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Income Method:
Different factors of production are paid for their productive services rendered to
an organization. The various incomes that are included in these methods are
wages, income of self-employed, interest, profit, dividend, rents, and surplus of
public sector and net flow of income from abroad.
Expenditure Method:
The various sectors – the household sector, the government sector, the business
sector, either spend their income on consumer goods and services or they save
a part of their income. These can be categorized as private consumption
expenditure, private investment, public consumption, public investment etc. as
shown in the above table.
Product Method
The production method gives us national income or national product based
on the final value of the produce and the origin of the produce in terms of the
industry.
1. With the help of following data, calculate National Income at factor cost.
Solution:
Calculate GNP and NNP from the following data. Net income from abroad is Rs.
1,400 Cr., GDP is Rs.20, 000 Cr., depreciation Rs.1, 000 Cr. Raw materials and
intermediate goods used in production is Rs. 4, 000 Cr.
Solution:
Solution:
PI = NI- Corporate taxes- Undistributed Profits- Social Security Contributions+
Transfer Payments.
PI = 6560 – 324-76-113+230 Cr.
= 6560-513+230 Cr.
∴ PI =6277 Cr.
4. From the following data, calculate GDP at market prices.
(Rs. In crores)
Net National Income 10,500
Depreciation 650
Subsidies 250
Commodity taxes 900
Imports 1100
Exports 1300
Solution: