OFDM with pulse shaping

Gang LIN
Department of Electronics and telecommunications
August 26, 2004

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 Traditional Frequency Division
Multiplex (FDM)
• Sub-channels are completely separated in
frequency

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 Orthogonal Frequency Division
Multiplex (OFDM)
• There exists intersection between sub-channels but
sub-channels are orthogonal to each other.

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 Why we use OFDM in wireless channel?

• OFDM is much more robust in wireless fading

channel than single carrier system

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 Two main categories of OFDM

• OFDM/QAM with guard interval:

- The most common type of OFDM
- Used in ADSL, DVB, IEEE 802.11, etc.
• OFDM/OQAM with pulse shaping:
- Improved power and bandwidth efficiency
- Lower side lobes in frequency domain

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 OFDM/QAM with guard interval

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 Guard interval to eliminate ISI in
OFDM/QAM

If the maximum delay of multi-path channel is less

than the guard interval , there will be no inter-
symbol interference (ISI) and inter-channel
interference (ICI); The guard interval can be
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implemented by inserting cyclic prefix or suffix.
 Efficient scheme for OFDM/QAM
based on DFT

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 Some characteristics of OFDM/QAM

• The DFT based scheme has low complexity;

• The receiver pulse is not matched with transmitter
pulse. SNR loss:
∆
SNRloss = 10 log(1 + )
T
• The guard interval will reduce the information rate:

BWloss = 1 (1 + ∆ T )

• Usually, ∆ = 0.2T
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 Basic block diagram of OFDM/OQAM

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 Pulse design for OFDM/OQAM
Principles for the design of pulse:
- Zero ISI and ICI
- Concentrated in time and/or frequency
Example:
(1) Square root raised cosine pulse with a roll off factor less
than 1, which is strictly band limited to [-1/T,1/T];
(2) Optimal finite duration pulses with maximum energy
concentration in [-1/T,1/T].

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 Modulator of OFDM/OQAM based on DFT

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 Demodulator of OFDM/OQAM based on DFT

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 Equalization for OFDM/OQAM
• OFDM/OQAM need equalizer in multi-path
channel;
• If the equalizer eliminates ISI, then ICI is also
eliminated;
• If the number of sub-channel is large enough, the
channel can be viewed as flat fading. Then a one-
tap equalizer is sufficient.

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 A rough Comparison of OFDM/QAM
and OFDM/OQAM

OFDM/QAM OFDM/OQAM

Total computations 5 N (log 2 N − 1) 4 P + 5 N (log 2 N − 1)

per complex
(Cariolano’
s scheme)
symbol period
Equalizer One-tap equalizer Yes
Information rate No reduction
1 (1 + ∆ T )
reduction
SNR loss (dB) ∆
10 log(1 + ) 0
T
P : the length of shaping pulse with respect to
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an over sampling interval T/N
 Work done so far

• Implementation of OFDM/OQAM;
• Equalization for OFDM/OQAM over multi-path
fading channel;
• Design of pulses robust to carrier frequency offset.

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 Future research

• Synchronization;
- Timing and frequency offset estimation
- Joint timing and frequency offset and channel estimation

• A comparison of OFDM/QAM and

OFDM/OQAM;
• Wireless MIMO system based on OFDM/OQAM.

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