Canadian Association for the Study of International Development

CASID/ACÉDI Association Canadienne d’études du développement international

2010 Conference 2010

Development in a New World Order

Le développement dans un nouvel ordre mondial

○○○○○○○ C o n c o r d i a U n i v e r s i t y ○○○ M o n t r e a l ○○○ M a y 3 1 s t – J u n e 2 n d ○○○○○○○

CASID 2010 ACÉDI

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Summary
A Message from the CASID President .................................................................................................5, 6
Welcome from the Conference Chair ...................................................................................................7, 8
Message of thanks ...................................................................................................................................9
BANQUET ..............................................................................................................................................64
General Assembly, Cocktail and Book Launch.......................................................................................43
Index of participants .............................................................................................................................101

CASID Panels
Panel 1 - Frontiers of Development I......................................................................................................11
Panel 2 - Gender & Development Issues in Africa..................................................................................13
Panel 3 - Polanyi-Levitt Prize Finalists ...................................................................................................14
Panel 4 - Le GRIOT : lieu de création de savoirs ...................................................................................14
Panel 5 - Geopolitics of Hunger..............................................................................................................17
Panel 6 - Keynote speaker Women’s studies society.............................................................................18
Panel 7 - Frontiers of Development II.....................................................................................................19
Panel 8 - Environmental governance and justice in development ..........................................................21
Panel 9 - Comparing the Perceptions of Teachers and Students on Education Reforms ......................22
Panel 10 - Les enjeux actuels de la coopération internationale..............................................................24
Panel 11 - Learning from the ground up.................................................................................................26
Panel 12 - Putting Culture in Development.............................................................................................28
Panel 13 - Sustainable development in the post-Copenhagen era.........................................................30
Panel 14 - Gender & Livelihood issues...................................................................................................31
Panel 15 - Griot: Commentaires et rétroaction selon trois axes d’analyse .............................................33
Panel 16 - Education, development and globalization............................................................................33
Panel 17 - Climate change in Bangladesh..............................................................................................35
Panel 18 - Lessons from 2 HD models; Kerala and Cuba ......................................................................36
Panel 19 - Gender and Environment ......................................................................................................37
Panel 20 - Development and the business sector ..................................................................................39
Panel 21 - GRIOT Conclusions ..............................................................................................................40
Panel 22 - Local, indigenous identities, land and nature resource defence strategies ...........................41
Panel 23 - Gender and Development in Central Asia.............................................................................45
Panel 24 - Security & Development in Fragile States.............................................................................46
Panel 25 - Water & Development Issues................................................................................................48
Panel 26 - Development theories and models in Latin America .............................................................49
Panel 27 - Développement, l'environnement & les OMD en Afrique ......................................................51
Panel 28 - Keynote Speaker...................................................................................................................53
Panel 29 - Development and Communication ........................................................................................54
Panel 30 - Round table on Haiti 1...........................................................................................................55
Panel 31 - Speaker from the South ........................................................................................................56
Panel 32 - Canadian NGOs & Development in Africa.............................................................................57
Panel 33 - Round Table on Haiti 2..........................................................................................................59
Panel 34 - Grassroots environmental initiatives in Brazil, Indonesia & Cameroon .................................59
Panel 35 - Pathways out of Rural Poverty ..............................................................................................61
Panel 36 - Creating Global Citizens........................................................................................................62

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Panel 37 - Food security and community development in Northern Manitoba .......................................63

Panel 38 - CIDA and aid effectiveness ...................................................................................................66
Panel 39 - Indigenous Issues in Latin America.......................................................................................68
Panel 40 - Critical analyses of development & globalization ..................................................................70
Panel 41 - Education & Development in Africa.......................................................................................71
Panel 42 - Rural issues in Development.................................................................................................72
Panel 43 - Human rights, international law and justice...........................................................................73
Panel 44 - CIDA in Practice : recent record and what next?...................................................................75
Panel 45 - Peace building & Development .............................................................................................77
Panel 46 - Legacies of the Slave Plantation ...........................................................................................79
Panel 47 - Ruling and development strategies in Southeast Asia and the Caribbean............................80
Panel 48 - French Keynote Speaker.......................................................................................................83
Panel 49 - Aid Effectiveness...................................................................................................................85
Panel 50 - Development in Venezuela ...................................................................................................86
Panel 51 - Participation, development and governance .........................................................................88
Panel 52 - Community and Family in Development................................................................................89
Panel 53 - African International Relations ..............................................................................................91
Panel 54 - Critical analysis of development............................................................................................92
Panel 56 - Beyond development and globalization.................................................................................93
Panel 56 - Micro-economic issues in development.................................................................................95
Panel 57 - Development in Afghanistan .................................................................................................96
Panel 58 - Doctoral Studies in IDS .........................................................................................................97
Panel 59 - Doctoral Studies in IDS .........................................................................................................99

Development Forums
1) The reconstruction of Haiti
2) Pathways out of Poverty
3) Groupe de Recherche Interdisciplinaire pour l'Intervention,
l'Organisation et le Transfert en développement international (GRIOT)
4) Doctoral Studies in IDS

Joint Panels
1) Cynthia Enloe - Women's Studies
2) Climate Change in Bangladesh - ESAC
3) Reconstruction of Haiti - CALACS
4) Human Rights, International law and justice - Law and Society
5) Structures of Power in Early 20th Century in Latin America - CALACS
6) Legacies of the Slave Plantations - CALACS
7) Open Access : Transforming Research in the Developing World – Concordia University
8) Jean-Pierre Olivier de Sardan - CASCA

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CASID 2010 ACÉDI

A Message from the CASID President

It is a great pleasure, on behalf of the CASID Executive, to welcome you all to our 26th annual
conference at Concordia University.

In particular I would like to welcome our speakers, notably our Keynote Speakers, Jean-Pierre
Olivier de Sardan, Directeur de recherche émérite au CNRS; Camilla Toulmin, Director of the
International Institute for Environment & Development (IIED); and Bina Agarwal, Director and
Professor at the Institute of Economic Growth, Delhi University.

I invite everyone to take full advantage of the rich conference program that provides CASID
members, both faculty, students and practitioners in the field, to report on their research, discuss
findings and exchange ideas with colleagues from across the country. There are numerous
panels and sessions of particular and general interest to members, but might I draw particular
attention to a panel featuring the work and latest publication of Kari Polanyi Levitt, Professor
Emeritus at McGill University and one of our most distinguished founding members. In addition I
would like to draw your attention to the panel on Canadian initiatives regarding interuniversity
cooperation in regard to establishing academic programs in IDS leading to the doctoral degree.
The panel will report on the proceedings of a recent workshop hosted by SGSID at the University
of Ottawa and funded by IDRC, which has provided significant support to CASID over the years.
There is also a panel on the Canadian Journal for Studies in International Development, for those
who might be interested in hearing firsthand about recent developments surrounding our journal,
which we propose to place among the most prestigious in the field worldwide. We are also very
pleased to have with us many graduate and undergraduate students of international
development whom each year organize their own Insight conference in parallel with the CASID
meetings.

Besides thanking IDRC, the Canadian Federation for the Humanities and Social Sciences and
Concordia University for their financial support, please join me in thanking our Conference
Coordinator, Charmain Levy, and her team for all their dedication and hard work.

Finally, I would like to invite all members to join us at the Annual General Meeting on the evening
May 31 where the affairs of the Association are decided on and where Kari Levitt’s book and
recently published books of other members will be launched. And also please join us on the
evening of June 1st at the CASID Banquet where, in addition to good food, conviviality and music
we have an opportunity to celebrate this year’s Kari Polanyi-Levitt prizewinner.

Henry Veltmeyer
CASID President

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Message du président de l’ACÉDI

C’est avec un immense plaisir, au nom du comité exécutif de l’ACÉDI, que je vous souhaite à tous et
à toutes la bienvenue à notre 26e conférence annuelle à l’Université Concordia.

Plus particulièrement, j’aimerais dire bienvenue à nos conférenciers, surtout nos conférenciers de
marque, Jean-Pierre Olivier de Sardan, directeur de recherche émérite au CNRS; Camilla Toulmin,
directrice de l’Institut international pour l’environnement et le développement (IIED); et Bina Agarwal,
directrice et professeure à l’Institut de croissance économique, Université de Delhi.

J’invite chacun et chacune à tirer pleinement profit du vaste programme de conférence qui permet
aux membres de l’ACÉDI (professeurs, étudiants ou praticiens dans le domaine) de faire état de
leurs recherches, de discuter des résultats et d’échanger des idées avec les collègues à l’échelle du
pays. Il y a de nombreux groupes d’experts et sessions d’un intérêt particulier ou général pour les
membres, mais pourrais-je porter votre attention particulière à un groupe d’experts mettant à
l’honneur les travaux et la plus récente publication de Kari Polanyi Levitt, professeure émérite à
l’Université McGill et l’une de nos plus éminentes membres fondatrices. En outre, je tiens à porter
votre attention au groupe d’experts sur les initiatives canadiennes touchant la coopération
interuniversités en vue de l’instauration de programmes pédagogiques en études du développement
international menant à un diplôme de doctorat. Le groupe d’experts fera état des actes d’un atelier
récent organisé par la SGSID à l’Université d’Ottawa et subventionné par le Centre de recherches
pour le développement international (CRDI), qui a fourni une aide importante à l’ACÉDI au fil des
ans. On trouve également un groupe d’experts sur la Revue canadienne d’études en développement
international, pour ceux et celles qui seraient intéressés à entendre de première bouche des
nouvelles des derniers développements entourant notre revue, que nous proposons d’élever au rang
des plus prestigieuses dans le domaine à l’échelle du globe. Nous sommes également très heureux
de compter parmi nous un grand nombre d’étudiants des cycles supérieurs et du premier cycle en
développement international qui, chaque année, organisent leur propre conférence InSight
parallèlement aux réunions de l’ACÉDI.

En plus de remercier le CRDI, la Fédération canadienne des sciences humaines et l’Université

Concordia de leur appui financier, veuillez vous joindre à moi pour remercier notre coordinatrice de
conférence, Charmain Levy, et son équipe de leur dévouement et de leur travail acharné.

Enfin, j’aimerais inviter tous les membres à se joindre à nous lors de l’Assemblée générale annuelle
au cours de la soirée du 31 mai, où on décidera des affaires de l’Association et du lieu de lancement
du livre de Kari Levitt et des autres ouvrages récemment publiés des autres membres. Veuillez
également vous joindre à nous le soir du 1er juin au Banquet de l’ACÉDI où, en plus des délices
culinaires, de la convivialité et de la musique, nous aurons l’occasion de célébrer le lauréat du prix
Kari Polanyi-Levitt de cette année.

Henry Veltmeyer
Président de l’ACÉDI

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CASID 2010 ACÉDI

Welcome from the Conference Chair

It is my great pleasure to welcome you to this year’s CASID conference in Montreal. This year’s
theme is “Development in a new world order” and many panels reflect on the characteristics of this
world order, the role of both old and new actors, the winners and losers of globalization, as well as
solutions to both recurring and emerging development issues.

I am especially proud of this year’s conference as we have three renowned international keynote
speakers informing us on issues around climate change, gender and forest conservation and
governance. Another important aspect of this year’s conference is the amount of joint and cross
society panels. This year we organized panels with the Canadian Anthropology Association, Law and
Society, Women’s Studies, CALACS and Environmental Studies.

In addition to the high quality of subjects and speakers in our numerous panels, CASID also offers its
delegates four different Development Forums: 1) The reconstruction of Haiti; 2) Pathways out of
Poverty; 3) Groupe de recherche riterdisciplinaire pour l'intervention, l'organisation et le transfert en
développement international (GRIOT): lieu de création de savoirs; 4) Doctoral Studies in IDS. All of
these forums will result in a short, issue-oriented publication, by experts but for the general public.

This is my final year as Conference Chair and I would like to thank all of those who helped me in its
organization. Diane Pichette and James Gaede were very helpful dealing with many membership and
conference issues. I would also like to thank Jamie Robinson and Eleonore Gauthier for their efforts
as Local Arrangement Coordinators; Maurilio Galdino for his efforts as graphic designer of the CASID
conference program and my students Elise Landriault-Dupont and Margarita Rodriguez for their help
communicating with delegates. I would also like to thank the CASID colleagues who helped out with
their time and experience in evaluating panel and paper proposals and Kari Polanyi-Levitt Prize
Competition Papers.

I would finally like to thank our three keynote speakers, Camilla Toulmin, Bina Agarwal and Jean-
Pierre Olivier de Sardan for graciously accepting to travel many hours and participate in our annual
conference.

I would like to welcome the undergraduate student delegates of the Insight conference which takes
place concurrently with the CASID conference and congratulate the organizers of this conference.

Lastly, I would like to welcome next year’s CASID conference chair, Larry Swatuk of the University of
Waterloo, whose experience, enthusiasm, wit and creativity will make future conferences a pleasure
for its delegates and a success for our society.

Charmain Levy
CASID Conference Chair

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Mot de bienvenue de la part de la présidente de

la conférence

C’est avec grand plaisir que je vous souhaite la bienvenue à cette édition de la conférence de l’ACÉDI qui a
lieu à Montréal. Le thème de cette année est « Le développement et le nouvel ordre mondial » et bon nombre
de groupes d’experts y réfléchiront aux caractéristiques de ce nouvel ordre mondial, au rôle des anciens et
des nouveaux joueurs, aux gagnants et aux perdants du marché mondialisé, ainsi qu’aux solutions face aux
questions de développement récurrentes et émergentes.

Je suis particulièrement fière de la présente édition de l’événement puisque nous avons parmi nous trois
conférenciers de marque internationaux réputés qui nous renseigneront sur les enjeux liés aux changements
climatiques, aux sexospécificités, à la conservation des forêts et à la gouvernance. Un autre aspect important
de la conférence de cette année est la quantité de groupes d’experts conjoints et intersociétés. Cette année,
nous avons mis sur pied des groupes d’experts en collaboration avec la Société canadienne d’anthropologie
(CASCA), la Law and Society Association, l’Association canadienne des études sur les femmes (ACEF),
l’Association canadienne des études latino-américaines et Caraïbes (ACELAC) et l’Association canadienne
d’études environnementales (ACEE).

En plus de la qualité supérieure des sujets et des conférenciers dans nos nombreux groupes d’experts,
l’ACÉDI offre à ses délégués quatre forums différents sur le développement : 1) la reconstruction d’Haïti; 2)
les sentiers hors de la pauvreté; 3) le Groupe de Recherche Interdisciplinaire pour l'Intervention, l'Organisation
et le Transfert en développement international (GRIOT) : lieu de création de savoirs; 4) les programmes de
doctorat en études du développement international. Tous ces forums mèneront à une publication courte et
ciblée sur les enjeux, que prépareront les experts mais qui s’adresseront au grand public.

Il s’agit de ma dernière année à titre de présidente de la conférence et je tiens à remercier tous ceux et toutes
celles qui m’ont aidée dans l’organisation des activités. Diane Pichette et James Gaede ont été très utiles pour
composer avec les nombreux aspects de la membriété et de la conférence. J’aimerais également remercier à
Jamie Robinson et Eleonore Gauthier pour leurs efforts à titre de coordinateurs locaux; à Maurilio Galdino
pour son travail de conception graphique du programme de la conférence de l’ACÉDI et à mes stagiaires
Élise Landriault-Dupont et Margarita Rodriguez pour leur aide lors des communications avec les délégués. Je
voudrais aussi dire merci à mes collègues de l’ACÉDI qui ont contribué de leur temps et de leur expérience à
l’évaluation des groupes d’experts et des projets de mémoires ainsi qu’aux dissertations présentées dans le
cadre du concours pour le prix Kari Polanyi-Levitt.

Aussi, j’aimerais remercier trois conférenciers de marque -- Camilla Toulmin, Bina Agarwal et Jean-Pierre
Olivier de Sardan -- pour avoir si généreusement accepté de se déplacer pendant autant d’heures pour
participer à notre conférence annuelle.
Je tiens à souhaiter la bienvenue à ces étudiants de premier cycle délégués issus de la conférence InSight qui
se déroule parallèlement à la conférence de l’ACÉDI et je félicite les organisateurs de cette conférence.
Enfin, j’aimerais souhaiter un accueil chaleureux au président de la conférence de l’ACÉDI de l’an prochain,
Larry Swatuk de l’Université de Waterloo, dont l’expérience, l’enthousiasme, l’intelligence et la créativité feront
des futures conférences un plaisir pour ses délégués et une réussite pour notre société.
Charmain Levy
Présidente de la conférence de l’ACÉDI

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Message of thanks
to IDRC, CFHSS and Concordia University

CASID would like to express its profound gratitude to the International Development Research Centre for its
generous financial support. Without this support, CASID could not have hosted a conference of this high
quality and diversity. We also appreciate the financial support and participation from Concordia University.

CASID would also like to express its immense appreciation of the Canadian Federation for the Humanities and
Social Sciences (CFHSS) for its financial support of our speaker from the South and our French Keynote
speaker and for its active collaboration in the organization of the conference.

Message de remerciement
au CRDI, à la FCSH et à l’Université Concordia

L’ACÉDI tient à exprimer sa plus profonde gratitude au Centre de recherches pour le développement
international pour leur généreux soutien financier sans lequel l’ACÉDI n’aurait pas pu organiser une
conférence d’une telle qualité et diversité. Nous apprécions l’appui financier et la participation de l’Université
Concordia.

L’ACÉDI tient aussi à exprimer toute sa reconnaissance à la Fédération canadienne des sciences humaines
(FCSH) pour le soutien financier accordé à notre conférencière du Sud et notre conférencier francophone et
son active collaboration à l’organisation de cette conférence.

