Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Dr. Mrs. INDRALEKHA for having given me opportunity to undergo this project.
M.ED., BLIS, PGDHRM, PGDMM, for having providing me the necessary facilities to
do the project.
Mr. NATARAJAN and other staff members of bank who helped me in doing this
project.
My parents and friends who have been my greatest source of inspiration of every
stage of my project.
All the blessings of the Almighty added meaning and gave life to my project.
CONTENTS
Chapte Title Page No.
1 INTRODUCTION
Research Problem
Research Methodology
Classifications of Deposits
Types of Loans
Ratio Analysis
Trend Forecasting
5 CONCLUSION
APPENDIX
BIBLIOGRAPHY
LIST OF TABLES
Table
Title Page No.
No.
1 Current Ratio
2 Liquid Ratio
11 Cash on Hand
13 Investments
15 Fixed Assets
17 Share Capital
26 Audit fees
27 Profit
LIST OF CHARTS
Charts
Title Page No.
No.
1 Current Ratio
2 Liquid Ratio
11 Cash on Hand
13 Investments
14 Share Capital
19 Profit
CO-OPERATIVE BANK OVERVIEW
The Indian financial system is broadly classified into organized sector and
unorganised sector. The organized sector consists of the commercial banks, cooperative
banks, regional rural banks and development banks, which come under the effective
purview of the RBI and Government. The unorganized sector is largely beyond
regulatory and governmental authorities. The organized section is fully regulated and
Banking Intermediaries
1. Commercial Banks
2. Cooperative banks
Most of the commercial banks in India were started on the British pattern in the
beginning of the 19th century. The commercial banks were incorporated under the Indian
Companies Act, 1936. The peculiarity of the Indian commercial banking is that the banks
Banking Institutions
Indian Foreign
Financial
Services
subsidiaries
SBI Capital
Market Ltd
Primary objective of any commercial bank is to earn profit. A commercial bank
receives money from the depositors and lends it to trade, industry and commerce. The
difference between the lending rate and the borrowing rate is profit. The RBI directors
govern the interest rates. The banks also carry on the business of banking as per the
Associated Nationalised
SBI RRB
SCI Banks
Cooperative Banks
upon agriculture for their livelihood. The Indian farmer is poor, illiterate and heavily
indebted non availability of adequate and timely agricultural credit results in low
productivity and make agriculture more capital intensive. The objective of such
organisation is to facilitate rural credit and to promote thrift and self help among the
Like commercial banks, the cooperative banks also receive deposits and lends
money. But they lend money to their members and make incidental profits although their
Cooperative banks in India can be divided into two sectors. Agricultural and non-
agricultural sectors. The agriculture cooperative banks are primary cooperative banks at
the village level, central co-operative banks at the district level and the state cooperative
housing cooperative bank. A special feature of agricultural cooperative bank is its three
tier structure.
Village / primary Co-operative Banks
The primary cooperative banks credit societies are functioning at the village level.
The village cooperative society attracts deposits from among the well to do members and
non-members of the village and to promote thrift and self help. They are making
between the primary cooperative societies and the state cooperative banks. Their main
objective is to raise finance through deposits from the public and lend it to the primary
Every state has a state cooperative bank. In links the cooperative movement of the
state with the money market and RBI on one hand and the central cooperative banks and
the credit societies on the other. It also serves as a clearinghouse for the cheques of
cooperative banks.
Urban Co-operative Banks
It resembles the commercial banks. This kind of bank is set up in the urban
centres. The bank receives deposits from its members and the public and lends its
members. An urban co-operative bank is restricted to lend money to its customer residing
These may be more than one commercial banks in a particular municipal area. But
some urban co-operative banks, depending on their byelaws admit firms and local
authorities as its members. These banks accepting time and demand deposits.
