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Written By:
Derek S.
Diana B.
Anti-Commies News
Breaking News on the Cuban Missile Crisis!
Standards: 901, 903, 904, 906

The Story behind it all…

In 1962, a major cold war confrontation between the United States and the Soviet
Union, After the Bay of Pigs Invasion, the USSR increased its support of Fidel Castro's
Cuban regime. In the summer of 1962, Nikita Khrushchev secretly decided to install
Ballistic missiles in Cuba. When U.S. reconnaissance flights revealed the clandestine
construction of missile launching sites, President Kennedy publicly denounced (Oct.
22,
1962) the Soviet actions. He imposed a naval blockade on Cuba and declared that any
missile launched from Cuba would warrant a full-scale retaliatory attack by the United
States against the Soviet Union. On Oct. 24, Russian ships carrying missiles to Cuba
turned back, and when Khrushchev agreed (Oct. 28) to withdraw the missiles and
dismantle the missile sites, the crisis ended as suddenly as it had begun. The United
States ended its blockade on Nov. 20, and by the end of the year the missiles and
bombers were removed from Cuba. The United States, in return, pledged not to invade
Cuba, and subsequently secretly removed ballistic missiles it had placed in Turkey.

Timeline

Summer 1962 - Soviets shipped to Cuba a large amount of sophisticated weaponry,

including intermediate-range nuclear missiles. By August, US intelligence began
receiving reports of Soviet missiles in Cuba. On August 29th, a U-2 surveillance flight
provided conclusive evidence of SA-2 SAM missile sites at eight different locations in
Cuba. Pressure on Kennedy favored an invasion and after the disastrous Bay of Pigs
incident, he did not want to by accused of being weak and failing to stand up to the
Soviets.

October 22 - President Kennedy announced on national television the discover of

the missile sites, demanded the removal of all missiles, ordered a strict naval blockade
of all offensive military equipment shipped to Cuba, and promised that any missiles
launched from Cuba would bring "a full retaliatory response upon the Soviet Union."

October 27 - Khrushchev yielded and ordered 25 Soviet ships off their course to Cuba
which, in turn, avoided a challenge to the American blockade. He then offered to
remove all the missiles from Cuba if the US pledged not to invade Cuba. Attorney
General Robert Kennedy made a secret agreement with Khrushchev that the US would
dismantle the Jupiter missiles in Turkey.

November - President Kennedy publicly announced the withdrawal of Soviet

missiles and bombers from Cuba, pledged US respect of Cuban sovereignty, and
promised that US forces would not invade the island. The crisis was officially over.
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The Race of Technology
-This new age of nuclear threatening has
Begun, causing a continuation of the race for the
advancement of technology. Some examples of
new products are:

-Hydrogen bomb (Nuclear Energy)

-Computer (Stored Communication)
-Jet engines (Faster Transportation)
-CDs (Stored Data)
-DNA identification (Crime Analysis)
-Directional parachutes (More efficient Air tactics)
Range of the Nuclear Missiles in Cuba
-Teflon (Multi use)
-And much more.

-These technological developments have a huge impact

on how we live today, improving everything from a more
efficient every day life, to making catching criminals
much more efficient.

-With the invention of DNA identification and computers,

a whole new era of technology has begun. Not only will
stopping crime be easier, but also the more we
understand about DNA, the closer to curing diseases
such as Cancer we become.

-New Technological developments contribute to a better US vs. USSR land missiles in the Cuban
economy, longer life, and an much efficient society. Missile crisis

Facts
-Number of warheads in the American nuclear arsenal in
1962: 27,305

-The Soviets were building nine sites—six for R-12 medium-

range missiles (NATO
designation SS-4 Sandal) with an effective range of 2,000 kilo-
meters (1,200 mi) and
three for R-12 intermediate-range ballistic missiles with a
maximum range of
4,500 kilometers (2,800 mi).

-Within 7 minutes, the majority of the United States, Cuba, and

Russia would have been
destroyed on October 23, 1962 when the Strategic Air Com-
mand was ordered to
DEFCON 2
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Life to the Children

-In the schools during this time, drills in preparation of bombings were
conducted in schools (with the song, “Duck and Cover”. In many of the
schools bomb shelters were created. Though at the time these may have
seemed outrageous to be putting children through this, those children
later became adults, and their belief in our Nations Defense cause a
great modification in our nations defense.

Inside a typical bomb shelter

-As mentioned before, this shift in children's lives caused a widespread

fear among the people; in fear of being targeted by an attack, the years
following when these children are running the country, our Military was
improved significantly
Page 4Duck
of 6and Cover. Duck
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Sign of Nuclear Bomb:
Loud noise
Bright Flash
Sounds of Alarm
Large force like a wind
Airplanes

Steps to Safety:
Duck
Cover you back and Neck
Use coats or Clothing
Where to cover
Underneath a desk
In a building
Atomic Bomb Shelter
Against a wall (away from windows)

Errors and Propaganda:

Film's scientific accuracy; whether or not the tactics shown in the film (such
as ducking into a doorway, putting a newspaper over your head, and even just
throwing yourself face down on the ground) would actually work. While this (or any)
tactic would be useless for someone at ground zero during a nuclear blast, both the
thermal pulse of some weapons and broken windows pieces could be evaded by
going under the desk. In particular, higher yield thermonuclear weapons have ther-
mal pulses which last for several seconds. By promptly putting something between
yourself and the fireball, you could avoid or reduce the severity of the burns. For
those not at ground zero, there would be a delay between the flash (indicating the
need to duck and cover) and the arrival of the blast wave, which could shatter win-
dows and cause other blast or impact injuries (although electromagnetic radiation,
such as infra-red and gamma rays, would arrive at the observer's position at the
same time as the light flash, leaving the observer no time to find cover from these
particular aspects of a nuclear detonation).

During the time people still didn't understand why A-bomb killed, and what it did. This
video would protect against an airstrike but not a nuclear bomb. This video had no
purpose really except contribute to the Red Scare...

A newspaper would, at least in theory, block alpha radiation although skin does this
anyway, provide some shielding from the heat (IR, visible and UV) radiation and
small debris, though it would have no effect on the beta and gamma radiation or on
the shockwave that would accompany an atomic detonation
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The red fear of the country forced many government official to take action.
Soon came out the duck and cover video, which educated many young
people how to „survive‟ a nuclear war. To make this video many experi-
mental lab and practices had to be made to prove the science behind the
video. Now it showed to be inaccurate but back then it was the new
knowledge and scientific finding. The scientific finding helped people
come with their fear of a nuclear war. The government officials succeeded
in coping with the fear but failed with new more efficient ways of protecting
yourself from radiation and the H-bomb.

Duck And Cover Lyrics

There was a turtle by the name of Bert

and Bert the turtle was very alert;
when danger threatened him he never
got hurt
he knew just what to do...
He'd duck! [gasp]
And cover!
Duck! [gasp]
And cover! (male) He did what we all
must learn to do
(male) You (female) And you (male)
And you (deeper male) And you!'
[bang, gasp] Duck, and cover!'