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DAY ONE

Development in a new world order

Le développement dans un nouvel ordre mondial

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DAY ONE: CASID 2010 Conference Sessions
May 31st – from 9:00AM to 10:45 AM
Panel 1 - Local: LB-540
Frontiers of Development: The Contribution of Religious and Theological Studies to
International Development.
In answer to the question, 'What is development
studies?' the newly revised web-site of the Canadian
Association for Studies in International Development
provides the following optimistic assessment of the
field of IDS:
Luckily, what was once a fragmented topic, contained
within the many 'silos' of different academic
departments, has grown into an interdisciplinary field
that draws on knowledge from all of the social
sciences and humanities.
Religious and Theological Studies are two silos that
till recently have not contributed to this growing
interdisciplinary conversation. This gap in
international development studies is beginning to be
addressed through increase attention to the question
Pres.: Chris Duncanson-Hales - Université St. Paul University
Email: theolog3n1@gmail.com
Discussant: Joanne B. Rennick - St. Jerome's University in the University of Waterloo
Courriel : jmbenham@uwaterloo.ca
Joseph Ogbonnaya – St Michael’s College
Theological Studies and Contemporary Themes in Development Discourse
Theology is a discipline that tries to understand and
determine the underlying truth of all reality. Being
anthropologically anchored, it is socially historical,
dealing with the person as a social being engaged in
a web of relationships. It reflects on common grounds
of human existence: meanings, truths, and values,
uncovering the universal in the particular that
provides unity and intelligibility to life through its
transcendental analysis. On this account, theology
possesses the capacity to intersect with other
perspectives on the issues of the socio-historical
condition of human existence.
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of the role of religion and culture in IDS. Though
begun, this dialogue remains fragmentary and is often
a monologue within the new silo of IDS. This raises
an important question for Religious, Theological and
International Development Studies:
What, if any, contribution can Religious and/or
Theological Studies make to the interdisciplinary field
of international development studies?
The papers in this panel approach this question from
the perspective of theological, religious and
international development studies. Together they
offer an important model of the interdisciplinary
theoretical contribution of religious and theological
studies to international development studies.
This paper will argue that theology does contribute to
the interdisciplinary subject of international
development studies. The specific contribution of
theology to the discourse is an emphasis on the
finality of the human person and therefore on the
importance of prioritizing human well-being in any
development discourse. Using themes of
development in Catholic Social Teaching to dialogue
with contemporary theories of development, this work
will critique the philosophical anthropological
backdrop of development as merely economic growth
and suggest an integral developmental structure that
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takes care of human integral scale of values in order
to provide schemes of recurrence for the provision of
the human good for the development of the human
person.
Emeka Xris Obiezu – University of Toronto
Seeking Integral Fulfilment in Development Discourse:
Exploring Examples from African Inculturation Theology
Until recently, economics has been the sole
dimension or approach in analyzing and evaluating
issues of development. Viewing the satisfaction of
human needs from the narrow perspective of
consumerism, economic theories of development
have concentrated on “having more” rather than
“being more” in postulating ideals of human
fulfillment. However, for many African nations, such
economic theories of development have failed to
provide effective reconstruction, and these countries
have remained badly and bitterly underdeveloped.
This shows how ineffective and inappropriate this one
dimensional approach has been in responding to
issues of development.
In beginning to participate in development discourse,
African theologians have argued that a true African
development must above all be integral—they
must “cater to all aspects of human life, including the
personal, social, economic, political, and religious.”
Ray Vander Zaag - Canadian Mennonite University
Understanding the Theologies of Faith-based NGOs
As part of the recent scholarship on the
interrelationship of religion and development (eg.
Hayes, 2007; Deneulin, 2009), there has been
growing interest in faith-based NGOs and their roles
and approaches to international development
assistance (eg. Berger, 2003; Clarke, 2007; Clarke
and Jennings, 2008; Bradley 2009). The first part of
this paper critically reviews the literature which
analyzes the diversity and characteristics of faith-
based development NGOs. Many approaches
appear to follow a type of 'secularization theory',
categorizing faith-based NGOs by the (declining)
degree of integration of religious belief and
development approach. From this review, a simplified
typology identifying and linking their key
organizational features to their religious worldview is
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Methodologically, the work will draw on Lonergan’s
theological functional specialty ‘Foundations’ to
emphasize the imperative of conversion for
development discourse.
Email: josephokechukwu.ogbonnaya@utortonto.ca
They argue without denigration, that integral theories
of development enable the person to realize his/her
potentials and promote human wellbeing. Thus these
theologians consider economic values as only one
aspect of development that must not be absolutized.
Drawing on African anthropological concepts of life as
ontologically “relational,” and ‘bound together” in a
fundamentally communal perspective, they look
beyond economics in considering other existential
factors and issues, such as divisive social contexts as
well as ideals of autonomy, relationality, solidarity,
peace, and the pursuit of the common good of
society.
Based on African experience, this paper will explore
and analyze how these various theological themes
might contribute to the ongoing discourse of
international development.
Email 1: emyxris@yahoo.com
Email 2: emeka.obiezu@utoronto.ca
presented. The second part of the paper interprets
the range of theological understandings underpinning
the specific organizational forms, structures and
policies of the diversity of faith-based NGOs. It
emphasizes that the diversity among them (and
among non-faith-based NGOs) is more a matter of
how, rather than how much, faith or religious belief is
integrated with development programming. This
raises critical challenges for all development
organizations that intervene cross-culturally,
regarding neutrality, genuine pluralism and
partnership, and culturally sustainable development. I
suggest that the fields of Religious Studies and
Theology might help to understand these challenges
and so contribute to the field of IDS.
Email: rvanderzaag@cmu.ca
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Panel 2 - Local: EV6-809
Gender & Development Issues in Africa
Chair: Rebecca Teissen - Royal Military College of Canada
Email: rebecca.tiessen@rmc.ca
Discussant: Lotsmart Fongjong - University of Buea, Cameroon
Email: lotsmart@yahoo.com
Shelley Jones - State University of New York, College at Potsdam
Daniel Ahimbisibwe - Uganda Martyrs University, Kampala - Uganda
Young women meeting the needs of young women through ICT and local knowledge: Explorations of a
grass-roots ICT-facilitated business enterprise in rural
The increasing ubiquity, accessibility and user-
friendliness of ICTs potentially offers opportunities for
even the most marginalized populations living in poor,
rural areas of developing countries to participate in
educational, political and economic activities hitherto
restricted by sever geographic, communication and
cultural parameters. For girls and women, particularly,
whose onerous domestic obligations, cultural
restrictions on freedom of movement, and lack of
opportunities to engage with the world at large, ICT
openness has particular importance for gender
equality and empowerment - socially, educationally,
politically, and economically (Bakesha, Nakafeero
and Okello, 2009; Hawkins, 2002; Jones and Norton,
2008; Mijumbi, 2002; Smith et al, 2008).
This paper speak to the need for “micro” studies
concerning ICTs (Thioune, 2003), as well as studies
that consider “horizontal organizational structures”
(Castells, 2000; Benkler, 2006) that respond to
specific local needs (Braga, 2007), by exploring how
ICTs have enabled young women in rural Uganda to
begin and sustain a small business that was founded
Theresa Ulicki - Dalhousie University
Perceptions and Responses: Why Policewomen Behave The Way They Do
Since 1994, the South African Police Service (SAPS)
has been confronted with the complex task of
organisational transformation. This transformation
project involves change both internally and in terms of
its service delivery. This research, based on over 16
months of fieldwork and more than 100 interviews
with policewomen and men, focuses on the process
of gender equitable reform in the SAPS in the post-
apartheid period. Utilising the concepts of interests
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on meeting specific needs of girls and women. The
business, which produces and supplies reusable
menstrual pads, employs “pro-poor”, “para-poor” as
well as “per-poor” (Heeks, 2008) strategies: It has a
website which, in addition to advertising the product
line, raises awareness of the challenges faced by girls
and women who cannot afford sanitary materials, and
also provides opportunities for interested parties
throughout the world to buy products to support girls
in need of these products.
Mixed method data collection includes
questionnaires, open-ended interviews and surveys
that investigate the importance of ICT for the lives
and livelihoods of these young women, viewed
through the intersecting theoretical perspectives of
the capabilities framework (Sen, 1999), the imagined
communities framework (Anderson, 1991; Norton &
Pavlenko 2004), and a critical (digital) literacy
framework (Chivanga, 2000; Street, 2003).
Email: jonessk@potsdam.edu
Email:danielahimbisibwe@yahoo.co.uk
and choice, I explore policewomen’s responses to
gender inequities and discrimination and the possible
explanations for these responses.
I argue that policewomen’s decisions to speak out
against gender inequities or to challenge
discrimination are influenced by the perceived ‘safety’
and success of doing so.
There has been no grassroots effort to collectively
organise to promote policewomen’s interests. No
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feminist voice or collective action has emerged
among policewomen. Instead, gender equitable
reforms have been legally and politically driven. I
offer several possible explanations for this state of
affairs, all of which relate to an organisational and
social environment that undermines the possibilities
of gender solidarity and encourages women to seek
individual solutions that will maximise their
professional and personal aspirations. Malla
Sokoundjou – Ciford, Cameroun
Genre et développement au Cameroun: Les femmes
dans les métiers masculins
Genre et développement au Cameroun: Les femmes
dans les métiers masculins
On a toujours pensé à tord que certains métiers sont
reservés aux hommes. Pourtant la femme est
appelée à participer au développement au même titre
que les hommes. Au Cameroun et ce depuis
quelques années, les pouvoirs publics et les ONG
locales mettent en oeuvres différentes actions pour
encourager les filles à élargir leur choix professionnel,
notamment les filières techniques, médicales, etc, à
partir des classes de CM2 dans le primaire, classe de
3ème et Terminale dans le secondaire.

Email: ulickit@dal.ca

Panel 4 - Local: LB 211

Panel 3 - Local: LB 619 - Polanyi-Levitt Le GRIOT: lieu de création de savoirs
Prize Finalists
Nicole St-Martin - Université de Sherbrooke
Ancienne Présidente du CA d’Oxfam-Québec
Chair: Ann Weston – IDRC Professeure chercheure et Directrice scientifique
Discussant: Kari Polanyi – McGill University Programme d'apprentissage expérientiel par
l'intervention communautaire (PAEIC)
Finalists:
Kim Burnett – University of Waterloo
Understanding the Alliance for a Green
Revolution in Africa through a Critical Political
Economy Lens

Alexandre Corriveau-Bourque – McGill

University
Confusions’ and Palava: The logic of land
encroachment in Lofa County, Liberia

Alison Kekewich – Dalhousie University

Parallel discourses of ‘liberation’ and
‘oppression:’ interrogating (re)productions of the
‘Other’ in Canadian discourses of the ‘War on
Terror’ in Afghanistan

Marianne Pemberton – University of Guelph

Playing Fair[trade] with Nestlé: The evolution of
an unlikely partnership in the conventional coffee
market

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 CASID 2010 ACÉDI

Questionnées quant à leur pertinence et à l'état des
résultats de leurs actions, les Organisations Non
Gouvernementales (ONG) de développement
international doivent régulièrement ajuster leurs
pratiques, développer de nouvelles approches,
s'enrichir de savoirs et de savoirs faire pour mener
des interventions structurantes et mieux adaptées
aux différents contextes en mutation. Ce
questionnement émane tout autant des partenaires
financiers, des partenaires dans l'action que des
intervenants eux-mêmes. Pour atteindre le niveau
attendu, les expériences conduites par les ONG
doivent être observées, analysées, documentées,
modélisées et partagées. Et, dans une approche
itérative et continue, pourront être tirées des leçons
qui, traduites en nouvelles compétences, seront
réintroduites pour l'action. D'un autre côté, les ONG
offre aux chercheurs un terrain riche pour
l'observation de même qu'un savoir pratique unique.
Comme la pratique est source de connaissance, les
chercheurs pourront y puiser la matière nécessaire à
la construction d'un savoir formel qui leur sera utile
pour répondre aux exigences de leur champ
disciplinaire et aux aspirations de leurs étudiants. Ils
pourront ainsi participer à l'émergence d'un nouveau
savoir constitué.
Voilà le double niveau d'objectifs que poursuit Oxfam-
Québec en créant le Groupe de Recherche
Interdisciplinaire pour l'Intervention, l'Organisation et
le Transfert en développement international (GRIOT).
Soit de créer un lieu d'échange et de concertation
entre des chercheurs et des praticiens pour élargir le
champ des compétences pratiques et d'assurer la
rencontre des paramètres d'une organisation
apprenante et contribuer à la construction d'un
nouveau savoir.
Courriel: NStMartin@adm.usherbrooke.ca

Olga Navarro-Flores – École des Sciences de la Gestion (ESG) - UQAM

Les ONG et leurs relations avec les entreprises privées : instrumentalisation ou co-construction d’une
nouvelle légitimité?

Depuis les désastres environnementaux de Bhopal en Inde (décembre 1984), de Tchernobyl en Russie (avril 1986)
et d’EXXON-Valdés en Alaska (mars 1989), les organismes non gouvernementaux (ONG) n’ont pas cessé de
dénoncer les multinationales dont les pratiques ont été jugées inacceptables sur le plan des droits humains, de
l’exploitation à outrance les ressources naturelles, ou du respect de la régulation en ce qui concerne le
développement durable. Plusieurs ONG existent depuis les années 1970, mais c’est avec l’arrivée de la
mondialisation que les ONG militantes et celles consacrées à la coopération internationale font front commun dans
l’organisation de campagnes de sensibilisation et de mobilisation de la population au Nord comme au Sud, afin de
faire connaître les manquements éthiques et de responsabilité sociale des entreprises multinationales, et
revendiquer une régulation plus sévère. Même si les ONG n’avancent nécessairement pas une définition précise de
la responsabilité sociale de l’entreprise (RSE), elles ont été traditionnellement opposées aux « mesures volontaires »
des entreprises, optant plutôt pour un État qui assume son rôle de régulateur et une entreprise imputable envers la
société. C’est pourquoi, chercheurs, observateurs et militants affirment que la RSE constitue une des réponses de
l’entreprise aux interpellations des ONG, ou encore aux demandes d’une société civile sensibilisée et organisée par
les ONG.
Depuis le début du siècle, des chercheurs se sont penchés sur l’étude des rapports entre les entreprises et les ONG.
Une brève revue de littérature, principalement dans le Journal of Business Ethics, nous révèle des auteurs qui
soulignent les bienfaits de telles relations (Weyzig, 2008), d’autres ont une perspective plutôt critique (Hoggett, 2003;
Hommel, 2006). Il y en a qui s’attardent à expliquer comment réussir (Nijhof, Bruijn et Honders, 2007; Russo et
Tecanti, 2008), ou encore d’autres parlent de l’institutionnalisation de tels rapports (Wilburn, 2009;
Seitanidi et Crane, 2008). Cependant, la relation entreprises-ONG est loin de créer un consensus et le risque d’une
utilisation mutuelle, dévoyée d’une stratégie commune de développement durable, nous interpelle sur la capacité
réelle des acteurs à s’influencer mutuellement dans la co-construction d’une nouvelle pratique corporative ou sur
l’instrumentalisation des ONG par les multinationales dans la recherche de la légitimité.
Courriel: navarro-flores.olga@uqam.ca

