OP-amp

WHAT IS AN OP-AMP
1) Earlier, you have learnt about the voltage amplifier
using the transistor. It uses many other components
such as coupling bypass capacitors, biasing resistors
etc.
2) In order to get higher voltage gain we will have to
use more than one such amplifier together
3)All this will make the circuit very bulky. So instead of using such discrete amplifiers people started using the amplifier in the IC
form.

Why is it called OP-AMP

1)The term OP-AMP was first used by John R. Ragazzini in 1947.
2)He used it to denote an amplifier which could be configured to perform a variety
of operation such as amplification ,addition subtraction, differentiation and integration
3)Hence the name operational amplifiers during the initial days OP-AMP were being extensively use in the analog
computers.
4)OP-AMP is basically a multi stage amplifier which uses a numbers of amplifier stages in interconnected to each other in a
complicated manner
5)these internal amplifiers use transistor or FET as an amplifying device
all thes internal circuit with many transistors , FET”s ,resistor will occupy a space equivalent to a pin head.

IMPORTANCE OF OPAMP
1)Electronics field has many branches and each branch has it own amplification
2) various branches of electronics are :industrial electronics ,instrumentation power etc.
3)various electronics circuits used in the application of these branches are amplifiers, waveform generators,
timer ,various asthmatic ckt .such as adder , subtract , multipliers etc.
4)one electronics device which can be used to construct all the circuits mentioned above is called an OP-
AMP. This is importance of an OP-AMP.

AN IDEAL OP - AMP
 Gain--infinite
 Input impedance--infinite
 Output impedance--zero
 Bandwidth--infinite
 Voltage out--zero (when vtg into each other are equal)
 Current entering the amp at either terminal --extremely small

PIN Configuration

Equivalent ckt of an op-amp

I/P stage

 Dual i/P balance o/p diff.ampr

 It has two i/p i.e inverting & non- inverting terminal
 It provide the most of vtg gain to an ampr
  it drives i/p impedance of op-amp

Intermediate stage
 Dual i/P unbalance o/p diff.ampr.
 I/p of this stage is o/p of the pervious stage
 It has signal ended o/p
 It provide additional gain

Level shifting stage

 It is a emitter follower ckt
 It is use to shift the level to DC zero level
 As there is no coupling device in first two stage so the level is shifted

O/P stage
 Complementary symmetry ,push –pull ampr
 In this stage current capability is increased
 O/P impendence can drive by this stage
O/P signals of OP-amp

1 inverting o/p
2 non – inverting o/p

APPLICATION OF OP-AMP
1)Amplifiers
2)Active filters
3)asthmatic ckt
4)Log and antilog amplifier
5)voltage comparators
6)waveform generators
7)precision rectifiers
8)multipliers
9)timers
10)regulated power supplies