JICA Assisted

AGRA WATER SUPPLY PROJECT

(ID-P185)

Uttar Pradesh Jal Nigam

NJS Consultants Co. Ltd., Japan

In Association with
Mott MacDonald, UK
TCE Consulting Engineers, India
Shah Technical Consultants Pvt.
Ltd, India
144 MLD WATER TREATMENT PLANT

PROCESS DESIGN

Dr. Uday Kelkar

Dr. Ghulam Mustafa
Outline
 Yamuna Water Characteristics

 Major Issues with Yamuna Raw Water

 Product Water Criteria

 Treatment Processes for 144 MLD WTP

 MBBR Process

 Membrane Filtration
Major Issues with Raw Yamuna Water

Deteriorated Quality of Yamuna water

NH3-N as high as 40 TIMES against limit < 1 mg/lit.
BOD as high as 12 TIMES against limit < 3 mg/lit.
PRE-CHLORINATON DEMAND as high as 134 mg/lit.
which is too high

Excessive chlorination is used to oxidize Ammonia

which is carcinogenic. (Cancer Causing)

Conventional treatment process not suitable to

reduce BOD, NH3 and Nitrate from Yamuna raw
water.

Need for a Biological Treatment Process

 Future Population of Agra
(Census of India 2001)
Persons
3,000,000
2,033,000
2,500,000
Agra 2,909,000
2,000,000
1,260,000
1,500,000

1,000,000

2001 2006 2011 2016 2021 2026 2031 2036

Year
 Water Demand (Agra)
m3/day Raw water demand (No pipe rehabilitation)
800,000
Raw water demand (pipe rehabilitation)
700,000
Total Capacity (New plant +WWI+WWII) 510 MLD
600,000

500,000
Existing Plants (WWI+WWII)
366 MLD
400,000

300,000
Ganga Water
340 MLD
200,000

100,000

0
2006 2011 2016 2021 2026 2031 2036
Year
Availability of Raw Water at Agra

%
Water Ganga Yamuna
additional
Town Year Demand Water Water
Yamuna
(Cusec) (Cusec) (Cusec)
Water

2006 142 140 -- 0%

2011 160 140 20 12%

AGRA
2016 179 140 39 22%

2021 199 140 59 30%

 COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF GANGA &
YAMUNA RIVER WATER QUALITY
Data of Year 2005
Sl. Particular Permissible Ganga Water Yamuna
No. Limit as per at Mathura River at Agra
CPCB & BIS (Mat Branch)
1 pH 6.5 – 8.5 8.75 7.1-8.28
2 Chloride 600 16 264
3 Total Hardness 122 356
4 Total Dissolved Solids 2000 190 250-1420
(TDS)
5 Chlorine Demand - 1.00 23.50
6 DO >4.0 9.60 0-8.4
7 BOD <3.0 0.60 7-26
8 COD <10.0 5.10 27-83
9 TKN (Org N + NH3) - - 2.24-26.5
10 MPN, Index/100 ml <5000 280 23000
Note:- All parameters are in mg/l, except pH and MPN index.
Typical Variation of BOD5 in Yamuna Raw Water
40
Minimum
35
Maximum
30

25
BOD5 mg/L

20

15

10

Month
Raw Water Quality of Yamuna River at Sikandra

Adopted from Agra Jal Sansthan, Sikandra Plant

 Ammonia to Chlorine Demand
160.00

140.00
Actual Cl2 Demand
120.00
Chlorine Demand (mg/L)

100.00

80.00

60.00

40.00

20.00

0.00
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Ammonia (mg/L)
 Product Water Criteria
 Product Water Characteristics :

Parameters Units Design Values

Flow rate MLD 141
pH - 7-8.5
TN mg/L < 10
NH3 mg/L <2 for 95% time
NO3 mg/L <40
BOD5 mg/L <2
Turbidity NTU ≤0.5
TSS mg/L <0.5
True Color Pt/Co Scale ≤5
Total Coliform Counts/100ml 0.0
Total Virus Counts/100ml 0.0
•Reliability and sustainability
•Technical feasibility
•Plant footprint
•Capital cost
•Operational cost

Alternative Technology

Process Options Other Criteria

Conventional Activated Sludge Proven technology

Process
Reliability and
Moving Bed Bio-Reactor sustainability
(MBBR)
Plant footprint
Membrane Bio-Reactor (MBR)
Capital cost
Reverse Osmosis Process (RO)
Operational cost
 144 MLD AWTP Design
 Treatment Processes:

 Pre-Setting Tank - with Tube Setter

 Fine Screen – 5 mm Auto Cleaning Screen

 Moving Bed Bio-Reactor Process

 Membrane Filtration

 Chlorination

 Water Distribution System

WW2B CONSTRUCTION SITE
 144 MLD WATER TREATMENT PLANT AT SIKANDRA

Major Processes and its Use

Pre-settlers to reduce TSS level in downstream processes
Auto Cleaning
to safeguard the downstream processes
Advance Fine Screens
Process MBBR Biological
to reduce ammonia, Nitrate and BOD
Process
Ultra Filtration
to eliminate TSS, bacteria and virus
process
Sludge Treatment to recover water and to avoid waste sludge
Facility discharge to river
Pollution
Waste discharge
Control to discharge waste stream to downstream
routing to the
side of the raw water intake
river
Operational Plant Automation It requires additional instrumentation,
Control using SCADA sensors and actuators
 MBBR Salient Features
 Significantly lower footprint required
 Suitable for high-load applications
 Simple operation
 Low O&M costs
 No sludge re-circulation
 Low sludge yield
 Simultaneous BOD and Nitrogen Removal
 High quality effluent
MBBR for BOD & NH3 Reduction
Typical Configurations of MBBR
for Nitrogen Removal
 144 MLD MBBR Design
Configuration

Feed Ethanol
Effluent
 Biomass Carriers

 Material: HDPE (virgin or recycled)

 Size: 10- 14 mm
 Surface area: 500-1000 m²/m³ of carriers
 Geometry: Highly open external surface

AquaWise BioMass Carrier

 Case Study for Ammonia Removal
MBBR Plant - Israel
NH4-N inlet (mg/l) NH4-N outlet (mg/l)
55

50

45

40
NH4-N conc. [mg/l]

35

30

25

20

15

10

0
07-01-2010

12-01-2010

17-01-2010

22-01-2010

27-01-2010

01-02-2010

06-02-2010

11-02-2010

16-02-2010
Date
Results - MBBR Pilot Plant - Florida

Influent

Design Effluent Concentration

Effluent
MBBR-UF Pilot Plant
MBBR-UF Pilot Plant – Agra WTP
 Membrane Filtration

MBBR Membrane Filters

Secondary
Wastewater

Membrane filters
Filtration size 0.1 to 0.01 microns
TSS in filtrate <0.5 mg/L
Status in India Being considered
Protozoa 0 mg/L
Faecal Coliforms < 2 / 100 ML
Removal of Bacterial Contaminants
 Membrane Contaminant Removal

Giardia Lamblia
&
Na Ion Cryptosporidiu
0.00037 microns m
. Viru
3 to 5 microns

Water s
0.0002 microns
Hemoglobin
0.007 microns 1 micron

Reverse Nano Ultra Micro

Osmosis

0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1.0 10 100

Pore Diameter - microns
 Hollow Fiber Configurations
Immersed
 Open tank configuration,
loosely packed fibers for easier
solids removal
 Low pressure, vacuum-driven
operation
 Simpler scale-up for larger
systems
Pressurized
 More difficult to remove solids
from confined pressure vessels,
tightly packed fibers
 Use higher pressures as
membranes become fouled
 Expensive pressure vessel
required for each unit
 Tertiary Membrane Competition

NORIT Pall Microza Memcor CP Memcor CS (USFilter)

(USFilter)

Dow / Omexell Koch

Hydranautics HydraCAP Trisep Spirasep
Thank You!
 Biological Treatment

Aerobic Treatment (Nitrification)

Biodegradation of Organic compounds (N) by Heterotrophs -
Release of NH3
Nitrification by Autotrophs - Production of Nitrate
High O2 demand – 4.57 g O2/ g N oxidized
Reduction in Alkalinity due to 2H+

Anoxic Treatment (Denitrification)

Low oxygen requirement (O2<0.5 mg/L)
NO3- and NO2- are reduced to N
Growth of denitrifier bacteria (Anammox) is slower than aerobic
nitrifiers
Reduction of total nitrogen
 Design Raw Water Quality of Yamuna River