15
 CASID
Guy Debailleul - Université Laval
Titulaire de la Chaire en développement international
Les changements institutionnels dans l’aide au développement : nouveaux défis pour les ONG
En quelques années, le contexte institutionnel de
l’aide au développement a été profondément
bouleversé. Alors que les pays du Nord tardent
toujours à remplir leurs engagements quant au
volume de l’aide publique à mobiliser, ils ont
profondément modifié les caractéristiques et les
objectifs de cette aide au développement : pays
ciblés, objectifs prioritaires. Dans plusieurs cas on
observe une intégration de cette aide à des stratégies
à caractère militaire.
Dans le même temps, à la suite de la Déclaration de
Paris, les principaux pays bailleurs de fonds ont
commencé à mettre en place une plus grande
concertation et une plus grande coopération avec les
gouvernements des pays d’accueils, conduisant à
une certaine division du travail entre les agences
nationales de développement. On observe dans le
même temps un accroissement de l’intervention de
certaines fondations privées (Fondation Bill et
Mohammed Chikhaoui – Directeur de Oxfam-Québec
Oxfam-Québec, une organisation apprenante et innovante
Au cours des dernières années, les nouveaux enjeux
ainsi que les transformations profondes de l’économie
contraignent les organisations à dynamiser leurs
pratiques en matière d’apprentissage et de gestion
des savoirs. Bien que ces préoccupations aient été
présentes au sein des entreprises privées, elles sont
de plus en plus ressenties par les organismes de
développement international. En effet, la compétition
accrue, la baisse de l’aide au développement, la
variété et la complexité des situations au sein
desquelles ces organisations interviennent justifient le
besoin, voire l’urgence de miser sur la capacité
d’apprentissage en vue de devenir plus efficaces et
d’améliorer les résultats attendus par la qualité de
leur travail. C’est précisément dans ce contexte
qu’Oxfam-Québec a souhaité entreprendre une
démarche d’organisation apprenante et innovante. Ce
2010 ACÉDI
Melinga Gates, Fondation One Drop, etc.. ) ou
d’agences publiques créées en parallèle aux
structures d’aide traditionnelles (Millenium Challenge
Corporation aux USA). Enfin les défis gigantesques
que pose la lutte contre les changements climatiques
vont nécessiter le transfert massif de fonds vers les
pays en développement destinés à assurer
l’adaptation des économies de ces pays, fonds dont
l’utilisation pourrait bouleverser les stratégies
conventionnelles de développement. Toutes ces
évolutions interpellent les ONG quant à leur rôle,
leurs engagements, leurs sources de financement,
leur indépendance. Elles leur imposeront des
nouvelles formes de concertation et de coopération.
Une plus grande concertation entre ONG et
Universités permettrait de préparer les nécessaires
évolutions.
Courriel: guy.debailleul@fsaa.ulaval.ca
virage suppose notamment de redéfinir sa capacité
d'améliorer continuellement son impact grâce à des
idées, connaissances et apprentissages nouveaux.
Pour y parvenir, une démarche de transformation a
été amorcée en 2004 par Oxfam-Québec. Cette
démarche visait à développer sa capacité d’anticiper,
d’améliorer, d’innover et de trouver de nouvelles et
meilleures façons de faire pour accomplir sa mission
de façon plus efficace et efficiente. À cet effet,
plusieurs actions ont été menées à l’intérieur de
l’organisation ainsi qu’en partenariat avec le CEFRIO
et une équipe de recherche de l’Université McGill.
La présente communication met en contexte le virage
entrepris par Oxfam-Québec en matière
d’organisation apprenante et, entre autre, de mise en
place d’un groupe de recherche.
Courriel: chikhaouim@oxfam.qc.ca
16
 CASID
Panel 5 - Local: EV2-776
Geopolitics of Hunger
Chair: Joshua Ramisch - Université d'Ottawa
Email: Joshua.Ramisch@uOttawa.ca
Discussant: Haroon Akram-Lodhi - Trent University
Email: haroonakramlodhi@trentu.ca
Nuah Makungu – Université d'Ottawa
Disparition des structures agricoles paysannes, diminution des disponibilités agricoles au Sud (Maniema,
Katanga et Kivu en RDC) et au Nord (Québec, Ontario et Nouveau-Brunswick au Canada)
Aujourd’hui, il faut produire ce que l’on veut bien
acheter et avoir un revenu. Partout le moyen, le
paysan veut imiter ceux qui réussissent
financièrement. Pour cela il consent à détruire son
mode d’existence. Au Sud, en RDC par exemple, la
dépendance vis-à-vis des exportations du thé, du
café, du coton, etc. est quasiment total pour certaines
provinces comme le Kivu (Nord et Sud), le Maniema
et le Katanga. Certaines organisations aident fort
bien le paysan, puisque l’on doit produire le café, le
thé, la banane, etc. pour exporter. Ainsi, la pratique
des monocultures spéculatives destinées au marché
mondial se fait au détriment des cultures vivrières et
de l’autoconsommation, alors que la
commercialisation et le profit échappent au paysan et
à sa famille. Cette situation et le manque de
compétitivité du paysan sur le marché alimentent
l’exode rural.
Au Nord, par exemple au Québec, en Ontario et au
Leigh Brownhill - York University
New Relations, New Opportunities? Food Sovereignty in Kenya and Canada
This paper examines food sovereignty social
movements in Canada and Kenya to assess their
potential contributions to ‘carbon-neutral development
planning.’ These contributions are shown to have
arisen in the first decade of the 2000s in two ‘social
movement outcomes’: (1) the democratization of
social relations broadly within and across countries
via horizontal, consensus-based, participatory
democratic praxis within the global movement of
social movements; and (2) livelihood generation
strategies and new social enterprises focused on the
carbon-neutral provision of life-goods and ecological
reclamation.
2010 ACÉDI
Nouveau Brunswick au Canada, il faut davantage de
terres pour des exploitations à la mesure des
ambitions des grands exploitants, des agro-mangers,
alors que la population paysanne vivent de
l’agriculture familiale. Les terres arables s’en vont ou
sont abandonnées, les élevages sont décimés dans
les exploitations de l’est du Canada. L’agriculture
familiale se « tiers-mondialise ». En même temps, les
gouvernements provinciaux encouragent la
monoculture de la pomme de terre, du Canneberge,
du bleuet sauvage destinés à l’exportation. Les
secteurs maraîcher et animal sont marginalisés.
Nous voyons ainsi des similarités entre le paysan du
Sud et celui du Nord. Appauvris, ils perdent leur
patrimoine agricole et leur souveraineté alimentaire.
Les ressources du milieu sont dévalorisées et le
développement impulsé n’est pas durable.
Email: nmakungum@uottawa.ca
In Kenya, residents of Huruma decided to grow their
own food. Women’s groups took up the production of
the needed compost to enrich the tired urban soil.
Soon the demand for fertilizer grew, as more took to
farming. And there was a huge supply of potential
compost right under the villagers’ noses: the trash
heaps that line the streets of Kenya’s slums. For
years, youth had employed themselves pulling
recycleables like glass, metal and paper from the
trash and selling it in the industrial area of the city.
Then the Huruma farmers began to employ the youth
to collect trash from homes and from the roadsides
and river beds, where it was otherwise rotting and
17
 CASID
creating toxic messes, disease and methane
emissions. The compost enhances soil fertility and
grows vegetables which go back to Huruma, where a
number of women and youth are employed in food
service and marketing.
In Canada, a growing network of ‘alternative’ farmers
- from organic, to urban to cooperative - in
conjunction with consumers, environmentalists,
teachers, researchers, health workers, anti-poverty
groups and policy-makers is making headway in
David Kintu Nkwanga - Nature Palace Foundation, Kampala, Uganda
New Relations, New Opportunities? Food Sovereignty in Kenya and Canada
Challenges facing peasant farmers in Africa are
diverse. In Uganda, for example, the variability in
growing seasons and incidence of severe dry
seasons as effects of Climate change have made
rain-fed peasant farming less and less profitable and
more and more unreliable. It is a common thing to
see peasant farmers leaving their gardens to go to
urban centres and engage in petty trade and casual
labour - opting to be buyers rather than producers of
food. On the extremes, the young generation, seeing
the failing peasant farming system are selling off the
land and starting unsustainable petty business in
towns. Over-reliance on “exotic” crops like maize is
also proving to be risky for peasant farmers in tropical
Africa. Research has indicated that in most of the
DAY ONE: CASID 2010 Conference Sessions
May 31st – From 10:30AM to 11:45 AM
Panel 6 - Local: H 435
Joint Session with Women’s Studies
Cynthia Enloe - Clark University, Worcester
Picking Up the Pieces: Making Feminist Sense of Post-War Politics
From so many feminist historians we are learning
anew how long, how very long, any "post-war" can go
on. It goes on as long as people debate the design of
public memorials, as long as photos of dead soldier
sons remain fading on mantle pieces, as long as
children try to make sense of their memories of
2010 ACÉDI
revitalizing a local food system that takes account of
climate change, peak oil, social justice and health and
nutrition. The paper examines the successes and
challenges of these initiatives by inquiring into the
nature of participants’ cross-gender and cross-ethnic
alliances and the extent of their institution of
democratic community relations for the stewardship of
the commons.
Email: lbrownhi@uoguelph.ca
tropics these crops are near their maximum
temperature tolerance, and since dry land, non-
irrigated agriculture dominates, yields are likely to
decrease with even small increases in atmospheric
temperature. Poverty, limited resources and poor
infrastructure constrain such countries like Uganda to
invest in and develop technologies to enable
adaptation to Climate Change. Our approach is
therefore to promote farm-level skills that promotes
the peasant farmers’ capacity to cope with Climate
Change which include Ecosystem-based (Ecological)
and sustainable agriculture; promotion of diversity on
the farm, promotion of indigenous crops and
traditional Soil and Water conservation techniques.
Email: naturepaldn@gmail.com
wartime trauma, as long as families struggle to care
for a war's survivors, and as long as politicians assert
lessons from the last conflict. Yet each and every one
of these is gendered. Each depends on women's
privatized care and women's selective silences, on
the heroization of some masculinities, the denigration
18
 CASID 2010 ACÉDI

of others. Without multi-disciplinary feminist Women's Studies, International Development, and

curiosities about post-war gendered lives and post-
war gendered politics, we will once again
underestimate the kinds of power at work in this world
of ours and the true costs of those workings.
It is time we began to think about the transformative
aspects of war. War is not simply a conflict between
two parties that has a well demarcated beginning and
end, while its impact on people, ecological systems,
politics, economics, social organization – all of which
are gender coded – is limited to the space or time of
war. The Sudan, Iraq, Afghanistan, the Congo, and
now Pakistan tell us otherwise.
Cynthia Enloe is a leading scholar of international
repute whose work resonates across the fields of
Conflict and Cooperation Studies. In consultation
with the Canadian Association for Studies in Interna-
tional Development (CASID - Assn # 225) and
attending to our mutual interests, CWSA/ACEF has
organized Enloe’s delivery of our keynote lecture to
coincide with the day our associations’ meetings
overlap. Enloe's discussion of the gendered nature of
post-war politics is deeply germane to both
associations, and her lecture will provide an important
occasion to foster greater interdisciplinary
collaborations across our intersecting interests on
these pressing questions.

DAY ONE: Conference Sessions

May 31st – From 1 1 : 0 0 A M t o 1 2 : 4 5 P M

Panel 7 - Local: LB-540

Frontiers of Development II
The late Dr. Farouk Afshar identified the following three frontiers as being neglected by International Development
Studies, the frontier of the North, the frontier of well-being, happiness and spirituality, and the frontier of
contemplation and knowing
The papers in this panel address these frontiers as they reassess the orientation, priorities and epistemological
assumptions of International Development. By bringing together insights from African, Judeo-Christian and First
Nation’s theological and spiritual perspectives; international development studies can in the words of Dr. Afshar
“deepen its method of knowing --- deeper then empiricism of the senses and the reasoning of the mind --- to
contemplation as the timeless way to wisdom” (2005, 527).
A significant portion of time has been set aside to encourage a dialogue between the presenters and the audience.

Chair: Chris Duncanson-Hales - Université St. Paul University

Email: theolog3n1@gmail.com

Discussant: Joanne B. Rennick - St. Jerome's University in the University of Waterloo

Email: jmbenham@uwaterloo.ca

Almas Zakiuddin - University of British Columbia

‘Modernising’ Women & Islam: A case study of development interventions in Bangladesh

This paper analyses the complex ways in which in the predominantly Muslim society of Bangladesh. I
discourses of international development draw on fieldwork undertaken for my doctoral
simultaneously harness and decry religious interests dissertation to demonstrate how development agents,