RESEARCH PROBLEM
Co-operative banking is India can be divided into two important areas. They are,
urban co-operative bank limited No. S.392 Salem is also one among the non-agricultural
co-operative banks. It provides loans and receive deposits both members and non-
members of the bank. The bank facing financial crunch in their transactions. Hence the
researcher has selected this bank to study the financial performance of the bank and give
technique
performance.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A study of financial performance at bank has conducted to find out the financial
soundness of the bank. This project study of financial performance is covered for a period
Primary data was collected through the interviews with the managers and staffs
and the secondary data from annual accounts, past records and various books, etc.
The main aim of the study is to know the financial soundness of the bank. The
tools used in this analysis are ratio analysis and trend analysis.
LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
operative banks.
cooperative society under Act VI of 1932, Madras. Its operation shall be confined to
Salem Municipal limits and upto the area of all village lying within the radius of 15
kilometres. For any revision in this regard prior approval from the RBI is necessary.
Membership
Loan on the security of immovable property may be granted to `A’ class members
residing in the above area of operation of the bank. Loan on the security of jewels may be
advanced to `B’ class members residing in Salem District. The liability of the members of
the society shall be limited to the share capital subscribed by them. The state government
may be admitted as `A’ class member. The redeemable in accordance with the terms and
Capital
The capital of the bank at present be 50,50,000/- made up of 5,00,000/- `A’ class
shares of Rs.10 each and 50000/- `B’ class shares of Rs.1 each. The value of each A&B
class shares shall be paid in one lump sum on allotment. However SC, ST and Weaker
Management
The executive management of the affairs of the society shall vest in the Board of
Directors. The BOD shall consist of not more than nine members. The board of directors
shall meet once a month. Member of BOD absent himself from the four consecutive
ordinary meeting of the boards, he shall cease to be a member of BOD but may be
The secretary shall be responsible for the executive administration of the society,
subject to the control of the president. The cashier, the accountant and the secretary all
the three will be jointly responsible for the cash and jewels and other valuables of the
bank. The appraiser shall be responsible for the jewels, which he handed over the
The secretary shall have power to admit `B’ class member and allow withdraw of
their share capital and subject to rectification by the BOD at their next meeting.
General Body
4. The consideration of any complaint which any individual member may prefer
against the BOD
2. To act as an agent for the joint purchase of the domestic and other
requirements of its members.
The reserve funds shall belong to the society as a whole and its intended to meet
unforeseen losses. No members can claim a share in it. It shall be invested in such a
manner as the registrar of co-operative societies prescribed and shall not be drawn upon
The society shall prepare annually in such form as may be prescribed by the
registrar.
• Balance Sheet
1. This facility of advance will be for the confirmed employees of the bank
vehicle or by-cycle.
2. The loans will be made for the purchase of new brand machines.
5. The interest shall be changed at 9% per annum on the loan outstanding the
6. No employee can be sanctioned a loan for more than one vehicle at a time.
7. The vehicle shall not be transferred or sold or disposed off till the loan due
to bank is cleaned.
accordance with the subsidiary regulation framed by board and approved by the
deputy registrar.
Benefits to Workers
The workers who are working in a bank, the bank provided various facilities with
1. Housing loan - 9%
The consumer can to get these loans with 17% interest rate
Recent Position
On 25.5.2001 onwards the bank is running by special officer. In those days board
ran bank. The bank is aiming to open various branches. But now-a-days banks non-
performing assets are increasing. If NPA is increases above 15% the government do not
1. Fixed deposit
2. Recurring deposit
3. Current deposit
4. Savings deposit
6. Day deposit
7. Cash certificate
Fixed deposit
time. No deposit shall be received for a sum less than Rs.10 for a period
• Interest on fixed deposits shall be payable at such scale and manner as the
BOD may fix from time to time that the maximum shall not exceed 12%
per annum subject to the directive issued from time to time by the RBI
Recurring Deposits
bank every month a fixed amount of one rupee or multiple thereof for a period of 12 to
240 months.
Current Deposit
The BOD may permit any individual member or non-member or any institution
other than the co-operative society, local board, municipality, civil court to open a current
account with the bank. Interest shall be calculated on current account as per the rate fixed
by RBI and shall be payable at such scale and manner as the BOD may fix from time to
Saving deposit
The secretary may permit any person to open a savings deposit account with the
bank. The interest shall be calculated on the savings deposit at not more than 6.5% per
annum to be fixed by the BOD from time to time on the minimum balance to credit of the
account during the period from the 10th to the last day of each month. Such interest shall
be adjusted to the respective accounts half yearly. Every savings depositor will be
his convenience in a home safe any amount that he can take and pay the contents, every
month for a period of 12 months. Interest @3.5% per annum the total amount together
with the interest occurred will be payable to the depositor in the 13th month.
Day Deposit
A day deposit is made by a person who undertakes to pay to the bank by daily a
fixed sum of Rs.1/- or multiple share for the period of 3 months to 61 months.
The deposit will carry interest at the rate fixed by RBI and such scale and manner
prescribed by the BOD from time to time on the balances as on the first day of every
receive back the principal amount together with interest (compounded quarterly) occurred
after a certain period agreed to at the time of deposit. Interest earned there on under this
Types of Loan
The bank is providing various loans to consumers in the form of medium term,
Short-term Loans
1. Jewel Loan
The Shevapet Urban Co-operative bank issue jewel loans to members and
associate members only. Jewel loans rate of interest is 18% and repayment period is one
year a borrower is not repay for the loan within one year period, and above period
Each jewel the bank has taken to be the insurance. The bank has following jewel
The bank issue micro credit loans to ladies and associated members only. The rate
of interest on this loan is very low and so giving helping hand to lady merchants only. For
example, vegetables, fruit stall, petty traders, coconut shop, etc. This loan is helpful to
ladies to improve their life and develop the small business. Loans issue amount ranges
Consumer Loans
ceremonies, etc. Maximum amount that can be borrowed is Rs.3000, which can be paid
1. Mortgage Loan
as a security. The borrower rendering any property on mortgage is called mortgager and
mortgages. The terms of the transfer of interest in a property from the mortgage to the
Mortgage loan issued to `A’ class members only. Minimum of Rs.5000 and
maximum of Rs.25000 is offered at the interest rate of 20%. House and vacant size is a
2. Cottage Industries
resources and for human skill and normally under by the beneficiaries in their homes.
The maximum amount of cash credit limit for any individual borrower shall not exceed
Rs.25, 000.
It shall however be competent to the BOD to sanction a higher limit wherever
Long-term Loans
Small scale industries units are those engaged in the manufacturer, processing or
preservation of goods and whose investment in plant and machinery original cost does
not exceed Rs.5/- each. Agents selling goods on commission basis, booking, clearing and
forwarding agents, estate agents, press cum publishing houses , hair dressing, saloons,
The maximum amount of cash credit limit for any individual borrower shall not
exceed Rs.1,00,000 in respect of small scale industries. The BOD can sanction a higher
2. Housing Loans
categorized as housing loans. Bank sanction housing loan to the permanent employees of
the bank in accordance with the subsidiary regulation framed by board and approval by
the deputy registrar. Minimum rate of interest 9% for employees and 17% for customers.
B AN K S T R U C T U R E
G eneral body
P resident
Board of D irector
M anaging D irector
Meaning of Ratio
According to accountant’s hand book by wixon, kell and bed fold a ”ratio is an
ratios.
statements, before calculating then ratios one should see whether proper concepts and
If the purpose is to study current financial position and important for the analysis
ratios. The ratios should match the purpose for which these are required.
4. Use of Standards
Ratios are compared with certain standards one will not be able to reach at
conclusions. These standards may be rule of thumb as in case of current ratio (2:1) and
The ratios are only guidelines for the analyst, he should not base his decisions
entirely on them.