 Influent Water Characteristics

Influent Data Units Minimum* Maximum # Design ^
Daily influent flow MLD 144 144 144
Total BOD5 mg/L 9.6 58.0 33.8
Insoluble BOD5 mg/L 3.8 23.2 13.5
COD mg/L 32.0 72.0 52.0
TSS mg/L 30 500 100
Ammonia as NH3 mg/L 4.1 45.0 24.5
Nitrate as NO3 mg/L 15.8 35 25.4
Nitrite as NO2 mg/L 1.6 3.5 2.5
Total P mg/L - - 1
Ortho- P mg/L 1
Alkalinity (as CaCO3) 180 320 250
TDS mg/L 350 950 650
Agra 144 MLD Design Philosophy
 Two independent systems –
 MBBR for BOD and N removal
 UF for TSS removal

 Stable and well proven systems

 Total BOD <2 mg/L in product water

 Total Nitrogen <10 mg/L in product water

 Total Coliform – Nil in product water

 Total Virus – Nil in product water

 144 MLD MBBR Design
 1st and 2nd stages – Aerobic
stages for carbon and
Ammonia reduction
 3rd stage – Anoxic stage for
denitrification
 External Carbon Source

 4rd stage – Aerobic stage for

re-aeration to remove excess
COD
Various Option Studied for Meeting Raw
Water Demand

1. Ground Water

2. River Yamuna

3. Water from River Chambal

4. Water from lower Ganga Canal

5. Water from upper Ganga Canal

 POPULATION FORECAST & REQUIREMENT OF RAW WATER

Year Population Water Bulk Total Raw Water Demand

Demand Water Water (10% wastage)
(mld) Demand Demand In MLD In cusec
@(150+15%) (MLD) (MLD)
= 172.50
lpcd
2001 1,259,979 217 67 284 312 126
2006 1,419,980 245 75 320 352 142
2011 1,600,299 276 83 359 395 160
2016 1,803,517 311 91 402 442 179
2021 2,032,540 350 98 448 493 199
2026 2,290,647 395 105 500 550 222
2031 2,581,529 445 112 557 613 248
2036 2,909,350 502 120 622 684 276
 Moving Bed Bio Reactor
RAS

Sludge
Treatment

 Attached growth Biological Process

 Media – Highly advanced Biomass Carriers
 Increased effective surface area
 Unique aeration design
 No need for ML recirculation
Hollow Fiber Configurations
Inside-Out Outside-In

Greater Pre-screening Minimal

More frequent Cleaning Frequency Less frequent
Harsher cleaning to Extent of Cleaning Milder cleaning to
clean fiber interior clean fiber exterior
Irreversible internal Fouling Reversible external fouling,
fouling, longer membrane life
shorter membrane life
MBBR/IFAS Advantages

Small Footprint • Both for new applications and upgrades especially for
tertiary nitrification at lower BOD availability

• Lower amount of civil works needed

Cost Effective (CAPEX • Shorter project life cycle
& OPEX)
• Lower maintenance costs (operation )

• Upgrade existing plants easily

Flexibility &
• Enables gradual expansion – just-in-time investment
Scalability • Deals with inflow peaks

• Improved resistance to hydraulic shock loads

Stability &
• Shorter recovery time after toxic loads
Durability • Extended carriers life time

• Using recycled materials

Environmental
• Less land usage, scenery obstruction and odors
Friendly • Less sludge
 144 MLD MBBR Design Criteria
Parameters Unit Stage-1 Stage-2 Stage-3 Stage-4

Reactor Type Aerobic Aerobic Anoxic Aerobic

Flow rate m3/hr 6790 6790 6790 6790

Nitrification Rate gNH4/m2/d 1.07 1.2 - 0.98

De-Nitrification Rate gNO3-N/m2/d - - 2.5 -

Carrier Fill Ratio % 50-60 50-60 25-35 25-35

Carrier Size mm L x mm D 12 x 12 12 x 12 12 x 12 12 x 12

Hydraulic Retention min 25 21 44 16

COD Requirement gCOD/ gNO3-N - - 2.86 -

 144 MLD MBBR Design Criteria
Parameters Unit Value
Oxygen Requirement gO2/ g NH3-N 4.57
gO2/ g COD 1.0
Bubble Type - Fine
oC
Min. Operating Temp. 15
oC
30
Alpha Factor - 0.75
Beta Factor - 0.98

Oxygen Transfer gO2/m3 Air –m of 16

Efficiency submergence

Air Flow per Diffuser m3/hr 7-10

Total Air Requirement at m3/hr 7068
Max. Temperature