19
 CASID
supported by a patriarchal Bangladeshi state, have
involved Muslim imams or male prayer leaders, and
various Islamic institutions, in grassroots issues which
influence and regulate women’s lives and bodies. At
the same time, religion and specifically Islam, as a
system of thought, as culture, tradition, and social
institution, is disparaged, often by development
agents themselves, because it is seen to challenge
and curtail women’s empowerment and desired
‘advancement’ towards modernity. The situation is
complicated by geopolitical concerns regarding the
so-called political ‘resurgence’ of religion, especially
of radical Islam, in our times, and attendant
J. I. (Hans) Bakker - University of Guelph
International Development: Weber's Oscillation Thesis and Modern Capitalism
The world capitalist system grew out of the
globalization of "modern capitalism." Development
requires that a modern nation-state participate in the
global "modern capitalist" system.
To understand the emergence of modern capitalism
in the sixteenth century we have to examine Max
Weber's oeuvre and not just his essays of 1904-1905-
1906. Particularly important is his theory concerning
traditional legitimate authority and domination
(Herrschaft)in Economy and Society. Weber presents
a view of the oscillation of centrifugal and centripetal
forces, utilizing his Ideal Type Models of Patrimonial-
prebendal and Patrimonial-feudal political economic
systems. The world religions have all emerged
primarily as Patrimonial-prebendal systems. Two
cases in point are the Roman Catholic Church in
Europe and the Empire of China, both of which were
at their height in the thirteenth century. In Europe
Nathan Loewen - Vanier College
A Review of Religious Studies theories potentials as analytical tools for Development Studies
Two approaches to religion tend to be taken by
development studies scholars; one is (M. Weber)
social-scientific and the other is philosophical (R.
Otto). Both are intended to support analyses of
whether religions work for or against some given
construal of development. They depend on what are
called ‘classic’ theories of religion, but do not consider
the reflections of these theories’ inheritors (C. Geertz,
M. Douglas, P. Bourdieu, T. Asad). This is to say that
2010 ACÉDI
theoretical questions regarding the proper place of
secularism and religiosity in societies of the
21stcentury. How do we understand these alliances
between religious, patriarchal and state interests in
Bangladesh and what are their likely consequences
for women? Furthermore, how might the insights
gained here inform and influence Muslim societies
and Muslim women’s issues in South Asia and in
general? My paper seeks to explore these and other
questions in order to unpack the complex
relationships between religion, gender and
development especially in societies of the South.
Email: almaszakiuddin@gmail.com
Patrimonial-prebendalism eventually gave way to
Patrimonial-feudalism, which eventually led to the
emergence of the modern nation-state and the
capitalist bourgeoisie. In China no such gradual
transformation ever took place, with proto-feudal
periods being regarded as "warring states." Today the
People's Republic of China is based on Patrimonial-
prebendal principles, which means that democratic
dissent is viewed as a violation of centripetal aspects
of domination. China is not the only contemporary
country that lacks a long term evolution of democratic
principles. Many underdeveloped countries in Asia,
Africa and Latin America retain a prebendal rather
than a modern model of legitimate authority. The case
of Indonesia is interesting since to some extent
Indonesia has managed to escape its neo-patrimonial
vestiges better than the PRC or other countries.
Email: hbakker@uoguelph.ca
religious studies has established other approaches to
understanding the religious dimensions of social,
material, economic and political contexts (M. Taylor,
R. King, J. Butler, B. Lincoln). This paper will review
several theories of religion that enable a wider
analytical range for the development studies scholar.
Rather than focusing on the discrete complexities of
these approaches, the paper will focus upon some
salient points that each approach might offer for doing
20
 CASID
development studies. The analytical testing ground
for the course of the paper is that of the increasing
involvements of India’s Jains in development-related
initiatives. A preliminary study of a Pune-based NGO,
the Bharatiya Jain Sangathana (BJS), and its
educational wing, the Federation of Jain Educational
Panel 8 - Local: EV6-809
Environmental governance and justice in development
Chair: Blane Harvey - University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
Email: b.harvey@ids.ac.uk
Discussant: Pablo S. Bose - University of Vermont, USA
Email: pbose@uvm.edu
Talia Meer - Dalhousie University
Finding the community in Community-Based Natural Resource Management: The case of Ndumo Game
Reserve, South Africa
Community-based Natural Resource Management
(CBNRM) has gained popularity in recent years as a
mechanism for achieving both environmental
conservation and poverty reduction simultaneously.
In the South African context, CBNRM is further being
touted as a means of providing recompense to
communities that were forcibly evicted from their
traditional land under the conservation program of the
apartheid regime, and has emerged as the dominant
approach to conversation in the new South Africa.
This paper investigates whether the reality of CBNRM
in South Africa matches the rhetoric. I focus in on the
case of Ndumo Game Reserve, located in the far
north of KwaZulu Natal, below the border with
Mozambique. My goal is to critically evaluate the
costs and benefits associated with CBNRM for the
Mbangweni and Mathenjwa communities that
neighbour the reserve, based primarily on fieldwork
undertaken from June to August 2009, which included
thirteen semi-structured interviews with headmen and
elders in these communities, and twelve semi-
Lance W. Robinson - Vancouver Island University
King, Leslie A. - Vancouver Island University
Where Development meets Environment: Governance Matters
2010 ACÉDI
Institutions (FJEI), will be used to illustrate the
potential of religious studies theories for doing
development studies analyses. On these grounds,
religious studies contributes to the interdisciplinary
field of international development studies.
Email: loewenn@vaniercollege.qc.ca
structured interviews with local and provincial
government personnel and game reserve officials, as
well as participant observation.
I will use these findings to critically evaluate the
success of this project using a combination of
conceptual frameworks, incorporating both insights
from Adams and Hulme (2008) into what constitutes
‘success’ in community-based conservation, and
critiques leveled by political ecologists that CBNRM is
another instance of neo-liberal attempts to commodify
nature to the detriment of those living nearby (Igoe
and Brockington, 2008). Preliminary findings suggest
that there are a number of tensions between the
environmental, economic and development
imperatives of this CBNRM initiative, which cast doubt
over whether all can be achieved simultaneously in
Ndumo. I conclude with reflections on how
communities can increase their stake and voice within
Ndumo and in South Africa more broadly.
Email: talia.meer@dal.ca
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 CASID
It is widely recognized that environmental
sustainability and the reduction of rural poverty are
inextricably linked: extreme poverty undermines
environmental sustainability and degraded natural
environments exacerbate poverty. Indeed, it is this
recognition that lies at the foundation of the
sustainable development paradigm. On the other
hand, doubts have been cast on the effectiveness of
the work over the past thirty years to combine
conservation and development. Institutions, policies,
accountability, participation, and power relations are
only a few of the variables mediating the
environment-development connection. These
variables are increasingly being looked at together
under the overarching umbrella of governance.
Governance is receiving growing attention in relation
to protected areas for example.
However, research on governance is just beginning to
investigate precisely how it is that governance
Neera M. Singh - University of Toronto
Reducing Emissions from Forest Degradation: Equity and Justice Challenges
This paper explores equity and justice concerns
within REDD. Drawing from principles of justice, viz.
distributional justice, procedural justice and
recognition of local people’s identities, knowledge
systems, and visions, the paper suggests a focus on
equitable distribution of benefits, fair access to
decision-making and governance processes and
recognition of forest people’s identities and
relationship with forests. Based on a review of trends
from implementation of REDD schemes from the
perspective of local rights, the paper suggests that
local rights need to be safeguarded as well as space
needs to be provided for local rights at multiple scales
Panel 9 - Local: LB 619
Comparing the Perceptions of Teachers and Students on Education Reforms in Five
Countries (Brazil, Jamaica, China, Sierra Leone and Canada - Ontario and Quebec)
Chair: Melanie O'Gorman - University of Winnipeg
Email: m.ogorman@uwinnipeg.ca
Discussant: William J. Egnatoff - Queen's University
Email: egnatoff@queensu.ca
2010 ACÉDI
produces effects. Sustainable Livelihoods thinking
provides a framework for identifying impacts at the
household level; however, the Policies, Institutions
and Processes (PIP) component of the sustainable
livelihoods framework remains something of a “black
box”. This paper uses a governance framework to
open up that black box. It is based on emerging
finding from Ghana, Kenya and Zimbabwe, including
research undertaken in the Protected Areas and
Poverty Reduction project. In the paper we identify a
number of pathways by which governance produces
environment and livelihood outcomes. These
pathways highlight a number of dimensions and
elements of governance that tend to receive little
attention, and thereby suggest possibilities for more
nuanced and sophisticated policy and development
programming.
Email: Lance.Robinson@viu.ca
Email: lking1@shaw.ca
of governances. Drawing from my research on cross-
scale organizing of forest communities in Orissa,
India, I suggest that REDD regimes need to be
complemented by mechanisms to safeguard local
rights and include local voices at different spatial
scales of governance. In this context, cross-scale
organizing of forest peoples becomes one of the
means to facilitate improving of their collective
bargaining position in the emerging climate change
mitigation strategies. In addition to monitoring carbon
gains, we need to be vigilant and monitor social gains
or equity impacts of REDD regimes.
Email: neera.singh@gmail.com
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 CASID
Peter Joong - University of West Indies, Jamaica
Perceptions of Teachers and Students on Education Reforms in Five Countries
Objective of this study is to examine how and to what
extent teachers have implemented secondary
education reforms in Jamaica. Major sources of data
are surveys for teachers and students in 24 sample
schools. The study concluded that teachers were
satisfied with their reform initiatives. Perceptions of
teachers and students revealed that most teachers
were able to make changes that include curriculum,
varied teaching strategies, and student evaluation.
Classroom management is a major issue for students
and teachers partly due to large class sizes. Teachers
claimed the special education is not an issue due to
few in number and integration of technology is
impossible due to lack of computers. Teachers lacked
resources and in-service training, especially in the
rural areas. E-learning is an effective method.
Teachers wish more professional training and
Xiong Ying - Guangxi University, China
Peter Joong - University of West Indies, Jamaica
Perceptions of Teachers, Parents and Students on Education Reforms in China
The objective of this follow-up study was to examine
how and to what extent secondary teachers have
implemented educational reforms in China. Major
sources of data are surveys for teachers and students
in eight sample schools in two provinces. The study
concluded that teachers were satisfied with their
reform initiatives. The survey concluded that teachers
and parents liked the reform initiatives. Most teachers
were able to make changes that supported the
reforms that include curriculum planning, teaching
strategies, student evaluation, and special education.
Thomas Ryan - Nipissing Univeristy, North Bay
Peter Joong - University of West Indies, Jamaica
Perceptions of Teachers and Students on Education Reforms in Ontario
The three studies in this panel presentation illuminate
educational reforms that impacted teachers and
students in Jamaica, China and Canada (Ontario).
Highlighted areas include curriculum planning,
teaching strategies, student evaluation, integration of
technology, special education programs and high-
stakes testing. Notably, a majority of the teachers in
2010 ACÉDI
resources in teaching strategies, classroom
management, and computer applications. It is
recommended that teachers receive more training
and do more activities, group work, and performance-
based assessment. Ways to reduce discipline issues
include getting students more involved in the lessons,
reinforcing the rules, and getting support from
administrators and parents. Technical education is a
great initiative in Jamaica with support and resources.
But much more can be done and parents have to be
convinced that technical education is good for many
students. The exam system is of high standard.
However, it does not cater to the needs of all
students. Jamaica is at a crossroad of deciding what’s
more important, education of the children or exam
results. The colonial days are no longer with us.
Email: yee.joong@uwimona.edu.jm
Urban teachers had sufficient in-service professional
development and resources. Teachers experienced
difficulties that arose from the conflict between
activity-based learning and exam-oriented systems.
Parents and society need to change their mindsets of
valuing exam achievements. Chinese educators are
at the crossroads of whether the ‘quality’ movement is
what the students and society need at this time or
make changes in the high stakes examination.
Leaders who want to implement change will have to
pay attention to the voices of stakeholders.
both countries (Jamaica and China) were satisfied
with the reforms. However, teachers in both countries
had difficulty altering current teaching praxes (teacher
talk) and student assessment/evaluation modes
(tests). They had difficulty with transitioning from
teacher-directed to student-centred lessons. Tension
was uncovered with in-service professional
23
 CASID
development that was lacking as well as resources in
rural areas. This situation hampered implementation
hence this inquiry reflects a fragile new teaching
arrangement evidenced in both countries. Educators
in both countries are at the crossroads of whether the
reform to student-centred learning is what the
Panel 10 – Local: LB 211
Les enjeux actuels de la coopération internationale
Linda Anne Vaillancourt - Université Laval / CUSO-VSO
Recherche, coopération et participation pour instaurer un modèle de développement durable par la gestion
des aires protégées au Costa Rica
Depuis les deux dernières décennies, la conception
de la conservation implique de plus en plus que les
aires protégées ne soient pas isolées du monde qui
les entoure. Leurs connexions et interactions avec le
paysage environnant sont essentielles pour assurer
un fonctionnement équilibré des écosystèmes de
même que la distribution et la survie des espèces. À
l’initiative de la Forêt modèle Reventazon, au Costa
Rica, la recherche-action participative introduit un
processus de prise de conscience et de décision
collectives dans le contexte de trois aires protégées
situées dans la Province de Cartago.
Le projet consiste à impliquer les communautés
locales dans l’élaboration et l’éventuelle mise en
œuvre du Plan de gestion de deux Parcs nationaux
(Catégorie II de l’UICN) et une Zone protectrice
(Catégorie VI de l’UICN). Chaque aire protégée est
située dans un environnement différent : une banlieue
urbaine de la capitale, une zone rurale agricole et un
territoire indigène.
Initialement supporté par les membres fondateurs de
la Forêt modèle Reventazon, incluant le ministère de
Johanne Boucher - Université de Sherbrooke
Vers une nouvelle gestion des connaissances dans les réseaux d'aide au développement
Cette recherche s’intéresse aux interventions des
organisations non gouvernementales (ONG)
canadiennes d'aide au développement auprès de
leurs partenaires. Axées sur le renforcement des
capacités, ces interventions valorisent et utilisent la
connaissance locale dans le design et la mise en
œuvre des programmes. Dans ce cadre, l’adoption
croissante d’un fonctionnement en réseau entre ces
2010 ACÉDI
students and society need at this time or make
changes in the high stakes examination. Leaders who
want to implement change will have to pay attention
to the voices of stakeholders,
Email: thomasr@nipissingu.ca
l’Environnement du Costa Rica (MINAET), le Centre
international de recherche et d’enseignement
agronome tropical (CATIE) de même que
l’organisation de coopération internationale
canadienne CUSO-VSO, le projet implique
maintenant une grande variété de partenaires, du
local au global, incluant des organisations de
Corridors biologiques; l’Institut costaricain du
Tourisme (ICT); l’Institut national de la Biodiversité
(INBio) appuyant les communautés locales dans leurs
efforts de conservation, de valorisation de la culture
et diversification des projets économiques de leur
territoire.
La présentation traite des opportunités et défis qui se
posent quand il s’agit d’associer les communautés
locales et les gestionnaires des aires protégées dans
la prise de décisions avec une perspective qui tient
compte de la qualité de vie et des valeurs culturelles
traditionnelles des habitants de même que de la
protection des écosystèmes de leur territoire.
Courriel: Linda.Vaillancourt.1@ulaval.ca
ONG et leurs multiples partenaires et la mise en
place, par l’ONG canadienne, de pratiques de gestion
des connaissances destinées à stimuler le partage et
la création de connaissances entre les membres du
réseau amènent à se questionner sur la contribution
de ces pratiques au renforcement des capacités des
24
 CASID
partenaires. Le terrain de recherche est constitué par
une ONG canadienne et trois de ses partenaires
d’Afrique de l’Ouest impliqués au niveau national et
régional dans des réseaux centrés sur la question de
l'égalité entre les sexes. L’étude vise à décrire le
processus de développement des capacités des
partenaires dans un contexte de réseau et les
conditions qui l’ont influencé. Elle cherche également
à identifier les pratiques ou configurations de
pratiques de gestion des connaissances de l’ONG
canadienne qui ont été les plus porteuses dans ce
processus.
Gabriel C. Goyette – Chaire sur la gouvernance et l'aide au développement, UQAM
Législation sur l’aide au développement canadienne et son impact sur les ONG de coopération
internationale
Le 16 octobre 2007, la trente-neuvième législature
adoptait à l’unanimité le projet de loi C-293 intitulé Loi
concernant l’aide au développement officielle fournie
à l’étranger pour encadrer la fourniture de l’aide
publique au développement canadienne. Cette
législation est exemplaire en ce qu’elle constitue une
initiative multipartite à laquelle se sont associés tous
les partis politiques et de nombreuses organisations
de la société civile grâce à la direction du Conseil
canadien pour la coopération internationale. Cette
législation novatrice comprend trois axes principaux :
un axe substantif exigeant que l’APD canadienne
contribue à la réduction de la pauvreté, prenne en
compte le point de vue des pauvres et soit compatible
avec les droits humains, un axe définissant les
conditions de diffusion de l’information sur les actions
en matière de développement par le Canada et un
axe sur la consultation publique en matière d’aide
publique au développement. Ce cahier de recherche
se veut une contribution à la nécessaire réflexion sur
les modes de mise en œuvre optimaux des trois
volets de cette législation. En se basant sur des
mécanismes internationaux, des initiatives de l’ACDI
Kénel Délusca - Université de Montréal
Évaluation des impacts des changements climatiques sur les rendements agricoles :
état des lieux et perspectives
Compte tenu de la forte sensibilité de l’agriculture au
climat et surtout de son importance socio-
économique, d’énormes efforts ont été déployés au
cours des deux dernières décennies en vue de fournir
des informations sur l’envergure des impacts
2010 ACÉDI
L'intérêt de la recherche est de permettre une
meilleure compréhension des interrelations entre le
processus de développement des capacités des
partenaires et les pratiques de gestion des
connaissances mises en place au niveau d'un réseau
et de dégager des pistes de réflexion et d'action aptes
à guider les praticiens dans l’amélioration de leurs
façons de faire.
Courriel: Johanne.Boucher@USherbrooke.ca
dans d’autres secteurs et sur des mécanismes
novateurs, nous souhaitons contribuer à la mise en
œuvre optimale de cette législation et à l’amélioration
des pratiques en matière d’APD au Canada afin d’en
accroître l’efficacité et, in fine, l’atteinte des objectifs
de développement.
Cette législation est fondamentale pour les ONG
canadiennes puisqu’elle définit désormais les
modalités d’allocation de l’APD canadienne et que
donc, elle s’applique indirectement à toutes celles
recevant des fonds qualifiés d’« aide publique au
développement » de quelque ministère ou agence
que ces fonds proviennent (ACDI, Ministère des
Finances, Ministère des Affaires étrangères et
Commerce international Canada). Tant et si bien que
le Conseil canadien pour la coopération internationale
(CCCI) a créé un comité de suivi de cette législation
et tenu des activités pour sensibiliser ses membres
aux implications de cette législation pour eux et que
l’Association québécoise des organismes de
coopération internationaux (AQOCI) songe à faire de
même.
Courriel: goyette-cote.gabriel@uqam.ca
potentiels des changements climatiques sur
l’agriculture mondiale. Pour avoir fourni les premières
idées sur les directions et l’ampleur des impacts des
changements climatiques sur l’agriculture à l’échelle
globale, ces différents efforts, matérialisés à travers la
25
 CASID
réalisation d’études d’impacts, ont été grandement
utiles à plusieurs égards, notamment les premières
réflexions sur les adaptations possibles ou
envisageables au niveau de ce secteur. Néanmoins,
certaines approches, méthodes et technologies
utilisées dans la réalisation de ces études sont soit
désuètes ou difficilement applicables dans certains
contextes.
Cette communication présente les principales
limitations des celles-ci tant au Canada que dans les
pays en voie de développement et identifient les
différentes solutions de rechange. Celles-ci sont
Panel 11 – Local: EV2-776
Learning from the ground up
Chair: Aziz Choudry - McGill University
Email: aziz.choudry@mcgill.ca
Discussant: Martha Stiegman - Concordia University
Email: mstieg@openface.ca
Aziz Choudry - McGill University
Dip Kapoor - University of Alberta
Learning from the Ground Up: Global perspectives on knowledge production and social movements
The dynamics, politics and richness of knowledge
production in social movements and social activist
contexts is often overlooked in scholarly literature on
development and social change. This paper draws
from our forthcoming book, which engages and
elaborates on understandings that are rooted in the
contexts of a number of recent or contemporary social
struggles, and which explore their knowledge,
learning and educational dimensions. We contend
that some of the most radical critiques and
understandings about dominant ideologies and power
structures, and visions of development and social
change, have emerged from those spaces. We will
also challenge ways in which grassroots/movement
voices are often overwritten or otherwise
marginalized-subalternized in the context of
‘alternative’ ‘civil society’ networks/NGOs, as well in
the scholarly literature. We draw upon contributions
by authors located within, or working closely with, a
range of anti-colonial/anti-imperialist social
movements, communities and popular mobilizations
2010 ACÉDI
caractérisées essentiellement par l’adoption d’une
approche autre que celle du "fermier conservateur" et
par l’implication de l’agent humain dans les toutes les
étapes essentielles du processus d’évaluation des
impacts des changements climatiques sur les
rendements agricoles. Avec la considération de ces
nouvelles approches et méthodologies, des nuances
sur l’ampleur et voire la direction des impacts
anticipés des changements climatiques sur les
rendements agricoles ont été mises en relief.
Courriel : kenel.delusca@umontreal.ca
in varied contexts in Asia/Pacific, Africa, the Americas
& the Caribbean, including our own practice.
Our paper will articulate and document instances of
knowledge production, informal learning and
education work that take place in the everyday worlds
of social activism, highlight linkages between such
knowledge(s) and praxis/action, and illustrate
tensions over whose knowledge and voice(s) are
counted in development debates and practice. In
doing so, this paper discusses the following
questions:
• What is the nature of knowledge production and
education in social movements and how do these
processes contribute to/inform social
change?
• What are some of the major tensions and power
dynamics around the
politics of these forms of knowledge production
and how do they
challenge/relate to dominant/professionalized
26
 CASID
forms of knowledge?
What is the significance of these tensions and
contests over knowledge
for social movements and social change?
• How might scholarly research into social
movements and critical
David Austin - Independent
Vanguards and Masses: Global Lessons from the Grenada Revolution
Between March 1979 and October 1983, the tiny
Caribbean island of Grenada engaged in a
revolutionary process that inspired individuals and
movements across the globe. It was a short-lived
process that traumatically imploded in a manner even
more dramatic than its ascendance on the world
stage, due in part to inexperience and the pressures
inherent in attempting to carry out a revolution in the
United States’ “back yard”. But brief as it was, the
Grenada Revolution was no fleeting moment. In this
paper I will demonstrate that this revolution embodied
in microcosm many of the challenges that confronted
20th century socialism and social movements, and
that, as such, Grenada’s experience has profound
and universal implications for our understanding of
social transformation and the dynamics of liberation.
I will suggest that, without ignoring the role played by
the pressures of the Cold War and the threat of U.S.
Shannon Walsh - McGill University
Knowledge and Power in South Africa: Xenophobia and Survival in the Post-Apartheid State
In May 2008, South Africa was racked with the worst
xenophobic violence since the end of apartheid. In the
space of a few weeks, over sixty people--
overwhelmingly migrants from other African countries-
-were viciously attacked and killed by bands of
vigilantes. Tens of thousands of people were
displaced, many seeking protection outside local
police stations, community and church halls and
temporary, precarious camps constructed throughout
the country.
The camps became the most lasting visible reminder
of the violence. Hemmed in by barbed wire, the
former township residents braved the winter in the
Cape and Gauteng. In many cases their possessions
were lost and their shacks burnt to the ground or
taken over by former neighbors. Initially the state
responded with denial, or tried to characterize the
2010 ACÉDI
adult education be informed by epistemologies of
knowledge and theory
emerging from social action contexts, and vice
versa?
Email: dkapoor@ualberta.ca
intervention in Grenada, the revolutionary
leadership’s messianic faith in Marxist-Leninist theory,
and its blind dependence on vanguard politics
distanced it from the majority of Grenadians,
profoundly shaping the direction that the revolution
would ultimately take.
Lastly, I will argue that if existing and future social
movements and socialist governments can learn from
this revolution’s inspiring but tragic experience, then
perhaps they will avoid many of the pitfalls that beset
Grenada. Lessons from the Grenada Revolution are
not only important to the revival of the Caribbean Left.
Grenada was a microcosm of the world in which Cold
War politics played themselves out with both inspiring
and tragic consequences, and the world, particularly
the generic left, has much to learn from Grenada’s
experience.
Email: ldkaustin@gmail.com
events as the work of criminals or a third force. Yet
these explanations were difficult to sustain as images
of death mounted in the newspapers.
While the violence simmered, the ‘knowledge
industry’ of research institutes and non-governmental
organizations (NGOs) attempted to come to grips with
both the root causes of the violence and the local
sparks that lit it. Rarely were those subjected to the
violence heard from, even though many of them knew
their attackers.
Throughout this presentation we explore how the
underlying meaning and contradictions that the
refugees posed for the South African state were
covered over and controlled by a stranglehold on
knowledge production that silenced the voices and
first-hand accounts of refugees themselves. The
27
 CASID 2010 ACÉDI

xenophobic violence and official responses to it open increased inequality and worsening conditions for the
an important window into South African that poorest sections of society.
challenges a transition that has seen fifteen years of Email: shannondawnwalsh@gmail.com

May 31st – 12:45 PM

Local: EV 2-776

CJDS Information Session

Moving Forward

Stephen Baranyi – Ottawa University

Email: sbaranyi@uottawa.ca

Haroon Akram-Lodhi - Trent University

Email: haroonakramlodhi@trentu.ca

DAY ONE: Conference Sessions

May 31st – From1:45 PM to 3:30 PM

Panel 12 – Local: LB540

Putting Culture in Development / Development in Culture
Chair: Abigail Bakan - Queen’s University
Email: bakana@queensu.ca

Marcus Taylor - Queen’s University

Conscripting Competiveness: Culture, Institutions and Capital in Contemporary Development

