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SCHOOL OF ELEMENTS

Q1. A. Fill in the blanks.

1. The formula of chloride of metal M is MCl2. The metal M belongs to group 2.

2. 18 group in the periodic table contains elements that are all gases at room
temperature.
3. The arrangement of elements in a group of three is known as traids.
4. The law used by Newlands to arrange elements is known as Newlands’ Octaves.
5. The element eka – aluminum in Mendeleev’s periodic table is known as Gallium in
modern periodic table.
6. Elements showing properties of both metals and non – metals are known as
metalloids.

Q1. B. Match the columns.

Column I Column II
1. Sodium a. Lanthanide
2. Cerium b. Metalloid
3. Sulphur c. Transition metal
4. Manganese d. Noble metal
e. Metal
f. Non – metal.

Ans.

Column I Column II
1. Sodium e. Metal
2. Cerium a. Lanthanide
3. Sulphur f. Non – metal
4. Manganese c. Transition metal
b. Metalloid

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Q2. Give scientific reasons.

1. Atomic size increases down the group.

Ans.
i. The atomic numbers of the elements increase as we go down the group. Thus, the
elements placed lower have more electrons.
ii. To accommodate these electrons new shells are added to the atom.
iii. These new shells take the outermost electrons farther from the nucleus causing
atomic size (radius) to increase as we go down the group.

2. Metallic character decreases from left to right in a period.

Ans.
i. Atoms of metals tend to lose electrons, whereas those of non – metals tend to gain
them.
ii. In a period, as we go from left to right, atomic number increases, increasing the
number of electrons and protons.
iii. These additional electrons are placed in the same outer shell and are strongly
attracted towards the positively – charged nucleus.
iv. This strong attraction does not allow loss of electrons, causing metallic character to
decrease from left to right in a period.

3. Elements in the same group show the same valency.

Ans.
i. Valency is the number of electrons given, taken or shared by an atom to complete
its outermost shell.
ii. All the elements in the same group have the same number of electrons in their
outermost shells.
iii. Thus, all these elements take, give or share the same number of electrons.
iv. Hence, elements in the same group show the same valencys.

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Q3. Answer the following

1. How could the modern periodic table remove various anomalies of Mendeleev’s
periodic table?
Ans.
i. A periodic table is a tabular arrangement of elements such that the elements can be
classified on the basis of their common properties.
ii. Properties of elements are related to their electronic configuration which in turn
depends on their atomic numbers.
iii. In the modern periodic table, the elements are arranged in the ascending order of their
atomic numbers such that the elements having similar properties fall in the same group.
iv. This arrangement removed various anomalies of Mendeleev’s periodic table which
depended on atomic masses of the elements.

2. In modern periodic table, which are the metals, non metals and metalloids among the
first 20 elements?
Ans. In the modern periodic table, among the first 20 elements, following are the metals,
non – metals and metalloids.
i. Metals : Lithium, beryllium, sodium, magnesium, Aluminium, potassium, calcium.
ii. Non – Metals: Boron, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine, Phosphorus, Sulphur,
Chlorine.
iii. Metalloids: Silicon.

3. What are the demerits of Mendeleev’s periodic table?

Ans.
i. Mendeleev could not assign a correct position to hydrogen in the periodic table as
hydrogen resembles alkali metals as well as halogens.
ii. Isotopes had to be given the same position in the periodic table though isotopes of
the same elements have different atomic masses.
iii. It was observed that at certain places, an element of higher atomic mass Cobals
(Co=58.93) has been placed before an element of lower atomic mass Nickel (Ni =
58.71).
iv. Some elements placed in the same sub - group vary in their properties. Manganese
is placed with halogens which totally differ in the properties.

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4. Define atomic size. How does it vary in a period and in a group?
Ans.
i. Atomic size is determined by the atomic radius.
ii. For an isolated atom, its atomic radius is the distance between the centre of the
atom (i.e. centre of its nucleus) and its outermost shell.
iii. Generally, in the period, the atomic radius decreases from left to right.
iv. In a group, the atomic radius increases from top to bottom.

Q. 4. Name

1. Three elements having a single electrons in their outermost shell.

Ans. Hydrogen, Lithium, Sodium, Potassium.

2. Three elements with filled outermost shell.

Ans. Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon.

3. Three elements having 7 electrons in their outermost shell.

Ans. Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine.

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY STANDARD X