).
42. Veterinary Pathology ± Jones (Thomas Carlyle) 5th edition 1989 Lea & Febgiger.
43. Veterinary Clinical Pathology Embert H. Coles Publisher: W.B. Saunders Compa
ny.
44. Genetics of Livestock Improvement by J.F. Lasley Publisher: Prentice Hall, N
ew Delhi.
45. Principles of Genetics by Gardener. E.J. Publisher : Kliley Eastern Pvt. Ltd
., New Delhi.
46. Genetics by A.M. Winchester Publisher: Oxford IBH.
DR P VISWANATHAN,MVSc., ERODE. TNPSC VAS NEW Syllabus 5 TNPSC WEBSITE SHOWING O
LDV A SS Y L L A B U S (ANIMAL HUSBANDRY & VETERINARY SCIENCE) DEGREE STANDARD P
APER -I CODE:118 ANIMAL PRODUCTION 1. GENERAL:- Current Livestock Development pr
ogrammes and polices of State and Nation - Legislation for control of animal dis
eases - Legal duties of Veterinarian - Common offences against animals and laws
governing import and export of animals. 2. ANIMAL BREEDING AND GENETICS:- Import
ant breeds of cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, pig and poultry with special referen
ce to
economic characters. Animal breeding - Aids to selection, methods of selection a
nd
culling - current breeding policies and programmes in state and the Nation - Bre
eding
methods - different mating systems. Hady weinberg law, Effects of selection, mig
ration,
and mutation - Gene frequency. Wild life breeding in captivity - Economic traits
,
Collection, evaluation and preservation of semen.
3. ANIMAL NUTRITION:- Nutritional terms and definitions - Proximate composition
of feeds - digestion and
metabolism of nutrients in ruminants and non-ruminants. Importance of minerals a
nd
Vitamins in ruminants & non ruminants - classification of feeds and fodders - st
orage and
conservation of feeds and fodders - feeding standards - formulation of rations a
nd feeding
of dairy cattle and buffaloes - Utilisation of unconventional feeds animal by -
products -
DR P VISWANATHAN,MVSc., ERODE. TNPSC VAS NEW Syllabus 9 6. Veter inar y Science
: (i) Major contagious diseases affecting cattle, buffaloes, horses, sheep and g
oats, pigs, poultry, rabbits and pet animals- Etiology, symptoms, pathogenicity,
diagnosis, treatment and control of major bacterial, viral, rickettsial and par
asitic infections.(ii) Description, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of the fol
lowing :?(a) Production diseases of milch animals, pig and poultry.(b) Deficienc
y diseases of domestic livestock and birds.(c) Poisonings due to infected/contam
inated foods and feeds, chemicals and drugs.
7. Pr incipleso f immunizatio n and vaccinatio n : Different types of immunity,
antigens and antibodies. Methods of immunization. Breakdown of immunity, Vaccine
s and their use in animals.Zoonoses, Foodborne infections and intoxications, occ
upation hazards 8. (a) Poisons used for killing animals euthanesia.(b) Drugs use
d for increasing production/performance efficiency, and their adverse effects.(c
) Drugs used to tranquilize wild animals as well as animals in captivity.(d) Qua
rantine measures in India and abroad. Act, Rules and Regulations. 9. Dair y Scie
nce : Physicochemical and nutritional properties of milk.Quality assessment of m
ilk and milk products, Common tests and legal standards. Cleaning and sanitation
of dairy equipment. Milk collections, chilling, transportation processing, pack
aging, storage and distribution. Manufacture of market milk, cream butter, chees
e, ice-cream, condensed and dried milk, by products and Indian Milk products. Un
it operations in dairy plant.Role of micro organisam in quality of milk and prod
ucts physiology of milk secretion. Paper- I 1. Animal Nutr itio n: 1.1 Partition
ing of food energy within the animal. Direct and indirect calorimetry. Carbon ?
nitrogen balance and comparative slaughter methods. Systems for expressing energ
y value of foods in ruminants, pigs and poultry. Energy requirements for mainten
ance, growth, pregnancy, lactation, egg, wool, and meat production.
1.2 Latest advances in protein nutrition. Energy protein interrelationships. Eva
luation of protein quality. Use of NPN compounds in ruminant diets. Protein requ
irements for maintenance, growth, pregnancy, lactation, egg, wool and meat produ
ction. 1.3 Major and trace minerals - Their sources, physiological functions and
deficiency symptoms. Toxic minerals. Mineral interactions. Role of fat- soluble
and water ? soluble vitamins in the body, their sources and deficiency symptoms
. 1.4 Feed additives ? methane inhibitors, probiotics, enzymes, antibiotics, hor
mones, oligosaccharides, antioxidants, emulsifiers, mould inhibitors, buffers et
c. Use and abuse of growth promoters like hormones and antibiotics ? latest conc
epts. 1.5 Conservation of fodders. Storage of feeds and feed ingredients. Recent
advances in feed technology and feed processing. Anti ? nutritional and toxic f
actors present in livestock feeds. Feed analysis and quality control. Digestibil
ity trials ? direct, indirect and indicator methods. Predicting feed intake in g
razing animals.