Urging countries worldwide toward the inexorable
pursuit of competitiveness has become a mantra for
leading international institutions such as the OECD,
World Bank and IMF. Predicated on the
modernisation script of the new institutionalist
economics, competitiveness is to be achieved
through encompassing institutional reforms that elicit
a profound reshaping of the practices, values and
conduct of postcolonial citizenries. In conditions of a
liberalised economy, the triumvirate of good
governance, formalised property rights, and the
lubricant of (micro)credit are envisaged to cut through
the suffocating bonds of informal social institutions to
unleash a hitherto constrained culture of

28
 CASID
entrepreneurship among the popular masses. The
latter are then charged with pulling themselves out of
poverty. The fractures of the project result not simply
from the failure of reformers to overcome entrenched
interests or the intransigent resistance of its intended
protagonists, but because capitalist development is
intrinsically uneven, leaving a growing tract of
humanity as surplus to the accumulation of capital. As
Ritu Verma – Out of the Box Research and Action
A View from Inside the Machine: Culture, Power and Development Disconnect in Madagascar
Development projects have profound impacts on
people and their enivornments the world over.
Anthropologists, for instance, have demonstrated the
way they fail to achieve their intended goals on a
regular basis, and the way they unleash a whole host
of unintended consequences. The focus of much of
the analysis has been on development discourses,
interventions, policies and projects and the way the
lives of the « the target population » is most affected
by them. These studies have revealed a great deal
regarding disconnects in knowledge, science and
power. This paper argues that what has often been
left out of the analysis are the lives of those women
and men who are doing the actual « targeting ». That
is, the development practitioners and experts who
make up the massive industry called development.
Based on multi-sited and multi-ethnographic fieldwork
in the Central Highlands of Madagascar, this paper
focuses on development disconnects within
intercultural encounters between and among
development practitioners and rural farmers. By
studying the social and cultural lives of development
Maureen Sioh - De Paul University, USA
The Hollow Within: Anxiety and Performing Postcolonial Financial Policies
Abstract: In 1997-98, East and Southeast Asia
experienced a region wide financial crisis that saw
national currencies lose 75 per cent of their value and
stock markets wiped out. The financial crisis became
an antagonistic and racialised referendum on ‘Asian
values’ between certain Asian governments and their
Western critics. What was the larger political
significance of this focus on ‘Asian values’? Focusing
on the Malaysian government’s controversial decision
to go against the international financial community by
2010 ACÉDI
a result, although framed in terms of equity and
freedom, subjects who are structurally unable to
embrace the conduct of competitiveness must be
reformed, restrained or coercively removed. Violence
emerges as the inevitable yet silent concomitant of
competitiveness.
Email: marcus.taylor@queensu.ca
practitioners at the same time, and in the same way
we study the lives of rural farmers, different domains
of relations, negotiations, conflicts, meanings and
decision-making come into view that were not part of
the frame before. It highlights how social and cultural
worlds influence (and are inextricably intertwined
with) working worlds, and vice versa. It illustrates
how decisions and life choices made in the social
lives of development practitioners shape their working
lives. And because development practitioners are
advantaged in terms of power and access to
resources, these decisions also shape the way
development is actually conceptualized, configured
and reproduced. It becomes apparent that the social
and cultural lives of development practitioners,
although normally considered as “private” and
“unofficial” domains of development, have profound
effects on the way development is deployed, lived
and experienced.
Email: rvermapuri@yahoo.ca
implementing currency controls during the crisis, I
argue that the debate over ‘Asian values’ can be
understood as performances to challenge and defend
psychologically the conventional hierarchy of
international relations that followed its symbolic
disruption due to the economic success of the
regional economies prior to the crisis.
Email: msioh@depaul.edu
29
 CASID
Mitu Sengupta – Ryerson University
A Million Dollar Exit from the Anarchic Slum-World: Slumdog Millionaire's Hollow Message of Social Justice
British director Danny Boyle's hugely popular and
multiple award-winning film, Slumdog Millionaire, has
received acclaim for not only its entertainment value,
but its so-called realism and humanism. I contest the
latter characterisation, arguing that the film's reductive
view of slum-spaces will more likely reinforce
negative attitudes towards slum-dwellers, along with
lending credibility to the sorts of policies that have
historically dispossessed them of power and dignity.
By drawing attention to the film's celebration of
Panel 13 – Local: EV6-809
Sustainable development in the post-Copenhagen era
Chair: Lance W. Robinson - Vancouver Island University
Email: Lance.Robinson@viu.ca
Discussant: Larry Swatuk - University of Waterloo
Email: lswatuk@uwaterloo.ca
Alejandra Roncallo - York University
The Fourth Moment of the New World Order: Obama, the Environment and a Shift
in Capitalist Accumulation
This paper will argue that there is a fourth moment of
capitalist accumulation emerging and that it is based
on a market approach to the environment. The paper
will be focused on the Americas. It will first address
President Obama s policies towards the region, then
Beth Jean Evans - Dalhousie University
North-South Relations under the Clean Development Mechanism:
Bridging the Divide or Widening the Gap?
The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the
Kyoto Protocol has been hailed as the grand
compromise of the North-South divide over climate
change mitigation for its ability to reconcile the
environmental and economic demands of the North
with the developmental needs of the South. However,
despite its important role in demonstrating the
reconcilability of Northern and Southern interests in
climate change mitigation, the CDM has primarily
2010 ACÉDI
characters and spaces that signify Western culture
and Northern trajectories of ‘development,’ I also
engage with some of the troubling issues raised by
the film's success, which call to mind the important
question of who is looking at whom, or the
relationship, in other words, between the
object/culture of the camera's gaze and the
subject/culture involved in the gazing.
Email: msenguptapolitics@ryerson.ca
his focus on the Environment and the Copenhagen
debate towards the Post Kyoto Protocol Agreement. It
will finally touch on Indigenous perspectives on the
Environment and more particularly on Copenhagen.
Email: aler@yorku.ca
been analyzed from isolated economic,
environmental, or developmental perspectives; as
such, its efficacy in bridging the North-South divide
remains poorly understood. This research examines
the CDM in a holistic manner acknowledges the
broad range of factors affecting nations’ decisions to
participate in an international agreement to which
they are not legally bound. The CDM is therefore re-
conceptualized as a mechanism which is designed
30
 CASID
not to provide cost-efficient emission reductions or to
facilitate sustainable development, but rather to
increase the likelihood of future Southern nation
cooperation in climate change mitigation efforts by
demonstrating that their developmental aspirations
would be enhanced, rather than inhibited, by
participating. An empirical examination of the CDM’s
project-type and project-location distribution trends
analysis of a number of procedural issues shows that
Julie Drolet - Thompson Rivers University
Climate change, disasters and sustainable development:
Beyond the Copenhagen Accord ridging global and local community responses
Climate change is the most significant environmental,
social, cultural and economic threat facing
humankind. In 2007, the United Nations
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPPC)
concluded that evidence of global warming is
unequivocal: that it is caused by greenhouse gas
emissions from human activity and that it is
threatening ecosystems, societies, cultures and
economies worldwide. Rising sea levels, increased
heat waves and drought occurrences, and increased
extreme precipitation events have the potential to
devastate our quality of life. The United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change defines
climate change as "…a change of climate which is
attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that
alters the composition of the global atmosphere and
which is in addition to natural climate variability
observed over comparable time periods." Nationally
and internationally, the frequency of natural disasters
is increasing. The cumulative effect of these
disasters produces a significant personal, material
and economic strain on individuals, communities and
Panel 14 – Local: LB 619
Gender & Livelihood issues in Iran, Bangladesh and Cameroon
Chair: Fiona MacPhail - University of Northern British Columbia
Email: macphail@unbc.ca
Discussant: Denyse Côté - Université de Québec en Outaouais
Email : denyse.côté@uqo.ca
2010 ACÉDI
significant trade-offs exist between Northern and
Southern interests under the Mechanism and
suggests that the latter are often sacrificed. On this
basis, conclusions are drawn which point to the need
for increased attention to, and accommodation of, the
interests of Southern nations in the CDM specifically,
and global climate change mitigation and sustainable
development efforts more broadly.
Email: bjevans@dal.ca
the fiscal capacity of all levels of governments.
Prevention/mitigation strategies can reduce or
prevent disasters, losses and emergency response
and recovery costs that would otherwise be incurred.
British Columbia (BC) is feeling significant effects of
global warming. From fires in the Okanagan, to
severe wind and rain storms on the west coast and
Vancouver Island, to flooding in Squamish, British
Columbians are seeing increasing evidence of how
weather change can adversely affect our lives. The
paper presented will discuss preliminary findings of
this SSHRF funded study that aim to better
understand the impacts of climate change on small
cities and rural communities in BC by focusing on
community responses and adaptations. The global
climate negotiations in Copenhagen will be critically
reviewed in order to better understand how local
communities view problems and solutions and to
identify innovative ways to moderate and adapt to
climate change.
Email: jdrolet@tru.ca
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 CASID
Roksana Bahramitash - University of Montreal
Zohreh Fanni - Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
Women’s Self-Employment and Cooperative in Low-Income Neighbourhoods of Tehran
This paper focuses on self-employed women of low
income neighborhood of south Tehran. The work has
been based on a research which has incorporated
formal data extracted from the latest census with that
of field local data, complied in 2009. Women from
these households find employment in the informal
sector since this sector provides more opportunities
for employment than that of the formal sector.
Moreover, many women mange to raise funds and
credits through their informal network such as
cooperative funding institutions. These are
credit/saving clubs popular particularly among those
Shah Md Nawaz - Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs
Microfinance and Women’s Empowerment: Evidence from a Village Study in Bangladesh
The main target of microfinance programs is women
and one of the objectives of microfinance is to
empower them. Due to the compatibility of
microfinance with current development ideologies, it
has been favoured in the last two decades as an
instrument of development and women’s
empowerment. However, studies of microfinance
programs around the world show that there are
debates over their impact. Although some studies
show that microfinance has the potential to empower
women, this finding is questioned by some
researchers, while others show that microfinance also
has the potential to disempower women. Using a
village study in Bangladesh, this research attempts to
determine whether involvement in a microfinance
program has led to greater empowerment of women,
and if it has, the processes through which this
empowerment has occurred. It also examines, under
which circumstances microfinance could fail to
improve the position of women borrowers?
2010 ACÉDI
suffering from poverty. The informal sector, credit
clubs and other sources of funds are critical to
poverty alleviation. Such efforts are outside of state
sponsored welfare program and are highly vital to
survival strategy of those live in the worst economic
conditions. The paper brings together quantitative
data together with that of qualitative and case study in
order to shed light on the importance of ways in which
women from low income household empower
themselves economically.
Email: roksana.bahramitash@umontreal.ca
Email: z-fanni@sbu.ac.ir
To evaluate the impact of microfinance on its
borrowers, a village in the Comilla district of
Bangladesh was selected where the Grameen Bank,
BRAC and ASA have been operating for more than
five years. This study used various empowerment
indicators to measure the impact of microfinance on
the borrowers. Although both quantitative and
qualitative information show that over a period of
three to six years there were increases in these
indicators both for the microfinance borrowers and
non-borrowers (the control group), the increase was
greater in the case of microfinance borrowers. It is
argued that the difference between the borrowers and
the non-borrowers is a consequence of microfinance.
The study concludes that microfinance has had a
moderate impact on the empowerment of women. To
make microfinance a more effective means of
women’s empowerment, other services such as skills
training, education and gender related strategies
should be included with microfinance.
Email: shah.nawaz@ontario.ca
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 CASID 2010 ACÉDI

Lotsmart Fongjong - University of Buea, Cameroon

The Paradox of Gender Discrimination in Land Ownership and
Women’s Contributions to Poverty Alleviation in Cameroon

Land is the bedrock of the dominantly agrarian
Cameroonian economy. It is therefore an important
factor of production to both men and women
particularly in the rural areas. Women constitute the
majority of rural dwellers who as peasant farmers
exploit the land for family welfare. These women feed
their homes, educate the children, and pay medical
bills amongst many other services from the land.
Women are therefore the livewire of rural households
and key players in the struggle against poverty.
Unfortunately, most Cameroonian women in rural
areas work on land they do not owned and over which
period they cannot determine. Customary practices in
some localities deprive women from inheriting and
buying land. The men thus own the land while the
women work on it. The logical outcome is that any
long term or major investment on the land must first
receive the blessing of the men, no matter how useful
such activity might be for the wellbeing of the family.
Although women continue to operate under this
prevailing situation, they have put on a number of
quiet resistances in the face of persistent poverty.
This paper highlights some of the arguments of
customary practices that violate women’s land rights
and the various forms of resistances from women. It
examines the role of landless women in poverty
alleviation and advocates for gender mainstreaming
in land reforms as one of the ways forward for poverty
alleviation particularly in rural areas.
Email: lotsmart@yahoo.com

Panel 15 – Local: LB 211

Griot : Commentaires et rétroaction selon trois axes d’analyse
Dominique Caouette - Université de Montréal

Harley Jonhson - Indépendant

Hélène Jolette – UPA-DI

Panel 16 – Local: EV2-776

Education, development and globalization
Chair: Peter Joong – University of West Indies, Caribbean
Email: yee.joong@uwimona.edu.jm

Discussant: Nina Di Stefano – Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada

Email: ndistefano@aucc.ca

Tejwant K. Chana - University of Alberta

Educational Perspectives of Globalization and Development in India

The world has undergone a “great transformation” dissertation in which I explored the perspectives of
(Polanyi, 2001; [1944]) which has resulted in an neoliberal globalization post-1991 economic reforms
economically interconnected globalized world. This in Delhi, India in 2009 within the field of education. A
paper focuses on the research findings of my doctoral total of 128 participants were involved of which 75

33
 CASID
secondary education students and 13 post-secondary
students participated in a focus group, and the
remaining 40 participants 11 teachers, 3 school
Principals, 7 academics from higher education, 6
academic educational administrators and planners, 6
curricula developers, 7 key individuals and
organizations involved in educational reform) were
individually interviewed. Key findings centre around
(a) understandings and perspectives of globalization,
(b) the impacts of globalization, and (c) local-global
Shelley Jones - State University of New York, College at Potsdam
Internationalism, ‘development’ and global citizenship: reflections through
an international transdisciplinary online course
“Development”, especially in reference to countries
and cultures in the South from the purview of the
North, is most often constituted in terms of prevailing
neoliberal discourses that dominate the media. Often,
it is not until essentializing assumptions and agenda-
laden misrepresentations are deconstructed through
reflexive and critical discourse analysis that deeper,
more complex understandings emerge. This
necessarily involves creating critical dialogical spaces
for multiple perspectives, incisive analysis of issues of
agency, position and power, and emphasis on
historical contextualization of issues that reference
‘development’. In this paper, two instructors of
Perspectives on Global Citizenship, an online
interdisciplinary and international distance education
course offered through the Department of Sociology
at The University of British Columbia, reflect on the
relationship between student experiences in this
course and the development of their critical
awareness of and commitment to global citizenship,
even as they embrace the contradictions and ethical
dilemmas of such a commitment (Swanson, in press).
Through a focus on a pedagogy of ‘glocalization’, this
Melanie O'Gorman - University of Winnipeg
Public Education Expenditure Prioritization in the Developing World:
Is Universal Primary Education an Optimal Policy?
Over the last decade, the achievement of universal
primary education (UPE) has steadily built momentum
as a focus for action within international fora. UPE
targets feed into Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers
(PRSPs), which are national development plans
whose focus is on both economic growth and poverty
reduction. PRSPs are in turn used as the basis for
2010 ACÉDI
citizenship. This research provides an opportunity for
educators and developmentalists to (a) access
current understandings and perspectives of
globalization from a South nations’ perspective, and
(b) the role of education in reproducing poverty and
inequality, and (c) the educational prospects that exist
in ameliorating inequality and poverty in India. I draw
upon Wallerstein’s world-systems theory to both
position the rationale of my research, and its analysis.
Email: tchana@ualberta.ca
would include critical awareness of dilemmas and
possibilities of volunteering abroad, for example. As
instructors who reflexively consider the impact of the
course on our own identity formation and lived
experiences, we encourage participants to
development ‘reflective judgment’ (King & Kitchener,
1994) that might lead to active, justice-seeking
community-oriented engagement. In so doing, we
attempt to provide a supportive pedagogic commons
for them to engage in transformative learning
experiences that shape their outlook on
interconnected global and local issues, but are also
action-oriented and enabling. Through critical textual
analysis of discussion forums (Macfadyen & Hewling,
2009), we consider the ways in which students who
have taken this course have developed their
understanding of their roles and responsibilities as
global, active, participatory citizens, particularly
around issues of equity, and ecological and social
justice.
Email: jonessk@potsdam.edu
International Monetary Fund and World Bank funding.
While renewed support for UPE and the introduction
of PRSPs can be viewed as welcome initiatives in
their own right, the implication of their interaction has
not been fully taken into account in the literature. The
new prioritization of primary education has called for a
uniform ratio of expenditure on primary relative to
34
 CASID
post-primary education across countries. In this
paper, I investigate the consequences of such rule-
setting, given incentives for countries in achieving
targets required for additional finance from the
international financial institutions. Such a rule is likely
sub-optimal in a wide range of countries, given the
wide variation across countries in the existing
provision and quality of primary relative to post-
primary education. In order to illustrate this, I develop
a model of private and public financing of education
Panel 17 – Local: EV1-605 - Joint session CASID-ESAC
Climate change in Bangladesh
Chair: Nilfur Ahmad - World Bank
Iqbal Alam - Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies, Fellow
A Method to Analyze the Role of Social Capital and Gender in Climate Change Adaptation in Bangladesh
This paper presents the findings of the scoping study
designed to test the study locations and
methodologies to be used in the project ‘Gender,
Social Capital, Local Governance and Climate
Change Adaptation in Bangladesh’ (GSCC). The
linkages between the livelihood capital assets
possessed by a community and their adaptive
capacity provided the opportunity to understand the
strengths and limitations of the methodological tools
used and the sites selected. While conducting the
study, it was borne in mind that the findings and
lessons learned from the study will contribute towards
the scoping of an applicable approach to gender
dimensions of adaptation to climate change. Before
commencing the actual field work in the eight
selected study locations or ‘hotspots’, field
Shirley Thompson - Natural Resources Institute
Preliminary findings from the gender, social capital, local governance and climate change adaptation in
Bangladesh Study
Focused adaptation measures are needed for women
who are more vulnerable than men to climate related
impacts due to their social status, cultural norms, lack
of access and control over resources and lack of
participation in decision making processes. This study
of ten climate change hotspots in Bangladesh
considered that women bear a disproportionate
burden of consequences of climate change because
2010 ACÉDI
which views education as a process of long-term
human resource development. This model highlights
how primary, secondary and tertiary education may
be prioritized by developing country governments,
and how private incentives are affected by the public
provision of education in varying degrees and
qualities in a country. I then highlight how the
predictions of the theoretical model are borne out in a
number of Sub-Saharan African countries.
Email: m.ogorman@uwinnipeg.ca
researchers of the study team made preliminary visits
to the sites to get an overview of the village
community and verify the appropriateness of the site
selected. Qualitative and quantitative tools designed
for the study were pre-tested in some of the locations
before embarking on the actual study. The main
EACC study was conducted in eight hotspots across
the country, each being vulnerable to one of the
climate change related hazards in Bangladesh. Apart
from the field work, the study also involved
‘Participatory Scenario Development’ (PSD)
workshops at national, regional and local levels. The
GSCC Study aims to understand the differential
impacts of climate change on men and women and
disparities between their adaptive capacities.
of their marginalized status and dependence on local
natural resources. Hotspots were defined as an area
most vulnerable to a particular type of climate change
related hazard. The hazards in thèse hotspots include
river flood, flash flood, tidal flood, cyclone, salinity
intrusion, waterlogging, drainage congestion and
drought. A rural livelihoods framework and method
was applied that recognized social capital as an asset
35
 CASID 2010 ACÉDI

that households can draw upon in constructing their networks and channels through which government
livelihood strategies, enhancing their capacity to programs can effectively support rural communities in
adapt climate change scenario. At a broader scale their efforts to adaptation to climate change.
social capital contributes to the effective operation of

