Mariana Lizeth Morata Leon

00224863 Life Science

The Human Body

Cell, Tissues, and Organs

Multi cellular Organisms- cells that depend on each other.

Tissues – Cells that have the same job(made of similar cells)
Organs – Grouped Tissues
Organ System – Organs that work together to do a certain job.

Skin

Skin – Organ made of different kind of tissues (Protect form viruses,

and maintain the body temperature)
Epidermis – Outside skin layer(Prevent pathogens from entering to
the body). The cells in this layer are dead.
Dermis – Layer under the Epidermis. Made of only living cells.
Sweat – Watery liquid that cools the body.
Pore – Opening in the skin where the sweat moves through.
Oil Glands – Help keep your skin and hair smooth and soft.
Pimples – Small bumps
Sunburn – Caused by the energy in certain kinds of light

Bones

Skeleton - 206 bones in it. Gives your body shape, helps your body to
move and to protect your organs.
Bones – Made of living cells, minerals(Calcium).
Joint – Place where two bones comes together.
Fracture – Break in the bone.
Spongy Bone – Layer of a bone.
Marrow – Soft substance that Fills the Spongy Bone.

Cranium – In the head

Scapula – Back Shoulders
Clavicle – Front Shoulders
Sternum – Chest
Humerus – Upper Arm
Radius – Little Finger Side
Ulna – Big Finger side
Spinal Column – Column
Pelvis – Hip
Femur – Upper Leg
Patella – Kneecap
Tibia – Front lower leg
Fibula – Side Lower leg

Muscles
Muscle - Masses of though, elastic tissue, that pull our bones to move.
Tendon – Connection of a muscle to a bone
Ligament – Mass That connect bones to each other
Cardiac Muscle - Muscle tissue in the hearth
Skeletal Muscle – Muscle tissue connected to bones
Involuntary Muscle – Muscle that its not controllable
Voluntary Muscle – Muscle that you can control.
Hinge Joints – Joints that allow movements in one direction (knees,
and elbows).
Pivot Joints – Joints that allow rotating or twisting motion (head).
Ball-and-socket Joints – allow freedom movement (hips, shoulders).
Smooth Muscle - Muscle tissue that lines the organs
Flexion – Angle of the joint is smaller
Extension – Angle of the joint is bigger

Trapezius – Back neck

Deltoids – Shoulder
Pectorals – Chest
Latissimus Dorsi – Back
Abdominal – Stomach
Obliques – Side of the Abdominal
Bicep – Front Upper Arm
Triceps – Back Upper Arm
Extensor – Lower Arm
Gluteus Maximus – Bum
Quadricep – Front Upper Leg
Hamstrings – Back Upper Leg
Gastrocnemius – Back Lower Leg
Peroneus – Front Lower Leg
Soleus – Sides of the leg

Digestion & Excretion

Nutrients

Nutrients – Substances that your body needs

Carbohydrates – Source of energy
Proteins – Make cell parts and speed chemical reactions
Minerals – Not made in living things. Chemical reactions
Calcium – Bones to grow and muscles to contract (Milk )
Iron – Allows red blood cells to carry oxygen (Liver, Dark-green
vegetables)
Sodium – Water balanced in cells (Salt, Ham, and Cheese)
Lipids – Fats
Vitamin – Chemical Reactions
Vitamin A – Eyes and Skin. (Carrot)
Vitamin C – Healing Cuts. (Orange)
Vitamin B12 – Making red blood cells. (Vegetables)
Vitamin D – Strong Bones and teeth. (Tuna, Eggs)
Food Pyramid – Shows kinds and amounts of food you should eat
every day.

The Digestive System

Digestion – Breaking down food

Saliva – Liquid that makes the food wet and easier to swallow.
Catalysts (Digestive Enzymes) – speeds chemical reactions in the
mouth
Digestive Enzymes – Break down carbohydrates into sugar
Villi – finger like folds (filled with capillaries)
Feces – Solid wastes
Liver – Produces Billie
Gall Bladder – Stores Billie until digestion
Pancreas – Produces digestives juices
Rectum – Holds solid wastes
Salivary Glands – Produce juices in the mouth

Mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
Small Intestine
Large Intestine
Rectum
Anus

The Excretory System

Nephrons –Structures in the kidneys that clean the blood.

Urine – yellow liquid wastes
Bladder – Where the urine is stored

Kidneys
Ureters
Bladder
Urethra