The ratio analysis is one of the most powerful tools of financial analysis. It is used
as a device to analyse and interpret the financial health of enterprise. A financial analyst
analyses the financial statement with various tools of analysis before commenting upon
the financial health or weakness of an enterprise. The supplier of goods on credit, banks,
financial institutions investors, share holders and management all make use of ratio
analysis as a tool in evaluating the financial position and performance of a firm for
Ratio analysis suffers from certain limitations. They are discussed below
1. Inadequacy of Standards
Ratios are useful only if they are compared with some standards. But adequate
Ratios are based only on the information recorded in the financial statements.
Financial statements suffer from a number of limitations. Hence, the ratios derived from
3. Difficulty in Comparison
similar companies are available, their accounting periods may differ. This makes inter
No fixed standards can be laid down for ideal current ratio is said to be 2:1. How
ever in case of firms, which have adequate credit arrangement with their bankers, it may
Liquidity Ratios
Liquidity ratios measure the firms ability to meet current obligations. Liquidity
refers to the ability of a concern to meet its current obligation as and when these become
due. The short-term obligations are meet by releasing amounts from current, floating or
circulating assets. Interpretation of liquidity ratios provides considerable insight into the
present cash solvency of the firm and its ability to remain solvent in time of advertisities.
1. Current Ratio
2. Liquid Ratio
1. Current Ratio
Current ratio may be defined as the relationship between current assets and
current liabilities. It is a measure of general liquidity and is most widely used to make the
It is calculated as
Current Assets
Current Ratio = ----------------------------
Current Liabilities
2. Liquid Ratio
Liquid ratio is also known as acid test or quick ratio is a mere vigorous test of
liquidity than the current ratio. The term liquidity refers to the ability of a firm to pay its
short-term obligations as and when they become due-liquid ratio may be defined as the
relationship between liquid assets and current liabilities. Particularly quick or liquid
assets include all current asset except stock and prepaid expenses.
Quick asset
Liquid ratio = ----------------------------
Current Liabilities
Absolute liquid assets include cash in hand and at bank and marketable securities.
Although debtors and bills receivable are generally more liquid than inventories, there
may be doubts regarding their realization into cash immediately or in time. The standard
norm is 0.5:1
It is the relationship between the long-term liabilities to net working capital long
term debt includes debentures and loans. Net working capital in the excess of current
The ratio establishes the relationship between fixed assets and shareholders funds.
This ratio indicates the extend to which share holders funds are sunk into the fixed assets.
If the ratio is less than 100%, it implies that owner funds are more than total fixed assets
and a part of the working capital is provided by the share holders. When the ratio is more
than 100% it implies that owners funds are not sufficient to finance the fixed assets and
the bank has to depend upon outsiders to finance the fixed assets.
Fixed Asset
Fixed Asset Ratio = ----------------------------------
Share holders Funds
6. Current Liabilities to proprietors fund
between current liabilities to the proprietors funds and indicates the amount of long term
Current liabilities
Current Liability to proprietors = -------------------------------
Share holders Fund
The main objective of management is to maximize the value of the firm. For
Debtors
Debtors to current asset ratio = ---------------------------------- X 100
Current Asset
8. Total Investment to long-term Liability Ratio
This ratio is calculated by dividing the total of long-term funds by the long-term
liabilities. As a general rule the proportion of long-term liabilities should not be very
high.
It is inverse of more familiar debt equity ratio. It is found by dividing loans by net
worth. Non-bankrupt companies maintain more than twice as much equity as debt.