Durdana Islam - Natural Resources Institute

Rural livelihoods in Bangladesh

DAY ONE: Conference Sessions

May 31st - F r o m 3 : 4 5 P M t o 5 : 3 0 P M

Panel 18 – Local: LB 540

Lessons from 2 HD models: Kerala and Cuba
Chair: Bina Agarwal - Delhi University, India
Email: bina_india@yahoo.com

Joseph Tharamangalam - Mount Saint Vincent University

Lessons from Two Human Development Models: Kerala and Cuba

This paper will present the main findings of a three
year comparative study of Kerala and Cuba, two
societies of the global south well known for their
human development (HD) achievements despite low
economic growth and incomes. It will highlight some
foundational and critical elements behind their high
HD achievemens which include the central role of the
state and related public insitutions, high degree of
democratic public participation involving considerable
public discourse and public reasoning. It will also
examine the new challenges faced by them in the
wake of globalization and market reforms and
attempt to assess how they are facing these
challenges.
Email: jtharamangalam@yahoo.com

Henry Veltmeyer - Saint Mary’s University

Rethinking human development: Deconstruction of a Deficient Model

The UNDP in its annual Human Development Reports
has formalised a conception of development as
freedom, advocated by Amartya Sen, that has been
widely used as a means of giving development a
social dimension and capitalism a human face. This
paper will deconstruct the thinking behind the UNDP’s
model of Sustainable Human Development from a
‘critical development’ standpoint. It is argued that the
limitations of this model as a guide to development
practice stems from several conceptual deficiencies.
Email: hveltmeyer@smu.ca

36
 CASID
Mark Rushton – Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Mexico
Cuba as a socialist model of human development
This paper argues that the Cuban revolution is based
on a socialist model of human development, and that
crucial features of this model were responsible for the
way in which Cuba weathered the storm of the
Panel 19 – Local: EV6-809
Gender and Environment
Chair: Eugenia Pearson – Quick P.R. Consultant Services
E-mail: whyymee@bellnet.ca
Discussant: Douglas Brown – York University
E-mail: dbrown@glendon.yorku.ca
Christine Gibb - University of Guelph
The Gender of Trees
This study explores gendered local knowledge
systems in a Ghanaian forest fringe village,
elucidating linkages among environmental
degradation, loss of local knowledge and gender. It
investigated the content and processes of acquisition
and transmission of tree-related knowledge, and how
these areas differed among community members.
Qualitative data were collected in semi-structured
interviews, participant photography and workshops.
Research findings confirmed the centrality of
biophysical and social environments, local practices,
belief systems, gender and informal and non-formal
learning experiences in shaping tree-related
knowledge and management strategies. First, despite
the increasing formalization of knowledge and
emphasis on formal schooling, and the deteriorating
state of the biophysical environment, most of what
community members know about trees was learned
through social and experiential learning within the
local ecosystem. As such, place and personal
experiences in informal and non-formal learning
environments continued to play vital roles in shaping
local knowledge systems. Second, local knowledge
2010 ACÉDI
‘special period’ and managed to sustain the
achievements of the Revolution into the new
millennium.
Email: mrushton@mac.com
was not uniformly distributed in content and depth,
but instead corresponded to engagement in daily
subsistence and commercial activities. Opportunities
to engage in these activities were influenced by the
gender division of labour, gender roles and gendered
resource tenure systems. Third, study participants’
commitment to tree management was affected by a
variety of factors – engagement with trees,
awareness of trees and their uses, ability to mobilize
resources, personal need and/or use for the benefits
derived from trees – and was balanced with other
commitments. Moreover, their commitment to
management and conservation efforts was usually
limited to familiar species exhibiting desirable
characteristics. Fourth, while there was a potential for
formal education to supplement the tree component
of local knowledge systems, it cannot be a perfect
substitute because of the importance of place. These
findings underscore the importance of beginning
agroforestry projects with an understanding of within-
community differences in preferences and needs.
Email: chrisgibb@gmail.com
37
 CASID
Ishara Mahat - University of Western Ontario
Gender, Energy and Human Freedom in Nepal
Rural energy in general and biomass, in particular,
has a great impact on people’s wellbeing especially
on the life qualities of rural women as they are directly
involved in production and management of household
energy system. Energy poverty involves multiple
deprivations such as economic, social, cultural and
ecological. Using biomass as exclusive source of
energy in rural areas of Nepal has a major effect on
human capabilities especially of women due to the
social and cultural deprivation. For instance,
increased use of biomass fuel consumes maximum
women’s time and labor and affects children and
women’s health limiting the production and
reproduction capacities of women (e.g. inability to be
involved in other social and economic activities),
which, in turn limits their capacities to access better
energy services impacting negatively on the overall
live qualities of rural population. Energy is not only
Marie Fall - Université du Québec à Chicoutimi
Salmata Ouedraogo - Université du Québec à Chicoutimi
Femmes et changements climatiques en Afrique subsaharienne
Selon la Banque mondiale, « le territoire africain est
particulièrement vulnérable aux changements
climatiques, et ce pour des raisons multiples : hyper
dépendance vis-à-vis des ressources naturelles,
manque d’infrastructures, étendue de la pauvreté et
faible capacité de réaction des institutions ». Les
changements climatiques sont aujourd’hui une réalité
et les femmes en subissent grandement les
conséquences. Eu égard à leur statut et leur rôle
dans le développement des communautés, elles se
trouvent démunies ou impréparées face à certains
défis majeurs. Les analyses sur les changements
climatiques ne prennent pas toujours en compte la
dimension du genre. Or, les femmes, en raison de
leur rôle clé dans les communautés africaines, sont
celles qui supportent la plus grosse part des
externalités négatives que ce phénomène entraîne
(désertification, déforestation, évènements climati-
ques extrêmes, accentuation des tensions autour des
ressources naturelles, rareté de l’eau, etc.).
2010 ACÉDI
about providing better energy services but also
enhancing the human capabilities that are deprived,
which could be strengthened for the well being of
women and their families. The challenges are then to
identify energy options that help to address both
energy poverty as well as human poverty so as to
increase the human freedom and their capabilities for
the well being of rural households.
This paper aims to analyze the deprivations of energy
poverty that are more detrimental in achieving human
freedom and human development. This will help to
provide an impetus for developing most appropriate
energy strategies and policy measures for alleviating
energy deprivations and there by to promote the
human freedom as well as sustainable energy
development.
Email: ishara_m@hotmail.com
Cette communication s’intègre dans le thème «
Femmes, genre et développement ». Les femmes
sont des acteurs clés du développement
socioéconomique des communautés. Leurs activités
de production sont très dépendantes des ressources
naturelles. Les politiques de lutte contre les
changements climatiques et l’adaptation des
communautés doivent par conséquence prendre en
compte leurs besoins et leurs spécificités. Après avoir
présenté les manifestations des changements
climatiques en Afrique subsaharienne, nous
analyserons leurs impacts sur les femmes et les
actions ou initiatives pour améliorer leur capacité
d’adaptation. Pour ce faire, nous ferons une revue
des données et des politiques relatives aux
changements climatiques, particulièrement les
impacts et les moyens mis en œuvre en Afrique
subsaharienne.
Courriel: marie.fall@uqac.ca
Courriel: salmata.ouedraogo@uqac.ca
38
 CASID
Panel 20 – Local: LB 619
Development and the business sector
Chair: David McDonald – Queen’s University
Email: McDonald dm23@queensu.ca
Discussant: Delaney Greig – University of Toronto
Email: delaney.greig@utoronto.ca
Ahmed T. Rashid - University of Ottawa
Aga Khan - University of Ottawa
A “fair” business: Skin whitening cream and the ethics of marketing in South Asia
Beauty products such as the skin-whitening creams
are increasingly popular in many countries in
Southern Asia. In India for example, skin-whitening or
the `fairness` industry is growing at 15-20% every
year catering to mainly women, and increasingly,
men. Broadly, the phenomenon of using skin-
whitening products can be seen from two divergent
perspectives. On the one hand, these products
reinforce a historical pre-occupation with fair skin in
contexts such as India and are manifestations of
racism and sexism expressed through existing
cultural and social mediums. On the other hand, the
products can be seen as a tool of empowerment by
helping to women to become whiter, which in turn,
can serve as a cultural capital in some social
contexts. This particular discourse of empowerment
has been forwarded by large multi-national retailers
who are driving the demands for these products in
many countries in the South. This paper traces the
tensions between these two perspectives and argues
that the view of skin-whitening products as
empowering hides the underlying economic and
Marta Rohatynskyj - University of Guelph
Cyber-relationships, Cause Marketing and International Development
The eighth Millennium Development Goal
emphasizes the importance of a partnership with the
corporate world in order to attain the preceding
goals. This emphasis on the role of corporations in
development is seen by many as a result of the
neoliberal agenda which has diminished the role of
government and the state in providing services to
citizens and in spearheading economic development
efforts. Further, it is argued that the minimization of
the role of the state and the maximization of the role
2010 ACÉDI
ethical dimensions which are in fact disempowering
for women. In particular, questions needs to be asked
about marketing and selling the whitening creams to
the poorer segment of the population. Skin-lighteners
generally contain toxic materials like lead,
corticosteroids and hydroquinone, which pose a
serious health threats such as skin diseases, etc. The
poor are especially vulnerable with very little
consumer protection clauses. Furthermore,
expenditure on skin care products means poor spend
less on other basic needs. The advertisements of
skin-whitening products portray a highly negative
perception of women with darker complexion and thus
could have a very damaging psychological effect on
millions who cannot afford to buy the products. All
these factors highlight how the retailers of skin-
whitening products are benefiting from a historical
bias for fairer skin and perpetuating a process of
`unethical consumption`.
Email: tareq.rashid@gmail.com
Email: khan.aga@gmail.com
of corporations has resulted in a ‘moral capitalism’
that requires corporations to police themselves to
behave in a socially responsible and ethical manner.
A debate continues about whether the corporation
can find common interest with the poor and act in a
manner that would promote both the interests of the
corporation and the interests of the poor. This debate
signals the pervasiveness of a sea change in
development discourse as experienced in the cyber
reality of everyday life. The particular aspect to be
39
 CASID
addressed in this paper is the nature of the
relationships formed by citizens of developed
communities with members of underdeveloped
communities whose cause has been taken up by
corporate/NGO partnerships. Of particular interest
here are microfinance institutions which make it
possible for donors to guarantee loans for micro-
borrowers in underdeveloped communities on the
internet. A second type of instance is found in what
is termed cause marketing where a corporation
through its partnership with an NGO promises that a
certain proportion of moneys gained through sales of
Mizan Rahman - University of Lincoln
Ahmed T. Rashid - University of Ottawa
How Social Marketing Achieves Public Health and Development Goals in a Developing Country
The paper illustrates how a socially motivated
organisation in Bangladesh, namely SMC (Social
Marketing Company), went through a journey of
commercial and non-commercial activities in the path
of sustainability.
As an organisation, SMC is unique. It is regarded as
the largest privately-managed not-for-profit
organisation in the world for a single country. The
Company is registered under the Companies Act,
1913 in Bangladesh and is governed by a voluntary
Board of Directors. Social marketing in Bangladesh
was initiated 35 years ago to challenge the rapid
population growth by marketing contraceptive
products widely accessible at a price affordable to the
general population and bring about behavioural
change through extensive mass promotion. The major
social marketing programmes SMC implements
include family planning, child survival, maternal and
child health, institution and STD/AIDS prevention
programme. In addition, SMC implements customer
education and health communication programmes.
SMC is now regarded as a significant contributor to
the reproductive and child health services in
Panel 21 - Local: LB 211
GRIOT: Conclusions
Nicole St-Martin - Université de Sherbrooke
Olga Navarro-Flores – UQAM
2010 ACÉDI
its product will be donated to a cause in an
underdeveloped community. This paper points out
the fuzzy line between corporate gain and the
common good as promoted by a neoliberal discourse
that encourages the development of shared values
between corporations and civil society. It is argued
that given the development of the internet individual
to individual relations promoted by these development
mechanisms mask the structural features of economic
underdevelopment.
Email: mrohatyn@uoguelph.ca
Bangladesh by complementing the public sector
distribution with private sector social marketing
model. In 2008, SMC provided 3.97 million Couple
Years of Protection (CYP) through offering three
modern methods – oral pills, condoms and
indictables. The products are targeted at different
segments of consumers of varying socio-economic
background. The poor citizens specially benefit from
these as family planning is a way of fighting poverty.
Linkages and inter-connectivity in brand development
of a social marketing company and the way forward is
the subject matter of this paper. It intends to illustrate
that socially motivated enterprises can thrive in
different forms (company), modes of branding
(individual/umbrella branding) and organisational
(same/new organisation) growth and direction. The
sustainability issue is compared and contrasted
keeping donor funding continuity and commercial
activities in mind. It is interesting to appreciate the
involvement of the private sector in solving national
public health problems.
Email: mizanadd@yahoo.com
40
 CASID
Panel 22 – Local: EV2-776
Local, indigenous identities, land and nature resource defence strategies
This panel forms the backdrop of a book project that
aims to provide a rich array of recent case studies of
local and Indigenous communities in various contexts
in Africa, Asia and the Americas who are using
different strategies, and facing different challenges in
defending their relationship with the land and local
natural resources. The three case studies provided in
the panel presentation reveal some of the complexity
inherent in this multi-faceted topic: community agency
Chair: Jonathan Langdon - St. Francis Xavier University
Email: jlangdon@stfx.ca
Discussant: Dip Kapoor - University of Alberta
Email: dkapoor@ualberta.ca
Blane Harvey - Institute of Development Studies at the University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
Community-NGO partnerships for sustainable rural agriculture: Unpacking the impacts of alliance
This paper explores the conflicting impacts that
Community-NGO partnerships have in shaping the
use and defence of rural livelihoods in the face of
globalisation and neo-liberalism. It takes as an
example a partnership in eastern Senegal which
could, on many levels, be seen as a model of
community-level engagement, and examines the
ways in which these relations impose new forms of
ruling relations (Smith, 2005) upon communities.
Drawing upon Agrawal’s (2005) conception of
“environmentality” and Foucault’s analysis of micro-
technologies of power (1977), it explores how this
partnership has introduced new forms of extra-local
coordination upon communities, embedded within a
discourse of local empowerment, enhanced
livelihoods, and environmental sustainability. Finally,
it considers how such relations discursively “invent
the peasant” (Harvey, 2009) along lines that serve to
further entrench the roles and identities of both
members of the partnership, incrementally improving
the quality of their livelihoods and embodying the
agreed-upon principles of “good practice”, without
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in the face of external NGO support for organic
farming practices; the search for leadership and
patrimonial champions in the face of community
exclusion from a protected nature reserve; and,
ongoing discursive struggles in the maintenance of
communal access to a salt flat. It is hoped that panel
discussions will deepen the interconnected analysis
of these case studies, and invite connections to other
potential contexts.
evolving to such an extent as to rupture the continuity
of their cooperation, or each other’s raison d’être.
However, in a region where food insecurity and
poverty are daily realities, the risk and complexity of
disengaging or destabilising these forms of
partnership must first be appreciated from the
perspective of community collectives themselves.
This tension presents an important site for critical
collective reflection, and a potential opportunity to
reshape their engagement in new ways. However,
the increasing external coordination that community
members face also colonises the physical, temporal,
and conceptual spaces fundamental to these types of
critical reflection and learning (Cornwall, 2004)
thereby weakening their capacity to re-imagine the
terms of their engagement with the outside support
that has so shaped them. This invites the question of
whether/how communities or collectives engaged in
initiatives established from the outside can secure the
critical distance needed to meaningfully engage in
praxis around their own environmental development.
Email: b.harvey@ids.ac.uk
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 CASID
Scott Matter - McGill University
“We have no leaders:” fighting for land and development at Enoosupukia, Kenya, through patrimonial
democracy
Residents of Enoosupukia, a highland former forest in
Narok District, in Kenya's Rift Valley Province, deal
with a great deal of insecurity and hardship in their
daily lives, much of which centres around contested
ownership and control of approximately 2,750
hectares of land. The land in question has been
subject to tenure transformation since the 1960s and
was reclassified as a conservation forest in 1993,
resulting in repeated threats of eviction and perpetual
insecurity. When asked about the source of hardship,
people routinely respond that “we have no leaders,”
by which they mean elected representatives and
administrative officials. This statement not only
mirrors that of Chabal and Daloz (1999) who state
that in patrimonial politics, “the truly destitute are
those without patrons” (42), but also alludes to the
importance of patronage networks in gaining and
maintaining access to land and other resources at
Jonathan Langdon - St. Francis Xavier University
Reconfiguring colonial history in Ada, Ghana:
Local natural resource use and contesting development in the new world order
The research presented here is one outcome from
participatory research with Ghanaian activist
educators collectively analyzing social movement
dynamics and learning in Ghana since the return to
democracy in 1992. This presentation will focus on a
local social movement in Ada, Ghana, that is
defending communal ownership and access to a salt
flat, a key natural resource for livelihood in the area.
This aspect of the research draws on the work of Peet
and Watts (2003) as well as Kapoor (2007) in
suggesting first that local relationships with and
defense of natural resources are a key area of study,
and that the movements that evolve from these
struggles draw strength from the way they are
embedded in people’s livelihoods as well as cultural
identity. One of the key conclusions of this
participatory study is that defending a communal
relationship with a salt flat also has deep implications
on the ways in which development is being conceived
locally, nationally and within the new world order.
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Enoosupukia in particular and in Kenya more
generally.
This paper examines the multiple strategies of
political engagement used by residents of
Enoosupukia as they seek to build and nurture
connections with the political elite and the state in
order to secure their claims to rights in land and
access financial resources for local development. In
particular, I make use of material gathered through
participant-observation and informal interviews during
local campaigns for Kenya's 2007 General Election to
discuss both public performances of patrimonial
relationships and clandestine negotiations with
candidates. I argue that, for people at Enoosupukia,
rights in land and the ability to pursue development
depends on both negotiation of local cultural politics
and integration into Kenya's political culture.
Email: scott.matter@mail.mcgill.ca
Key to unpacking this conclusion is the way in which
the struggle of the Ada movement has historically
contested the topographical power of the state
(Ferguson, 2006) in dictating the way in which the salt
flat was to be embedded within a development-
through-modernization agenda. Instead, the
movement has consistently presented an alternative
model of national access to the resource that remains
embedded in traditional communal management
practices. Added to this, the most recent struggle of
the movement uses a revised account of colonial
history that downplays the role of chiefs to destabilize
current attempts by local chiefs to enclose the salt
flats in the name of local entrepreneurial
development. However, in both articulations of
struggle what is ultimately being contested are
attempts to immerse this natural resource into the
marketized logic of the neo-liberal new world order.
Email: jlangdon@stfx.ca
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CASID 2010 ACÉDI

