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    The use of vertical drains and surcharge to accelerate the consolidation of clayey soils is well established in soil improvement technology. An accurate estimate of the ultimate primary settlement is, therefore, required in order to determine the state of consolidation. This research paper presents a comparison of two different observational methods for monitoring the progress of consolidation to determine their similarity and differences.

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    Comparison of the Hyperbolic & Asaoka

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    The use of vertical drains and surcharge to accelerate the consolidation of clayey soils is well established in soil improvement technology. An accurate estimate of the ultimate primary settlement is, therefore, required in order to determine the state of consolidation. This research paper presents a comparison of two different observational methods for monitoring the progress of consolidation to determine their similarity and differences.

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    355 views12 pages

    Comparison of The Hyperbolic & Asaoka

    Uploaded by

    pmzn
    The use of vertical drains and surcharge to accelerate the consolidation of clayey soils is well established in soil improvement technology. An accurate estimate of the ultimate primary settlement is, therefore, required in order to determine the state of consolidation. This research paper presents a comparison of two different observational methods for monitoring the progress of consolidation to determine their similarity and differences.

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    COMPARISON OF THE HYPERBOLIC AND ASAOKA OBSERVATIONAL METHOD OF MONITORING CONSOLIDATION WITH VERTICAL DRAINS ‘Stew-Ave Tia and SocnHoe Cusw AnsTRACT ‘The ue of veil eae and surcharge a acserae he conscsin of clayey sola wel eased in sii ‘ovement echbology. For tls meth of sl teamex, ts mportan o moar the progres of consbdaten ‘there the sverage ders of consoldation fan efned st hea of eurentstlement othe ulate al tel due wo primary consldadon. An acute eximato he late par setemeat hte, ele a ter to determine the state of onsen, an the spropist ime for srcarge removal when he dase degree of eons tas bom scheved Receatly, Tan (1995) propose! a new hyparobe method to est the 60% andthe 90% conaliation tages ‘nom ed Setenent ac det one dimensional consolation. Knowing the steer ches: polls posi ‘o determine the timate primary stement. Onc lint dla hs bas eared oe the Ett potion oF ‘he hypebole lot beewea the ON 1 9% comsliaton ages, he method can be employed. Ths meted has teen raliated ty application to rious wal ocameted cate Mori inthe publabed erate. Tn Japa, however, Asaolestetod for estnatng ultimate primary selement fom el obeevation hs bees widely ed ‘dn well acepted by te goose! engineering comunity. "Ile resech paper presets comparison of wo efter bzersntiona mehods for monitoring the popes of sonoliston to etene hi stay and lencs, abd hal anaracy of predins compare oat obs- ‘atone lst, te theresa! Ds of the ro methods ae examined twas found aa stdement data bed the (ns consolidation sage are needed in both methods o axe accurate pedicions of sina pea setemect ‘Nee, oth methods se applet oedometrInbortory consolidator da for tan spaces in ode to dtr ‘min how prediin of ulate primary seement and Coeiet of conseidation woul compar in al cos ‘toed abaratry expen Pinal, bah metbods ae appl to several wel documented eas hte of eta ‘ras projet, and the feeds of ulimate primary settee and in su coecet of consolidation are com pared mas found tha ot ethos gave good acon with redo, naling them completely ols fr (ein montting consoldation In Seld wppictions. Key words Atoka’ method