Total loans
Total loans to net worth = ----------------------------------------
Net worth
In this ratio, cash and current assets are compared. It helps to know how
Cash
Cash to current asset ratio = ----------------------------
Current asset
RATIO ANALYSIS
TABLE - 1
CURRENT RATIO
Current Asset
Current Ratio = -----------------------------
Current Liabilities
Inference
The current ratio should be 2 : 1. So this is above the standard norm. If the
current ratio is higher, longer the amount of rupees available to meet current obligations
& safety of funds of short term creditors. The above table shows that in the year 98–99 &
99-00 the ratio was decreased. Because, main reason for this reduction is bad debts &
creditors values were increased. So the bank should take necessary step to recover the
TABLE - 2
LIQUID RATIO
Liquid Asset
Liquid Ratio = ------------------------------------------------
Current Liability / Liquid Liability
Inference
The Standard norm of the liquid ratio is 1:1. it indicates the financial condition of
the bank. The above table shows that the liquid ratio is above the standard norm. So it is
satisfactory. During the year 98-99 the ratio is lower when compared to other years.
TABLE - 3
Inference
The standard Norm is .5 : 1. The average liquid ratio is 1.62 which is above the
and suddenly it met a fall in 98-99. Because current liability increases amount is higher
Year Long term debt (Rs) Net Working Capital (Rs) Ratio
Inference
From this we can infer that the long term debt value has increased continuously
from year by year. But in net working capital there is some fluctuations. So that the ratio
value is affected by such fluctuations. During the year 99 –00 the ratio has decreased to
2.14 from 2.36. From this we can conclude that the long term debt is more than the net
working capital.
TABLE - 5
Fixed Assets
Fixed Assets Ratio = -------------------------------
Share holders Funds
Inference
This ratio indicates the extend to which share holders funds are sunk into fixed
assets. If the ratio is less than 100%, it implies that owners funds are more than total
assets. When the ratio is more than 100%, it implies that the owners funds are not
sufficient to finance fixed asset and the bank has to depend upon the outsiders funds to
From the above table it shows that the bank has not sufficient share holders
compare to the fixed assets. Here there is a necessity for more outsiders funds to finance
the fixed assets because the bank is not having sufficient share holders funds.
TABLE – 6
Current liability
Current Liability to proprietors = -------------------------------
Proprietors Funds
Inference
From the above ratios, the total current liabilities to proprietors funds is varying
from 2.32 to 3.15. So in the year 1999-2000 current liabilities to proprietors’ funds is
increased to 3.15. This must be controlled to repay the proprietors funds to them
TABLE - 7
Debtors
Debtors to current Asset = ----------------------------- X 100
Current Asset
Inference
In the year 97 and 98 the ratio is increased from 0.18% to 0.43% because of
debtors values has increased. But during the year 99-00 the debtor’s value is decreased so
Inference
The total investment to Long-term liability ratio of the bank for the year
in the ratios. But the ratio is decreasing constantly compared to previous years. It has
Total Loans
Total Loan to Net worth = -----------------------------
Share holders Funds
Inference
From the above table it indicates that total loan to net worth ratio as constantly
increasing from 95-96 to 98-99 the ratios from 7.84 to 10.31. During the year 98-99 the
ratios is higher when compared to other years. Main reason for this is both total loan and
Current Asset
Year Cash (Rs.) Ratio
(Rs)
Cash
Cash to current assets = -----------------------------
Current assets
Inference
Current assets constantly increased from 95-96 to 99-2000. but in cash there in lot
of fluctuations from 95-96 to 99 - 00 . During 96 –97 cash shows increasing trend. But
during 97-98 cash values has decreased. Again last 2 years cash values has increased.
From this we can conclude that, average cash position is 3.8%only in total current asset.
TREND FORECASTING
An arrangement of statistical data in accordance with time of occurrence or in a
chronological order is called a time series or trend forecasting. From the comparison of
past data with current data we may seek to establish what development may be expected
in future. The analysis of time series is done mainly for the purpose of forecasts and for
Y = a + bx,
Where as,
∑y ∑xy
a = ---------- b = ----------
N ∑x2
Where Y0 is used to designate the trend values to distinguish them from the actual
Y values,
a is the Y intercept or the computed trend figure of the Y variable when x=0.