DAY ONE
May 31st - 6 P M
General Assembly, Cocktail and Book Launch
Local: EV2-204/238/260

43
CASID 2010 ACÉDI

DAY TWO

Development in a new world order

Le développement dans un nouvel ordre mondial

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DAY TWO: Conference Sessions
June 1st - From 9:00 AM to 10:45 AM
Panel 23 – Local: EV11-705
Gender and Development in Central Asia
Chair: Roksana Bahramitash – University of Montreal
Email: roksana.bahramitash@umontreal.ca
Discussant: Nipa Banerjee – University of Ottawa
Email: nipa.banerjee@uottawa.ca
Shama Dossa - University of Toronto
Troubling Empowerment Narratives
The narrative of empowerment when told appears
solid on the surface, a story you can hold on to, one
you can stand tall on, test your weight on and know
that the surface will hold. It generally evokes a vision
of a revolutionary grass roots participatory process
which is inclusive and provides a voice to
marginalized people (particularly women)
strengthened by collective organizing and solidarity
(Parpart et al 2002). Tongues and textbooks
enunciate concrete words such as autonomy,
freedom, self esteem, social transformation, poverty
alleviation, local indigenous bottom up strategies and
participation. However when probed with a stick the
narrative uncoils itself to reveal an amalgam of
constructs encompassing a multiplicity of truths,
knowledge constructs and power relations; diverging
violently and unpredictably I might add when it comes
to their material outcomes. The purpose of this paper
to consider how narratives of empowerment are
Aamir Jamal - University of Calgary
Gender, education and development: Engaging men for gender equality and girls’ education
in the Pashtun tribes of Afghanistan and northern Pakistan
The aim of this study is to analyze how male
discourses of power construct barriers to girls’
education and to co-construct ways of overcoming
those barriers through the participation of Pashtun
men. The research focuses on identifying the
contradictory ideas and stereotypes from religion,
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constructed; how they are constituted and
transformed; how a narrative can be a source of both
simultaneous empowerment and disempowerment
and both engender and deflect resistance. Using a
transnational feminist lens I attempt to examine a
particular meta narrative of WEMC (Women’s
Empowerment in Muslim Contexts) ( 2009) , a
multisite feminist activist and academic endeavor
grounded in the Pakistani context. I draw on WEMC
as an example to explore how the warp and weft of
neoliberal, feminist and politico-Islamic narratives are
entangled in the production and consumption process
of this narrative. I believe that these entanglements
have significant discursive and material implications
for the politics and ethics of knowledge production
and consumption within development and feminist
discourse.
Email: shama.dossa@gmail.com
culture and politics that have shaped male
perceptions of women’s role in education. The focus
of my study is Pashtun men, who have the power to
create obstacles to women’s education as well as
remove them. Men are the ‘gatekeepers’ of gender
initiatives and are potential resistors of change and if
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we do not effectively involve men in gender equality
programs, most of our efforts will be either rejected or
simply ignored by the community. A qualitative Delphi
method is used to answer the following key questions:
How do Pashtun men perceive girls’ education? What
are the major factors restricting girls’ education in the
Pashtun tribes? How do Pashtun men perceive the
role of the international non-governmental
organizations (INGOs) in gender development
issues? How can development organizations most
constructively engage men in girls’ education
initiatives/projects? How can international community,
nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), policy-
makers, and the community work together to ensure
Pashtun girls’ access to quality education? Twenty
experts have been recruited through purposive
Maliha Crishti - Ontario Institute for the Studies in Education (OISE)/University of Toronto
Gender and the Development Battlefield in Afghanistan: Nation-Builders vs. Nation-Betrayers
This paper explores the impact of the War on Terror
on international development interventions in "post-
conflict" Afghanistan. Both Afghan men and women
continue to face formidable challenges in efforts to
collaboratively build sustainable peace across the
country. This paper challenges any claims about the
neutrality or impartiality of postconflict aid
interventions in Afghanistan, and will critically focus
on the violent campaigns waged by extremists
against the diverse forms of international aid
interventions across the country.
Drawing from a feminist, post-colonial framework, this
paper examines the politics of development
interventions as sites for the continued conflict
between anti-government factions and Western
governments. In examining the policy statements of
western governments and through interviews with
Afghan women activists, this paper centrally argues
Panel 24 – Local: EV3-635
Security & Development in Fragile States
Chair: Peter Tamas - Wageningen University, The Netherlands
Email: peter.tamas@wur.nl
Discussant: Anil Varughese – University of Toronto
Email: anil.varughese@utoronto.ca
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sampling to construct a multi-disciplinary group
(fathers, community leaders, religious leaders,
academics and gender and development
professionals) for the Delphi panel. Qualitative
observations and preliminary interviews have been
conducted in the tribal region of North West Frontier
Province (NWFP) of Pakistan. In view of the
international community’s increased involvement in
the reconstruction and socio-economic development
of Afghanistan and Pakistan, the findings of this
research will help non-governmental development
organizations in designing effective policies as well as
formulating efficient implementation strategies for
gender related programs in the region.
Email: ajamal@ucalgary.ca
that Afghan women are caught in the front lines of a
new development "battlefield", and are projected as
both "nation-builders" and "nationbetrayers" as each
side is vying for greater influence and control over
Afghan women to serve their ideological and political
agendas. On the one hand, imperialist forces
encourage women to be active participants in the
nation-building efforts of their country in order to
demonstrate western politico-military and ideological
defeat over Islamic extremism, while simultaneously,
many Afghan women and girls are being actively
discouraged and publicly threatened for "betraying"
their culture and traditions if they are linked to
"imperialist" aid projects, whether as organizers or
participants. This paper highlights the implications of
ideologically motivated, militarized aid to Afghanistan.
Email: maliha.chishti@gmail.com
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 CASID
Stephen Baranyi (& Jennifer Salahub) - University of Ottawa
Police reform and democratic development in lower-profile fragile states
Over the past five years, OECD donors have
formulated guidelines and a handbook to orient their
increasing involvement in security system reform
(SSR) throughout the South and particularly in so-
called “fragile states”. These normative instruments
recommend a range of measures to ensure that
donor involvement reinforces human development
goals such as national ownership, democratic
consolidation and gender equality. However Mark
Sedra and other analysts have cogently argued that
this model is in “crisis” in high-profile fragile states
such as Afghanistan and Iraq, where counter-
insurgency strategies distort or even negate
democratic development approaches to SSR.
Drawing on original cases studies of police reform in
Burundi, Haiti and Southern Sudan, our paper will
demonstrate that democratic development
David Gillies (Abraham Sewonet and Simon Lubang) - North-South Institute
Policing and Security System Reform in Southern Sudan
This paper will do two things. First, in the context of
OECD guidelines on holistic approaches to security
system reform, the paper will briefly survey current
SSR priorities as they are articulated by aid donors
and sub-national government in one post-conflict
setting, namely Southern Sudan. The paper will draw
out the rationale for prioritizing the modernization of
the army as the first order of business and examine
the implications of this choice for the overall
architecture for SSR in a fragile, insecure but
nominally post-conflict environment. Second, drawing
on field research of citizen perceptions of security and
Rosario Adapon Turvey - Nipissing University
Economic Security, Development and Fragile States
Across the globe, basic rights to life and security are
violated in fragile states where over 500 million
people live in extreme poverty. Although each
situation varies from state to state, their geographies
of representation in the world economy and the
political arena are constructed as spaces of
development and precarious states at risk from
failure, i.e., where livelihoods and income sources
have eroded dramatically. Understanding state
fragility in development and the security field could
2010 ACÉDI
approaches to SSR have more scope for application
in fragile states that are not on the front lines of the
“war on terror”. Yet even in such lower-profile
contexts, the case studies suggest that key factors
converge to complicate their application. A social
constructivist perspective will be used to explain how
agency and institutional dynamics at the national and
international levels, and structures such as the
enduring legacy of patrimonial politics, shape the
prospects for developmental approaches to SSR in
these contexts. The paper will end by relating these
nuanced findings to wider debates on the challenges
of putting the vision of effective development
cooperation, codified in the Paris Declaration, into
practice in the new world (dis)order.
Email: sbaranyi@uottawa.ca
insecurity, the paper will examine current policing
approaches and the potential for police reform.
Policing is an aspect of SSR that is relatively
neglected in the current priorities of international
partners and the sub-national government. These
two strands of inquiry will enable some initial
observations to be made about the relationship
between generic SSR policies and real world practice
in a lower profile conflict situation.
Email: dgillies@nsi-ins.ca
help policy makers with informed decisions on how
best to engage fragile states with unique problems
that pose challenges to conventional solutions. This
paper stresses the need for research for a
constructive engagement with fragile states to
investigate the spatial dynamics of how local
institutions, actors and initiatives contribute to building
economic security (ES) at the community level. By
examining the spatial variables on state fragility in
economic security, the study expects to provide
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insights, lessons learned and evidence on how local
people and institutions in selected study countries
have adapted to crises and post-conflict settings to
escape the ‘fragility trap.’ The objective is to create
opportunities and non-mainstream interventions
based on proactive, systematic and prevention
measures, rather than ad-hoc, piece-meal
approaches for designing ‘stability response
frameworks’. The theoretical base is to account for
the spatial dynamics of fragility as informed by
securitization theory and geography. Current political
Panel 25 – Local: EV 11-119
Water & Development Issues
Chair: Terisa Turner - University of Guelph
Email: terisatu@uoguelph.ca
Discussant: Gabriela Silva – Université du Québec à Montréal
Courriel: gabriela-silva@usc.inrs.ca
Larry Swatuk - University of Waterloo
Msimbithi Ntloko - University of Waterloo
Institutional Change for Effective Water Governance in Post-Apartheid South Africa
Since 1994, South Africa has thoroughly revamped its
legal and institutional frameworks for water resources
management. New water laws are in place; new
processes of decision-making have been created
along with new lines of authority. Today, the
Department of Water Affairs bears little resemblance
to its apartheid predecessor. Inequality of access to
adequate quality and quantities of water was a
hallmark of the apartheid system. To move toward
redressing past inequalities and preparing the future
for sustainable, equitable and efficient water resource
use, the first post-apartheid government
fundamentally transformed the structure and
functioning of the relevant Ministry and its key
Department. Internal transformation occurred at
several levels. Institutional change reflected the aims
and objectives of the new Water Act, whereby water
resources management was to be undertaken within
the context of 19 Water Management Areas
(corresponding more or less to natural or functional
watersheds) that would eventually give rise to 19
Catchment Management Agencies. Several internal
as well as external factors were driving this move
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explanations are insufficient bases for understanding
why an increasing number of fragile states are ‘falling’
and situated at the bottom of the world’s development
spectrum. The task is to understand the nature and
direction of development in fragile states vis-à-vis
economic security. Researching ES and state fragility
in spatial terms is of theoretical and practical
importance for promoting the economic well-being of
more than forty fragile states and the overall security
of the rest of the world.
Email: rosariot@nipissingu.ca
toward matching service delivery/management
agencies with river basins. In addition, the entire
process has been transparent, guided by ideals of
inclusivity, participation and subsidiarity.
Despite such concerted efforts at fundamental
transformation, outcomes have yielded limited
positive results. As shown in our paper, this is due to
a combination of three socio-political factors: limited
human resource capacity; bureaucratic inertia;
political changes external to the water sector.
Locating our analysis within the complementary
theoretical frameworks of good water governance and
stakeholder participation in water management, the
paper:
• Describes the establishment of WMAs and
CMAs
• Examines the performance of this particular
institutional set-up in delivering effective
water governance
• Evaluates the place of stakeholder
participation in the new institutional set-up
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• Identifies the problems and successes of the
shift away from apartheid style water
governance; and
• Makes several suggestions and
recommendations for improved water
management and governance
The paper’s findings are derived from a primarily
quantitative methodology combining standard
elements of data triangulation: (i) extensive
Govind Gopakumar - Concordia University
Reforming Water Supply Infrastructure Regimes in India:
Do Public Private Partnerships have a role to play?
In the international development discourse, Public
Private Partnerships (PPP) have emerged as an
important governance strategy for enhancing the
access of marginalized residents to essential urban
infrastructures such as water supply. With the
inception of neoliberal economic reforms in India, in
Indian cities too, PPP have become an innovative
approach to expand coverage of water supply and
sanitation infrastructures. Instead of making
infrastructures more participative, critical voices have
argued that partnerships are precursors to reforms
that will eventually privatize these essential
infrastructures. However there has been little study of
Panel 26 – Local: EV1-162
Development theories and models in Latin America
Chair: Susan Healey - Senior Consultant, Harry Cummings and Associates
Email: shealey@uoguelph.ca
Discussant: John Cameron - Dalhousie University
Email: john.cameron@dal.ca
Hepzibah Munoz Martinez - El Colegio de la Frontera Norte, Matamoros
Crisis, Maquiladoras and the Failures of Mexico’s Development Model
The credit crisis in the United States has had major
impact on Mexico’s export-oriented economic model,
particularly in the maquiladora or in-bond plants, due
to the dependency of this model on American
markets. Prior to this U.S. economic downturn,
several analysts considered that the maquiladora
2010 ACÉDI
literature review; (ii) key stakeholder interviews;
(iii) snow-ball process of stakeholder
identification for further interviewing/fact-checking
and acquisition of additional secondary data sets,
policy documents, and so on. Nvivo software was
utilized in the coding and organization of
interview data.
Email: lswatuk@uwaterloo.ca
the dynamics of partnership efforts in different urban
contexts – how will these efforts affect existing
infrastructure regimes? will partnerships facilitate or
weaken neoliberal reforms in water supply regimes?
Reviewing some of the recent literature on urban
political analysis, this paper uses a comparative
approach to understand the dynamics of water supply
and sanitary infrastructure development in the Indian
context. In order to do so this article will develop a
framework to understand the empirical case of five
water supply and sanitation partnerships in three
metropolitan cities in India.
Email: govind@encs.concordia.ca
sector was already in crisis because of the lack of
technological innovation in the sector (Carrillo y
Hualde, 1997; Gereffi, 2001; Hualde 2002) or the
absence of linkages to the national economy and the
low added value of this industry (Alarco Tosoni, 2006;
Mercado Celis, 2004; Dussel Peters, 2004; Villarreal,
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2005). These explanations emphasize how
competition from China and the current U.S. credit
crisis only intensify the decline of this in-bond
industry. Indeed, these approaches provide insights
into the dependency of the maquiladora on American
markets and the relationship of this sector to the
national economy. However, it also needs to be
explored the articulation that global finance has with
local productive processes in assembling plants in the
Mexican border with the US. This paper argues that
the financial exposure of multinational companies
linked to maquiladoras have put enormous pressure
on labour restructuring and wages, reproducing and
intensifying the failures of the export-oriented
Colin Hamlin - Saint Mary’s University
Latin American Neostructuralism: The Contours of a Paradigmatic Synthesis
Latin America has practically served as a laboratory
for various approaches to development in the last
quart of the twentieth century, having witnessed
several drastic and rapid changes in its policy
orientations. Since 1990, a new paradigm for
economic development as emerged in Latin America
that promises to combine reactivated economic
growth with social equity and political democracy.
Latin American neostructuralism constitutes a
pragmatic paradigm for development that overcomes
the revolutionary and fundamentalist idealism that
had earlier characterized development approaches in
the region. The evolution of the neostructuralist
synthesis is traced through the development crisis of
the 1980s and into the restructuring of the 1990s.
The integrated policy framework is deconstructed to
show how neostructuralism justifies its policy
recommendations, revealing its core assumptions and
contradictions. Particular attention will focused on
Patrick Clark - University of Waterloo
Manuel Larrabure - Ontario Institute for Studies in Education/University of Toronto
The Social Economy and Development in ‘Twenty-First Century Socialist’ Venezuela
My recent research has examined both theoretical
and practical dimensions of the ‘twenty-first century
socialist’ development model in Venezuela, its
relation to the other new left governments in Latin
America and to global politics more broadly. However,
my focus within the Venezuelan case is on the state-
fostered social economy initiatives which are being
promoted by the Chavez government as part of its
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development strategy in Mexico. This paper explores
the financial operations of Delphi, GM’s main supplier,
in international financial markets and its relationship
to Delphi’s plant closures and further restructuring in
its maquiladoras in Matamoros, Mexico. Such a focus
on the relationship between global finance and local
productive processes in maquiladoras is central to
promote policies that not only emphasize added
value, technological innovation and linkages to the
national economy but also address the negative
impact that excessive financial operations have on
labour rights and wages.
Email 1: hepmunoz@gmail.com
Email 2: hma25@sfu.ca
how neostructuralism views the balance between the
state and the market in the development process.
Neostructuralism has a more comprehensive theory
of the agency of the state than does neoliberalism,
but at the same time neostructuralism largely limits
the state to a stabilizing force, making sure that
markets function smoothly, and that transnationalized
export production continues to expand. The limit of
the neostructuralist synthesis is found to be its
tendency to reduce the complexity of development
issues to mechanical problems, curable by simply
implementing enlightened policies alone.
Neostructuralism is found to be a useful reference
point for development actors in the region, but its
excessive cooperative focus must be complimented
by other perspectives that address power relations,
anti-developmentalist forces, and strategies to
overcome them.
Email: Colin.hamlin@gmail.com
‘endogenous development’ plan. The Major Research
Paper I completed for my Master’s degree
incorporates fieldwork that I conducted this past
summer while visiting Venezuela focused on the
state-sponsored ‘social economy’ initiatives including
national the Ministry of the Communal Economy and
the government’s Plan Café, which targets small-
scale producers. Through my research, I have strived
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to critically evaluate some specifics around public
policies and the social economy in Venezuela in
relation to broader theoretical and political themes.
My research is theoretically informed by some of the
recent literature which has emerged on post-
neoliberalism, the social economy as well as some
more conceptual issues around social democratic
politics and participatory democracy and governance.
In my paper I critically examine the discrepancies
between the discourse, policies and practices of the
Chavez government development strategies and the
contradictions and successes of the development
model playing out on the ground in Venezuela. My
research methodology is a combination of fieldwork
Panel 27 – Local: EV3-760
Développement, l'environnement & les OMD en Afrique
Chair/Discussant: Boubacar Oumarou
Courriel: boubacar22002@yahoo.com
Marie Fall (et Mamadou Dimé) - Université du Québec à Chicoutimi
Objectifs du millénaire pour le développement à réévaluer ?
Alors que jusqu’aux années 90, la réalisation du
développement était le slogan des politiques et des
actions des États africains, aujourd’hui la lutte contre
la pauvreté semble être le facteur essentiel pour sortir
du sous-développement. La massification de la
pauvreté a contribué à la placer au centre des
préoccupations, des discours et des agendas des
acteurs du monde du développement : États,
institutions internationales, organismes spécialisés
des Nations Unies, bailleurs de fonds, organisations
non gouvernementales.
La prise de conscience des proportions de la
pauvreté s’est matérialisée en septembre 2000 par
l’adoption des Objectifs du Millénaire pour le
Développement (OMD) qui ont été établis suivant des
scénarios optimistes et une répartition des
responsabilités et des engagements qui en appelaient
au devoir de solidarité des pays riches. Ils reposent
sur l’impérieuse nécessité de combattre l’extrême
pauvreté. À la lumière de l’intensité de la crise
actuelle et de l’ampleur de ses conséquences
actuelles et anticipées, il est opportun d’examiner les
2010 ACÉDI
through participant observation and interviews in
Venezuela, an examination of relevant government
policy documents and an extensive literature review
on Venezuelan history, politics and the rise of the left
in Latin America. It is my intention to continue this
research into doctoral studies next fall. The Bolivarian
Revolution has deeply impacted inter-American
relations and public policies related to development in
the region. A critical understanding of the specific
successes and challenges of the ongoing
transformation in Venezuela is thus indispensible for
development scholars and practitioners alike.
Email: patrickclark1986@gmail.com
incidences que la crise financière aura sur les OMD.
Notre communication vise à les cerner à l’échelle des
pays d’Afrique subsaharienne. Elle s’appuiera sur les
données macro-économiques disponibles dans les
rapports et études de la Banque mondiale et du
Fonds monétaire international ainsi que de ceux des
institutions spécialisées des Nations unies pour
répondre à la question de l’éventuelle réévaluation ou
non des OMD à la lumière du nouveau contexte
économique international.
Nous aborderons les points suivants : 1) la
massification de la pauvreté et l’adoption des OMD
en Afrique subsaharienne : rôles et responsabilités
des acteurs, agenda des réalisations ; 2) la crise
financière actuelle : significations, causes,
manifestations ; 3) les répercussions de la crise
financière en Afrique subsaharienne ; 4) des OMD
devenus hors d’atteinte ? : les impacts de la crise
financière sur les OMD ; 5) réévaluer ou renforcer les
OMD : esquisse de scénarios pour le futur en matière
de lutte contre la pauvreté.
Courriel: marie.fall@uqac.ca
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 CASID
Denise Piché (Jessica Gagnon, Émilie Pinard, Ayao Missohou et Évariste) - Université Laval
Entre prédation et production : les villes peuvent-elles opérer un renversement
dans leur rapport à l’agriculture?
L’expansion urbaine au vingtième siècle s’est le plus
souvent faite aux dépens des terres agricoles,
l’urbanisation étant d’ailleurs habituellement vue en
opposition territoriale et sociale avec la paysannerie
et la production alimentaire. Le vingt-et-unième siècle
sera-t-il celui d’un espace rurbain productif au plan
alimentaire? La communication présente les résultats
de travaux sur les conditions et les modes de la
production maraîchère et, surtout, de l’élevage dans
la périphérie de Dakar, sur les contraintes que
Mebometa Ndongo - Université du Québec à Montréal
L’intervention de la Banque Mondiale et la reconfiguration institutionnelle au niveau local :
la construction d’Une gouvernabilité au Sénégal
Les institutions qui gouvernent les territoires se
construisent sous l’emprise du contexte. À l’heure de
la mondialisation, la construction institutionnelle, celle
de la gouvernabilité, est un processus bidirectionnel.
La conjugaison de l’influence globale et la force locale
crée l’institutionnalité orientée par la globalisation.
Ainsi sous l’effet du contexte global, resurgit une
géographie d’interactions correspondante à celle
d’acteurs territoriaux. Celle-ci s’imbrique dans la
configuration préexistante créant un nouveau schéma
et un système différent où les acteurs mondial et local
permettent le processus de gouvernabilité induit de
manière programmée.
L’intervention urbaine en quatre décennies par la
Banque Mondiale au Sénégal montre une
reconfiguration où continuité et rupture jalonnent
l’évolution de huit projets déconstruits et reconstruits
soumise à la consultation d’experts, après l’examen
du contexte, des objectifs, des stratégies opératoires
et du bilan. Cette intervention illustre la greffe qui
implante l’idéologie néolibérale véhiculée sur le
territoire sénégalais. Elle permet de constater
comment le Sénégal facilite et accompagne les
mécanismes afférents à cette greffe. Ce rôle
2010 ACÉDI
l’expansion urbaine leur impose et sur les adaptations
possibles dans les modes de production ainsi que
dans la gestion foncière et la structuration du cadre
bâti. Il s’agit à la fois de maintenir une production
alimentaire au sein du tissu urbain afin de rapprocher
les sources vivrières des populations et de soutenir
des pratiques qui sont source de diversité écologique
et culturelle.
Courriel: denise.piche@arc.ulaval.ca
facilitateur/accompagnateur par l’acteur local se
conjugue avec celui d’instigateur par l’acteur mondial.
Il en résulte une dynamique normative, rationnelle et
théorique incluant un processus de re-scaling.
L’environnement structurel, l’apprentissage
opérationnel et la gouvernabilité constituent la
triangulation ayant valorisé le contexte d’un projet de
développement urbain par la gestion, le bilan, les
objectifs et les stratégies opératoires dans
l’interprétation de sa dynamique. Dessinée
progressivement par l’ajustement municipal, une
version territoriale de l’ajustement structurel,
l’exportation, l’importation et l’implantation des savoirs
marquent cette dynamique. Traduite par le cycle des
projets, celle-ci se cristallise par des jalons
conceptuels encastrés dans l’évolution de la Banque,
un processus de transformation, d’internalisation,
d’endogénéisation et d’inculturation institutionnelle,
un contact interactioniste inégalitaire entre l’acteur
local et l’expert externe, et la construction d’une
institutionnalité locale dans la structure politico-
administrative imposée par le néolibéralisme
occidental.
Courriel: mebometaguy@yahoo.ca
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 CASID 2010 ACÉDI