1.6 Advances in ruminant nutrition. Nutrient requirements. Balanced rations. Fee
ding of calves, pregnant, work animals and breeding bulls. Strategies for feedin
g milch animals during different stages of lactation cycle. Effect of feeding on
milk composition. Feeding of goats for meat and milk production. Feeding of she
ep for meat and w ool production.
1.7 Swine Nutrition. Nutrient requirements. Creep, starter, grower and finisher
rations. Feeding of pigs for lean meat production. Low cost rations for swine. 1
.8 Poultry nutrition. Special features of poultry nutrition. Nutrient requiremen
ts for meat and egg production. Formulation of rations for different classes of
layers and broilers. 2. Animal Physio lo gy 2.1 Physiology of blood and its circ
ulation, respiration; excretion. Endocrine glands in health and disease. 2.2 Blo
od constituents.-Properties and functions-blood cell formation-Haemoglobin synth
esis and chemistry-plasma proteins production, classification and properties, co
agulation of blood;Haemorrhagic disorders-anticoagulants-blood groups-Blood volu
me-Plasma expanders- Buffer systems in blood. Biochemical tests and their signif
icance in disease diagnosis.
2.3 Circulation. - Physiology of heart, cardiac cycle, heart sounds, heart beat,
electrocardiograms. Work and efficiency of heart-effect of ions on heart functi
on-metabolism of cardiac muscle, nervous and chemical regulation of heart, effec
t of temperature and stress on heart, blood pressure and hypertension, osmotic r
egulation, arterial pulse, vasomotor regulation of circulation, shock. Coronary
and pulmonary circulation, Blood-Brain barrier- Cerebrospinal fluid- circulation
in birds.
2.4 Respiration. - Mechanism of respiration, Transport and exchange of gases ?ne
ural control of respiration-chemo-receptors-hypoxia- respiration in birds. 2.5 E
xcretion-Structure and function of kidney-formation of urine-methods of studying
renal function-renal regulation of acid-base balance: physiological constituent
s of urine-renal failure-passive venous congestion-Urinary secretion in chicken-
Sweat glands and their function. Bio- chemical test for urinary dysfunction.
2.6 Endocrine glands. -Functional disorders their symptoms and diagnosis. Synthe
sis of hormones, mechanism and control of secretion- hormonal receptors-classifi
cation and function. 2.7 Growth and Animal Production- Prenatal and postnatal gr
owth, maturation, growth curves, measures of growth, factors affecting growth, c
onformation, body composition, meat quality. 2.8 Physiology of Milk Production,
Reproduction and Digestion- Current status of hormonal control of mammary develo
pment, milk secretion and milk ejection, Male and Female reproductive organs, th
eir components and functions. Digestive organs and their functions. 2.9 Environm
ental Physiology- Physiological relations and their regulation; mechanisms of ad
aptation, environmental factors and regulatory mechanisms involved in animal beh
aviour, climatology ? various parameters and their importance. Animal ecology. P
hysiology of behaviour. Effect of stress on health and production.
3. Animal Repro ductio n: DR P VISWANATHAN,MVSc., ERODE. TNPSC VAS NEW Syllabus
10 Semen quality- Preservation and Artificial Insemination- Components of semen,
composition of spermatozoa, chemical and physical properties of ejaculated seme
n, factors affecting semen in vivo and in vitro. Factors affecting semen product
ion and quality, preservation, composition of diluents, sperm concentration, tra
nsport of diluted semen. Deep freezing techniques in cows, sheep, goats, swine a
nd poultry. Detection of oestrus and time of insemination for better conception.
Anoestrus and repeat breeding.
4. Livesto ck Pro ductio n and Management: 4.1 Commercial Dairy Farming- Compari
son of dairy farming in India with advanced countries. Dairying under mixed farm
ing and as specialized farming, economic dairy farming. Starting of a dairy farm
, Capital and land requirement, organization of the dairy farm. Opportunities in
dairy farming, factors determining the efficiency of dairy animal. Herd recordi
ng, budgeting, cost of milk production, pricing policy; Personnel Management. De
veloping Practical and Economic rations for dairy cattle; supply of greens throu
ghout the year, feed and fodder requirements of Dairy Farm. Feeding regimes for
young stock and bulls, heifers and breeding animals; new trends in feeding young
and adult stock; Feeding records.
4.2 Commercial meat, egg and wool production- Development of practical and econo
mic rations for sheep, goats, pigs, rabbits and poultry. Supply of greens, fodde
r, feeding regimes for young and mature stock. New trends in enhancing productio
n and management. Capital and land requirements and socio- economic concept.