b represents the slope of the trend line or the amount of change in the Y variable
TABLE -11
CASH ON HAND
Inference
The above table shows that the actual figures of cash on hand and forecasted
figures are closed to each other during the year 96. During 1997 and 2000 the actual
values of cash on hand is high when compared with forecasted figures. This will help the
Inference
The above table shows that the actual values of balance with other banks are
steadily increased during this 5 years. So that the forecasted figures also increased
constantly. During 1997 and 1999 the actual value of balance with other banks is
minimum when compared to forecasted figures. The predicted values shows that the bank
TABLE –13
INVESTMENTS
Inference
During the year 1996 and 2000 the actual value of investment is high compared to
projected figures. During the year 97,98and 99 the actual value is less than projected
figures. The Banks investment value has been increased in future. So bank can find
Inference
During the year 1996 and 1999 the actual values of loans & advances is high
when compared to projected figures. During 97,98 & 2000 the actual value is lower than
projected values. The bank has an opportunity to give more loans and advances in future.
TABLE -15
FIXED ASSETS
Inference
The actual value of fixed assets has decreased from 96 to 97 amount of Rs. 0.215
crore to 0.129 crore. From 98 onwards actual value of fixed asset is maintained at
constant level. So these changes will affect the projected figures. In future, fixed assets
values has constantly decreased. So that bank should have to take necessary step to invest
Inference
The above table shows that the actual value of bills for collection is in fluctuating
manner. So it will be difficult to forecast the future values. That is during the year 1999
the actual value is higher than the forecasted values but in the year 97,98 and 2000 the
actual values is lesser than the projected figures. In future the bank can expect more
LIABILITIES
SHARE CAPITAL
Inference
The above table shows that the projected share capital amount has increased to
2.49 crore because the actual value of share capital has constantly increased. So projected
figures are also steadily increased. We can conclude that the bank has a better chance to
TABLE - 18
Inference
The above table shows that the actual value of reserves and surplus has steadily
increased. The bank can expect projected figures of the reserves and surplus are also
increase in the future. This indicates that the bank is in a necessary position to take
Inference
Even though the actual value of deposits and borrowings were increasing year
after year, the percentage increases has a great difference between them. But there is no
much difference between actual and projected values of deposits and borrowings. From
the forecasting technique the bank can expect more amount in deposits and borrowings
Inference
The actual figures of bills of collection has very much fluctuation i.e during 1996
the value of bills of collection has decreased in the year 1997 and then during 1999 this
value has increased. During 2000 the value of bills of collection has decreased. Such
fluctuation will affect the projected figures..The bank must concentrate to reduce the
INCOME
TABLE - 21
During the year 1997 and 1998 the actual figures of interest and discount has
decreased, when compared to projected figures. In case of 2000 the actual value of
interest and discount and projected values seems to be related to each other. The
forecasted figures had increased constantly. We can conclude that the bank has an
Inference
The above table shows that during 1997 the actual value of commission,
brokerage and exchange is low when compared to other years. But in the case of 1999
and 2000 the values of actual and projected are seems to be related to each other. This
forecasting technique shows that the bank has a chance to get more amount in
TABLE – 23
Inference
The above table shows that the actual value of interest on deposits and borrowings
and projected values seems to be related each other in the year 1998 when compared to
other years. During the year 1997, 1998 and 2000 the interest and deposit and borrowings
is minimum when compared to forecasted figures. But in the year 1996and 1999 the
actual value of deposit and borrowings is maximum when compared to forecasted
figures. With the help of above table the bank authorities can plan the future year
requirements.
TABLE - 24
Inference
The above table shows that the actual values of salaries, allowances and provident
fund and the model generated figures seems to be related to each other in the year 1997.
During the year 1998 and 1999 the actual expenses of salaries, allowances and provident
fund is minimum but in the year 1996 and 2000 the expenses is high when compared to
projected figures.