lye, hyperbolic method, ama primary seulement, verti! dais GC: D4/2) the treated cays before and afte surcharge aplction. inTRopucTion ‘Of these maids the sot widely scoped cere the For rapid improvement of low peashty clayey sel, is common peace instal vet ans tnd ‘pp a sreharge ond oscoeat consoldation ofthe ‘as with bot mete mya horizontal snag potted ‘Brough the closely) spaced vera dais. Svc eth ee avaiable ro monior an erluate the degre ‘fiolimprovenunt cleved. These lde the wont inzof xe pore prewre dsation wih Une, ena. tng the average cee of eomsllation from selene fosnrd, memuring te inrese of undraned set ‘tong andthe increase of presonsfaon pressures in ferns depr= of consolidation aie, deen from setlement records, “The average degree of consolation i ao the average age of sllement, whic Is the rao of earzeat ee Sen tothe inate pmary sctlemant Tn oder dete ‘ie tbe average dese of stlement,eeable estate ‘ofthe nate primary semen! neces. The ural pas eto calculate the pemary consolidtonsetle- Tet based on he iskous of te si ajer wd icone probly properties, togeber nt te eee ip os "entre ean from the surcharge loud Sol rope 5 Sr Leas, Darn of Ct Eng, Nn Use of Sper Ke Ca, Seacr ‘Rein 2 cha yo dae dese een ee a ti are hehy variable howetr, ad een wth the Best ‘eilavestation regen, the sexlenea predions can ‘een varied aad incre when couspared oe a tual observed aetlemest nthe Bld Ie desabe thee fore toate observational procedure, based po Wh ‘he ultimate primary setenent ean be estiated once tuficin coet ata hasbeen ected, THe Ope oll method wish was prepased and reve by Tan (038,194, 1999 ones observational eed, ed ‘he other exalt aod that proposed by Ava {G5t9y, wien eaty Held seemed Ie wed to Dred somplason of primary setenent aad hein ta fecficlat of consoldation. These procedures have & ood theoretical bas, a they hae the stint aden: {Sgoof estimating tbe ulate pinay selene rom theca stent rxord of dein ntltion tose the systems funtoning a teaded inthe dein. “nordef erate the silty a ierencs the those and eppcaons ofthe two methods are com paved ins pape ‘THEORY oF steTHODS Theory of Hyperbole Maho “The hyperbelic meth a proposed by Tan (988) a ‘as eign inthe revanglar hyperbola tng matod proposed by Sridharan eal (981, 1967, whic i a ‘etd for obaaing th nels of consaidtin, from cedoneter tet, by fing laboratory select fn othelen semen ofthe hyperble pac etween the Ue snd Ug pints of thetbeertn T/T, plot, ‘The bai af ts method ishowa ia 1. The Tezaghi theory of consoldation giver ugh selene tine plot In tems of the average degree of consolation int hens factor, UT When the stent Doted a ,/U v8 Tres shown ia Fg 1), the festaze tthe lot ial concvesegneat upto Uno lowed bya near spmeot beween Up tad Uye This ‘tah ine porta can be erated by the eguatin: m, r+8 o hc the uation epcentigacetangularhypecbo- Inrlth ar theslope an asthe intercept of theyper ote plots When lines radaing fom the on are Aran to Ui and Ung tbe slopes ofthese Ens ar aa 1/08 and om=1/039,cespctve The slope of the linen epment Sterne fom 8 et squares eae egrnon wih coefltent 7 patch 09999, t Be fu=0.31,n unique value aplable oly to Terabe aay. eld motoring ofthe consolation of ols, pots of setter () ves tine (7) ave recorded. When ‘ypotseal Bld vcloment dee paced nthe Ferm of H/S vet a8 in Pig. 1), that me setlement ve tne te tbe Tete as he ehcoretal pot are ob- ‘ted, name an il consae pment, flowed ty Ten ngient betwen the 0% ad 50% consoldation ste This featre canbe esanded to enti the 8 a se Een] and 30% consliation tages fo any consltion se. ‘iment data by otng the taloships tat the oper of ner ats fom the oii oth pots ake ith (etna seen ofthe plots. Tus he ope Spa ‘Sy can be determi ® ° het. 816 the slope ofthe nt near seamen of the HB pot, and as the sope of he aera! T/C, ‘7 pitas shown in Fig 1- tothe carer srk by Tan (985, he symbol Instead of wat use, The te ‘bole prefered arte subi" empath {he here! ope considered ithe nal ear see- ext been te cand 50% consoldation tage tf {elope final near segment (3) of he Bld pe ole plots between the 6% and 90%. conoatin ‘agian bs dterne ring eld monitoring of Pets So and Sy an be calculate. BY consactsg thoreradisting Ginetta he et Ear eget of the eld hyperbole pot, the 60% and 9096 seeent Dont cas early Se ee. The ieete oy se fluent can then be estimated as 54/036 or 5/09, ‘where aud dye 60% an 90% ofthe late prin fy meet, Based on Ba. eine raiatng fom ‘eosin tothe i selene pois fn the Pig 1) 8 so beaesed by won0mo8s ® [At the intersection ofthe rtng line wih he fet Ther pment of the ld plot ia Fg 10), os the tine tnd dat soteent ate 6% consolation sae ‘Thus, canal be obaied from Ba.) a5 taal a) wich is 11/088). Tso [0.6 Sila. Sie seguments can be adveneal for the SINE consoldon pola whch leads fo te onion ‘har Ge lima primary settement ean be obtained from ay of the use expressions feb 306709 ° “Te proposed mod is based om theory with insane tancoo losing ine the ain eps tot el ‘doment daa beyond the 60% consoldation age i ot smatvet the are of theiata adn coedtion rong the adn period Is all compared the tin ened for 6% consoldation to exer "fo eed te work to vere dane, Ta (195), ap pied Baron's (95) theory for ada consliation an {Csio' (19) theorem for combine vereal Terzagh) ‘nd Baron ow co peeduce the thoretea ele ‘onesie dat apple fo ves aks. The equ ton red ae ge belo. "The average dearer of consoldation ax function of time ator fr Teragh's hory ofcotsobdatonby r= Ue Hw canbe expesed a 4 for 7 “Tae vaage dare of consoldation fo call const ton by Barron's ther sven by Hansbo (981) for Teel oe om) ted show in Fig. 2. The uae fatres of hee Iparote plots athe inal concave segment, 1 lowed byte fst near segaets between the 9% ant ‘0H cousobéiton sigs, Ae 99% consolidation he uve concave igh upward and ted tvazd coin fence wh the seco near segments whch have lope ‘tue of The vet ofthe seo ner ment ode ‘tesa chimate dere of setlement of 1, which isthe ‘Steal hort ale at 100% primary consoldation. “The loess however, ae diferent foreach of tae ‘vee cuss shown in Fig 2. Fr the Teragh casein Fi. TG) eri 32, or Ge cise shows ing 3, ROWE ihe ease ls tan 082). Tan (985) condecied xen five paramte dis std showed that for voricl ‘aia problems is dependent ony on the ras, #1/D nd fey which te pote in Fig. 1 ecognaed ‘hat the ales obtained fo Pg 1) a3 we ap plese os bomogeneoue ol ayer wih single vale ff ele For any sel problem with muti aye sis, owever anata ofthe average cy aplable Tor ‘hevolsat he se woud be regu nord ous he (ita from Fe For any praca verol ran problen, aca be ob tale om lg. 3. The ope ofthe fist ner sent Of 1/6 ve ¢ lt, can be Obalned once Oe Talal here dain sasng eat, D/dj Dede ofan ‘envlen: oelnder uence by each rin, web ‘tulip fora oquae pater and 0s for nian. Jar pera (eda spacing) and darter of sand {tao or esuvalant damser of prefabricated fesble ‘rain, for wheb.Hansbo (981) recommended thal atti “The averse dere for combined vr and ral considnon can by cbse! fom Carles acres api: Usi-u-ux1-09 © Using Bae. (9 to (the teaceal selmen ime foc ny etal rs problem cx Be computed ea ‘oaleuah ono straight le pat canbe observed beyond the 6% on “aliation tape. With a 2085 determined, Sad Sw ‘computed from Bes.) and @), and theo rd es {fom the ogi enriches ape oer the ‘st nea seman of th fed hyperbole pot the 0% fd extended othe 90% consoldation pols Ts my nd dyn be eat, and telat primacy ste ‘ent an be computed from Ea, (9. ‘Since thir proseore ano ener chee for M6 ‘ad 90% consoldation (4 abt) forthe combined ‘ow conoldaton inthe Vereal ras Stem, pos te wo ena the ros average insite Del consi Hon county smuming tha he vale of (om Iaboratory onder tes on Moh quality undstarbed