Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1 Blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart to the body Aorta
A type of drug that works by reducing the tendency of blood to form clots.
3 Anticoagulant
Warfarin is an example of this type of drug
Carried out around 15-17 weeks of pregnancy, with a risk of between 0.5 – 1%
4 of causing a miscarriage, this is a technique used to sample cells from the Amniocentesis
foetus by inserting a needle into the fluid surrounding it
Chest pain when heart muscle does not receive enough oxygen, due to
5 Angina
narrowing of coronary arteries
The disease process that leads to coronary heart disease and ischaemic
9 Atherosclerosis
stroke
10 These open when atrial pressure exceeds ventricular pressure Atrio-ventricular valves
Deposit on arterial wall, mainly composed of cholesterol, which has not yet had
13 Atheroma
a build up of calcium salts or fibrous tissue
14 What heart muscle is forced to do when insufficient oxygen is available Anaerobic respiration
Molecules that span the cell membrane. They have water-filled pores. They
2 have a specific shape so only molecules / ions with matching shapes can pass. Channel proteins
Some of the pores can be opened or closed
The channel protein that allows diffusion of chloride ions out of an epithelial
3 cell in the lungs – when it is defective (due to a gene mutation) extra-sticky CFTR
mucus forms and cystic fibrosis results
Hair-like extensions of the cell membrane in cells lining the airways, that help
5 Cilia
keep microbes / dust / particles out of the lungs
Cardiovascular disease /
6 Diseases of the heart and circulation
CVD
Scientists look for links between various factors that might cause a disease
9 Correlation
and the incidence of the disease i.e. they look for a ……………..
Proteins within cell membranes that have specifically shaped binding sites for
11 Carrier proteins / carriers
ions or molecules that are required to cross membranes
The 5 carbon sugar that makes up DNA (along with a phosphate group and an
15 Deoxyribose
organic base)
16 One of the two main forms of cardiovascular disease, the other being stroke Coronary heart disease
19 hydrogen bonding between water molecules is the result of the molecules ..... Dipole nature
20 Blue dye used to determine concentration of vitamin C in food and drink DCPIP
1 Name given to current model of the structure of the unit (cell) membrane Fluid mosaic (model)
2 Replacement of a faulty allele of a gene with a normal allele of the gene Gene therapy
One of the first steps (involving cells) in the course of events leading to
3 Endothelial damage
atherosclerosis
During blood clotting, insoluble fibrin protein is made from this soluble plasma
4 Fibrinogen
protein
Sequence of triplet bases in DNA determining which amino acids are linked
6 Genetic code
and in which order is known as this
Biological catalysts that can be immobilised for industrial use, thus allowing
9 higher temperatures to be used for some reactions and / or the product to Enzymes
become less contaminated
These surfaces in mammalian lungs have large surface to volume ratios, are
10 Gas exchange
thin and have a high concentration difference across them
11 The characteristic caused by this, i.e. its observable effect, is the phenotype Genotype
Factors that increase the risk of CVD include genetic, diet, age, high blood
13 Gender
pressure and smoking. Another factor is ………
A type of gene therapy that is not currently permitted in the UK as it could alter
14 Germ line therapy
the genetic content of every cell in the body
An example of this: when DNA replicates, an incorrect base may slip into
15 Gene mutation
place
These are formed when substrate molecules form temporary bonds with the Enzyme-substrate
17
amino acids of the active site complexes
The ratio of these to another type of lipoprotein have a lot of HDL / high density
2
significance for health (these are the ‘good guys’) lipoproteins
4 This results when not enough blood gets to the brain Ischaemic stroke
7 This occurs when a blood vessel supplying blood to the brain bursts Haemorrhagic stroke
1
Unit for measuring energy Joule
0
1
The process that converts lactose into glucose and galactose Hydrolysis
3
1 A factor that is a risk factor for heart disease; the majority of adults in
Inactivity
4 the UK claim that they lack the time to counteract this factor
A statement that assumes (for the sake of the argument) that there will be no
2 difference between an experimental group and a control group and then Null hypothesis
testing this statement using statistical analysis
Often calculated to help with risk assessment. It is essential that figures like
3 this are accurate, dated, and specific with regard to country. Often the cause, Mortality rates
such as a specific disease, is given.
These carry more cholesterol than the other kind, so this affects their density.
6 They are formed from saturated fats and can overload membrane receptors Low-density lipoproteins
resulting in high levels of blood cholesterol
7 Missing bases, incorrect bases and swapped bases in DNA can all lead to this Mutation
Mendel investigated the colour and shape of peas produced by pea plants.
9 Morphology
The structure of something that includes its shape is known as its ………
10 Gene therapy and genetic screening both raise ethical and …………….. Moral issues
Some animal groups have this system, in which the blood circulates in large, Open circulatory
11
open spaces (system)
12 The rate at which reactions in the body take place Metabolic rate
14 Product of anaerobic respiration that causes the pain of angina Lactic acid
Found on the inner wall of an artery, this hard swelling reduces the elasticity of
1 arteries. It causes arteries to narrow and can lead to an increase in blood Plaque
pressure
The sequence of amino acids which determines the final (tertiary) shape of a
3 Primary structure
protein
A soluble plasma protein that is converted into an enzyme that catalyses the
5 conversion of soluble fibrinogen to insoluble fibrin in a series of cascade Prothrombin
reactions……the end result being a blood clot
9 Term used to describe how DNA copies itself (also used for viral multiplication) Replication
Cystic fibrosis impairs the functioning of the gas exchange system, the
12 Reproductive system
digestive system and this system
13 Can be felt where an artery passes over a bone close to the skin Pulse
Type of circulation found in fish, where the blood only flows through the heart
2 Single
once for each complete circuit of the body
Process that starts with mRNA codons and ends with linked chain of amino
3 Translation
acids
Contraction of the heart, forcing blood out at high pressure. May be used to
4 Systole
describe just the contraction of the ventricles, unless qualified.
The complicated series of reactions that leads to clotting starts with the
6 release of this substance that catalyses the conversion of prothrombin to Thromboplastin
thrombin
Semi-conservative
8 Process of making two molecules of DNA from one molecule of DNA
replication
Type of very flat, epithelial cells found lining alveoli – otherwise called
15 Squamous
pavement epithelia
The genetic code is this type of code, whereby 3 bases code for one amino
16 Triplet
acid
There is a tendency to do this with risks, if they have an effect in the long-term
1 Underestimate
future, even if that effect is severe
Rate of diffusion, at gas exchange surfaces, is inversely proportional to this, Thickness of gas
7
as described by Fick’s Law exchange surface
The mucus of cystic fibrosis sufferers is stickier than usual as it contains less
8 Water
of this substance
DNA is said to have done this when the two strands have unwound and the
9 Unzipped
hydrogen bonds between the organic bases have broken
13 The major blood vessel carrying blood from the body to the heart Vena cava
14 Contraction of the heart forcing blood out into the arteries Ventricular systole
15 Small blood vessels that carry blood from capillaries towards the heart Venules