TABLE – 25
Inference
The actual figure of rent, taxes, insurances and lighting has got more fluctuations
during the first 3 years. ie. During 1996 the actual rent, taxes lighting is 5.91lakhs
reduced to 4.22 lakhs in 1997. But suddenly it raised to 6.52 lakhs. During 1999 actual
and projected values are closed to each other. So if there is any fluctuation in actual
AUDIT FEES
Inference
The actual figures of auditors fees is varying from one year to another. Because
first 3 years there is an increased trend in actual value but during 1999 auditors fees
values has reduced, during 2000 the actual value increased from 1.11 lakh to 1.13 lakhs.
During the year 1999 the actual and projected values are seems to be each other.
TABLE – 27
PROFIT
Inference
During the year 1997 the actual value of profit is low when compared to all the
years. During the year 1999 the actual and projected years are closed to each other. From
the year 1998 to 2000 the actual profit has increased from one year to another year. So
projected figures has increased steadily. From this the bank will expect more profit in
future.
FINDINGS
1. Average current ratio was 3.09 which is above the standard norm of 2:1 and so it
2. Average absolute liquid ratio was 1.62, which is above the standard norm of
3. If net worth is lesser than fixed asset, the share holders can not make more
investment in fixed asset. So because of this reason the bank will be depending
6. Based on the trend forecasting of the cash on hand, the cash is expected to be
9. Only through interest and discounts, the bank has earning their large amount of
income
10. If the borrowings of the bank is reduced which in turn will reduce the interest
more than 15%, the government will not allow to open further branches.
12. The banks liquidity position is low in the year 1998-99. Because the banks bad
13. The bank is prefer short-term borrowings as more when compared to share
holders funds.
14. Compared to share holders funds, the loans offered to customers are very high.
SUGGESTIONS
3. Proper technique should be adopted for planning and control of cash in order to
debt.
5. The bank should take proper action to reduce the non-performing assets.
6. The bank should keep a constant eye on its expenses and especially the interest
and borrowings since they constitute and major portion of loans and advances.
8. The bank should be computerized to decrease the work load and increase the
9. The bank should appoint qualified persons to do the job efficient manner.
10. The bank should follow strict policy regarding the collection of loan amounts.
CONCLUSION
A Study was conducted in the Shevapet Urban Cooperative Bank Ltd., No.
S.392. Salem. This Study helped the analyst to gain exposure in the following fields.
Ratio Analysis
Trend Forecasting
This study is on the overall financial position of The Shevapet urban Co-
operative bank Ltd., No.S. 392. Salem helped me to identify the liquidity position,
finance required to meet day to day operations, forecasting for the future plans.
Based on the analysis findings from this study, recommendations were made to
the bank to enable them to plan their future financial position for their strength addition.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
CASH ON HAND
1998 1.55 0 0 0
Since Σ X= 0;
Σ Y Σ XY
a = -------------------- b = -----------------
N Σ X2
8.16
a = -------------------- = 1.63
5
1.66
b = -------------------- = .167
10
Hence
Y = a + bx
Y 1996 = a + b (-2)
=1.63+ .167(-2)
= 1.26
Y 1997 = a + b (-1)
=1.63+ .167(-1)
= 1.43
Y 1998 = a + b (0)
=1.63+ .167(0)
= 1.63
Y 1999 = a + b (1)
=1.63+ .167(1)
= 1.83
For 2000th year, X will be (2)
Y 2000 = a + b (2)
= 1.92
Y 2001 = a + b (3)
=1.63+ .167(3)
= 2.11
Y 2002 = a + b (4)
=1.63+ .167(4)
= 2.32
Y 2003 = a + b (5)
=1.63+ .167(5)
= 2.51
Y 2004 = a + b (6)
=1.63+ .167(6)
= 2.62
For 2005th year, X will be (7)
Y 2005 = a + b (7)
=1.63+ .167(7)
= 2.80
1996 1.26
1997 1.43
1998 1.64
1999 1.83
2000 1.92
2001 2.11
2002 2.32
2003 2.51
2004 2.62
2005 2.80