4.3 Feeding and management of animals under drought, flood and other natural cal
amities. 5. Genetics and Animal Br eeding: History of animal genetics. Mitosis a
nd Meiosis: Mendelian inheritance; deviations to Mendelian genetics; Expression
of genes; Linkage and crossing over; Sex determination, sex influenced and sex l
imited characters; Blood groups and polymorphism; Chromosome aberrations; Cytopl
asmic inheritance. Gene and its structure; DNA as a genetic material; Genetic co
de and protein synthesis; Recombinant DNA technology. Mutations, types of mutati
ons, methods for detecting mutations and mutation rate. Transgenesis.
5.1 Population Genetics applied to Animal Breeding- Quantitative Vs. qualitative
traits; Hardy Weinberg Law; Population Vs. individual; Gene and genotypic frequ
ency; Forces changing gene frequency; Random drift and small populations; Theory
of path coefficient; Inbreeding, methods of estimating inbreeding coefficient,
systems of inbreeding, Effective population size; Breeding value, estimation of
breeding value, dominance and epistatic deviation; Partitioning of variation; Ge
notype X environment correlation and genotype X environment interaction; role of
multiple measurements; Resemblance between relatives.
5.2 Breeding Systems- Breeds of livestsock and Poultry. Heritability, repeatabil
ity and genetic and phenotypic correlations, their methods of estimation and pre
cision of estimates; Aids to selection and their relative merits; Individual, pe
digree, family and within family selection; Progeny testing; Methods of selectio
n; Construction of selection indices and their uses; Comparative evaluation of g
enetic gains through various selection methods; Indirect selection and correlate
d response; Inbreeding, out breeding, upgrading, cross-breeding and synthesis of
breeds; Crossing of inbred lines for commercial production; Selection for gener
al and specific combining ability; Breeding for threshold characters. Sire index
.
6. Extension: Basic philosophy, objectives, concept and principles of extension.
Different Methods adopted to educate farmers under rural conditions. Generation
of technology, its transfer and feedback. Problems and constraints in transfer
of technology. Animal husbandry programmes for rural development.
Paper- II 1. Anato my, Phar maco lo gy and Hygiene: 1.1 Histology and Histologic
al Techniques: Paraffin embedding technique of tissue processing and H.E. staini
ng - Freezing microtomy- Microscopy-Bright field microscope and electron microsc
ope. Cytology-structure of cell, organells and inclusions; cell division-cell ty
pes- Tissues and their classification-embryonic and adult tissues-Comparative hi
stology of organs-Vascular. Nervous, digestive, respiratory, musculo- skeletal a
nd urogenital systems- Endocrine glands -Integuments-sense organs.
1.2 Embryology ? Embryology of vertebrates with special reference to aves and do
mestic mammals gametogenesis-fertilization-germ layers- foetal membranes and pla
centation-types of placenta in domestic mammals-Teratology-twins and twinning- o
rganogenesis -germ layer derivatives- endodermal, mesodermal and ectodermal deri
vates.
1.3 Bovine Anatomy- Regional Anatomy: Paranasal sinuses of OX- surface anatomy o
f salivary glands. Regional anatomy of infraorbital, maxillary, mandibuloalveola
r,mental and cornual nerve block. Regional anatomy of paravertebral nerves, pude
ndal nerve, median ulnar and radial nerves-tibial,fibular and digital nerves-Cra
nial nerves-structures involved in epidural anaesthesia-superficial lymph nodes-
surface anatomy of visceral organs of thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavities-co
mparative features of locomotor apparatus and their application in the biomechan
ics of mammalian body. 1.4 Anatomy of Fowl- Musculo-skeletal system-functional a
natomy in relation to respiration and flying, digestion and egg production.
1.5 Pharmacology and therapeutic drugs - Cellular level of pharmacodynamics and
pharmacokinetics. Drugs acting on fluids and electrolyte balance. Drugs acting o
n Autonomic nervous system. Modern concepts of anaesthesia and dissociative anae
sthetics. Autacoids. Antimicrobials and principles of chemotherapy in microbial
infections. Use of hormones in therapeutics- chemotherapy of parasitic infection
s. Drug and economic concerns in the Edible tissues of animals- chemotherapy of
Neoplastic diseases. Toxicity due to insecticides, plants, metals, non- metals,
zootoxins and mycotoxins.
1.6 Veterinary Hygiene with reference to water, air and habitation - Assessment
of pollution of water, air and soil- Importance of climate in animal health- eff
ect of environment on animal function and performance-relationship between indus
trialization and animal agriculture- animal housing requirements for specific ca
tegories of domestic animals viz. pregnant cows and sows, milking cows, broiler
birds- stress, strain and productivity in relation to animal habitation