fd samples Is Enows. For the vera dain cae, U, lately exced 0h Theor, with abd {or the combined Sow inca, U, canbe calelted frost (6), Using Cero’ theorem of Eq. (8), Ue atthe (ie aoe tgcan because since U'=0.60"09. Rea ‘ging Ea), the vals of coespondng fot ‘ne Bet as aD" =v) oe a) ‘Theory of Asgokas Method 1a 1978, Aseoks proposed an “beerationalyroce- sare" Ia ble ely Setlenen: data can be ud 10 predict the ulnte prinery stllmert and ska ‘eet of conidaton fr one dimensional conga ‘tion, The metho is bxominsineeainay popu be. use of Ks simply abd lnk of requed for deaed ‘Stn and ldboratory tesng > done Sl pope {sor forthe mentoring of fld pore presse behavior. ‘The Ass thd bse on he feta one nen sional consist satiety Jy de. 0, ‘Be 24 te, canbeespresed aa st ode appre. ton bx: Smet: eo) whic epesns esa lise indy vs known as the Asoka’ plot where othe recep and isthe ‘ope of he ne Whe te ulnate pray seen arose reched,J.=5, dy Hence of pin 5 o lt pinay Stleeat Js given DY a “The number of tne nereents for 99% onsoiation, cS 0 or einsting the inst coeBient of eomotidton, Magaas aed Deroy (980) determined tat for vest rings ony, the sat an Be sted by for 7302 « s a a8 for rial rinse ony tl canbe esimated te Bato a0 AD? wy “Toctaate what he appropeas range of selement dst wold for eat gare inet retession 6 dtr= ‘ine and the Asap, tht Wau ge so at estimates of eo of primary etenet na. , the Teese ehaoryaetllment Ie used fr Hine nee iments 7, of 1, 0.085 and 0.05 sing Ba. (2). ‘here are pote ie the Asoka form of Ue vs Ue Fig. 4, Least squires tinear eres sed onthe ot % oa 04 08 08 7% 72 Us cA et Tm Uf iin "ke te og anno a iif ol o bt aot mad est sna a poeta fon Te Bop thetrtalestesind diet to deermine nd fy fo the data range of Ute ny Us 10 Uns ad Clg tip for tho thee tine incenens “Thee ae shown in Tab tgs withthe pesos eaten, andthe computed sig 4. (1), a com ted ung Bg (11. Te nas ves for bth and Sur The es showed that wing ery setienent “ea ne coke plot rom 0 030% conse ‘ion, would sve very low esinates of Bur and gros ov ‘Sates of ey ith inprovig estimates Tor pr ene increments Using the data rae fam 0% 0 60% ‘oldtion showed auch beter etna, dy bowser sll underestinated by about 10%, with, overestimated by about 50%, Only repesson wih stlemene dara Se ‘Yon 686 consolidaon, determine the exact als for “Thisconclsion wat ruppried bythe work of Berd 1 (99, wh Found that applying Asaoksmetbod to tht et ial with vr drain in Banghok, iad {ated thatthe acute relton of inst coeticct of onoldaon won obtained wen yas termined ‘sg data bepoud 60% conaidaton, Roth he yperbol- {rand Arsoka's method therefore requ date beyond (ox conoid for accurate prediion of setenent She ints comin of cassia. ‘COMPARISON USING LABORATORY SeDOMETER DATA all tal. (991 reported that the accuracy of te Assos’ obuervationl methods suongiy dependent on ‘he soso tine increments ed. They sumed a forrensonablepedions nly, the chose ite ine ‘ent shou ie (babe of Une tps reach te 459 conslton tgs) vase bebvesn 10 ar 30 They ‘lop deter tha he thod produces bila pos {or peat and is apn to pest tere Mey ‘storable, Tay be expected a setTement ape! [Sarge a secondary compresion phenomena at com ag esfecive srs netted tthe consolation os ‘Ss. To chek this dependenc om tne increment 2 ied wit ach oa ape for 2¢ ours. The seamen fae eas eotded lector every 10s eee in ‘onder permit Asoka’ eld io be apple for Ya ‘us dime netemets of 47=10, 2,30, 0a 505, The ‘ppl Atco pot fo the oad step of 2ta 4 Paw fe time incense shown Sn Fig 5. Using a lest "uacs nar represion onthe pot for dra beeen ths aM and 90% sonniton mae, he vals of By $d ere obtained ith rgreson content geet ‘and 935, and be conesponing Valu of 250g puted frou Bas. 1 co 13), with the rv aber Inte in Tle 2. Alhoush the Yale of ad rte

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