Panel 28 – Local: MB1/210

June 1st – 11:00 AM – 12:45 PM Keynote Speaker

Camilla Toulmin
Climate Change in Africa
Changement Climatique en Afrique

Chair: Henry Veltmeyer – CASID President

-
Discussant: Kevin Dunn
Hobart & William Smith Colleges, USA

Camilla Toulmin, International Institute for Environment and Development

Climate change is a major challenge focus all, but for African countries it represents a particular threat and
will hit the poorest hardest. Camilla Toulmin will talk about a range of threats and opportunities from natural
disasters to biofuels; from conflict to the oil industry and asks what future there might be for Africa in
carbon-constrained world.

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DAY TWO: Conference Sessions
June 1st - From 1:45 PM to 3:30 PM
Panel 29 – Local: EV11-705
Development and Communication
Chair: Conny Davidson – University of Calgary
Email: davidsen@ucalgary.ca
Discussant: Becky Lentz - McGill University
Email: becky.lentz@mcgill.ca
Cassandra Eberhardt - Queen’s University
Latino Identity and Spanish Language Ethnic Media: The Latin American Community in Toronto
Recent years have witnessed the rapid growth of
international migration, with many countries
experiencing an influx of transnational migrants from
non-traditional sending countries. Stemming from
changes to immigration policy, Canada has also
experienced a significant influx especially in the
number of Latin American immigrants however there
is still a relative dearth of research on this diaspora.
This study is set in the diasporic context of Canada
with a focus on the Latin American `community` in
Toronto and their ethnic media. It explores the
contested terrain of the term `Latin American` as an
identity and how Spanish-language ethnic media
constitutes as a space where ambivalent and
unstable points of personal and ethnic identities are
(re)negotiated. The aim of this paper is to address
two key questions: (1) What are the processes
through which Spanish-language ethnic media has
developed as a ‘community of practice?’ and (2) How
Louisa Nakanuku - Carleton University
Modernity, Communication and Development: One Interlinked Historical Process
This essay aims to illustrate the concepts of
modernity and development, and assesses how they
are intricately linked to communication. The essential
premise is that modernity, communication, and
development have developed through one interlinked
2010 ACÉDI
has ethnic media maintained, transformed, and/or
(re)produced Latino ethnic identity? Grounded in
transnationalism and identity politics, this study
explores the diasporic media space of the Latin
American diaspora. The research questions are
designed to detect the shifting and fragmented
character of Latino diasporic identities; and to reveal
the influences, if any, ethnic media have over
diasporic imaginations of what it means to be a
member of the Latin American `transnational
community` in Canada. These questions are
addressed through a detailed analysis of Latin
Americans` settlement in Canada and a content
analysis of Spanish-language ethnic newspaper, El
Correo. It is hypothesized that ethnic media can
constitute a space within which ethnic identities may
develop and emerge.
Email: 7ce4@queensu.ca
historical process rooted in the enlightenment grand-
narrative.
History is continuous. Thus, times gone by are not
times truly past, as in obsolete, but are threaded
through in different formats into the present. In the
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 CASID 2010 ACÉDI

same sense, the concept of development, as we
understand it today, is not a new phenomenon, but
can actually be traced back to the seventeenth
century. Using Escobar’s (1995) three main features
of development that are subjected to change with
each adoption of a new developmental concept – that
is, the forms of knowledge, subjectivity, and systems
of power – I am suggesting four distinct periods of
time that indicate a shift of development from
evolution of humanity to one that has been forced,
first by open aggression and thereafter by gentle
persuasion, until it finally became normalized. Based
on the analysis of key texts, these phases are: (1)
The Western Religious Missionary Agenda from
roughly the seventeenth century onwards until the
mid-nineteenth century; (2) The Globalization as
Imperialism Agenda from roughly the late-nineteenth
century toward the end of World War II (WWII); (3)
The Modernization Agenda from WWII until the end of
the Cold War; and (4) The Multilateral Agenda from
the Cold War up to our present development concept.
The results of this essay essentially set development
as a series of discourses. This allows us to
understand the ambiguity of development today and
to find new ways of imaging modernization. This is an
especially pressing moment in which to do so
because non-Western countries have started to
create their own form of modernity that in ways reflect
their own social systems.
Email: lnakanuku@msn.com

Conférence Conjointe - ACELAC – ACÉDI

Joint Conference - CALACS – CASID
Local: FG-C070
Horaire: 13h à 14h

Franklin Midi - Département de sociologie - Université du Québec à Montréal

Haïti post-séisme:
Reconstruction nationale, intégration régionale latino-caribéenne
et configuration d’un nouveau monde américain

Panel 30 – Local: EV3-635 – Table Ronde sur Haïti 1

Horaire: 14h à 15h30
L’avenir d’Haïti :Points de vue sur le rôle de la recherche et de la formation universitaires
Regards des universités: Comment les universités canadiennes et haïtiennes s’impliquent-elles, ensemble,
dans la reconstruction d’Haïti? Comment la recherche, la formation et la réflexion critique universitaires
peuvent-elle contribuer à la reconstruction du pays?

Chair: Denyse Côté – Orégand - Université du Québec en Outaouais

Mireille Mathieu - Université de Montréal

Vice-rectrice aux relations internationale
Déléguée à l’Agence universitaire pour la Francophonie

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 CASID 2010 ACÉDI

Gonzalo Lizarralde - Université de Montréal

Professeur à l’école d’architecture
Coordonnateur du groupe de travail interuniversitaire et interprofessionnel
«Haïti initiative 2010: reconstruction viable à Haïti»

Jean-Marie Bourjolly - Université du Québec à Montréal

Professeur au département de management et technologie
Membre du sous-groupe de travail sur l’éducation supérieure du
« Groupe de réflexion et d’action pour une Haïti nouvelle »

Laurier Turgeon – Université Laval

Chaire de recherche du Canada en patrimoine ethnologique
Coordonnateur d’un groupe de travail sur le patrimoine matériel et immatériel d’Haïti

Panel 31 - Local: EV1/615

Speaker from the South

Gender and forest conservation: The impact of women's

participation in community forest governance
Bina Agarwal - University of Delhi, India
The impact of women's participation in community forest governance
Economists studying environmental collective action and governance
have paid little attention to gender, while research on gender and the
environment in other disciplines has focused mainly on women's
near absence from such governance institutions. Bina Agarwal’s
recent work reverses the focus by examining the impact of women’s
presence in community forestry institutions. A central question she
explores is: would enhancing women's presence in such institutions
improve forest conservation and regeneration?

Chair: Ben White - Erasmus University Rotterdam

Discussant: Jane Parpart - University of the West Indies

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 CASID
DAY TWO: Conference Sessions
June 1st - From 3:45 PM to 5:30 PM
Panel 32 – Local: EV11-705
Canadian NGOs & Development in Africa
Chair: Marie Fall - Université du Québec à Chicoutimi
Courriel: marie.fall@uqac.ca
Discussant: Robert Hazel - Consultant
Email: roberthazel_01@hotmail.com
Dominic Hakim Silvio - Dalhousie University
The role of Canadian NGOs in protection of human rights and encouragement of conflict settlement in the
Sudan between 1980&2004: Any significant impacts?
The 1980s marked a shift in Canadian foreign policy
towards the Sudan as the Canadian government
became much more concerned with the Sudan as the
human death toll from the war and famines in the
South of the country, West (Darfur) and East of the
country brought the Sudan into the spot light of
international issues. This concern for the welfare of
the Sudanese found its first expression in CIDA’s
programmes of assistance to the Sudan. Just before
the recurrence of the civil war in 1983, Canadian aid
to the Sudan jumped to more than CA$20million and
continued at or above that level well into the 1990s.
Much of this aid involved either bilateral food aid or
humanitarian assistance administered by international
relief organizations (INGOs). The question is, does this
increase in aid by the Canadian government
encourage Canadian NGOs in the Sudan to also
promote Canadian foreign aid policy which advocated
for peace and national reconciliation or was it only for
the provision of humanitarian assistance? If yes, how
significant was their involvement and what forms did it?
Heather MacKenzie - Dalhousie University
An Alternative Relationship? Foriegn Participation in the Zambian Community School Movement
This study is an exploration and analysis of the
participation of foreigners in the Community School
2010 ACÉDI
This paper will investigate the level of involvement of
Canadian NGOs in the Sudan in terms of protection
of human rights, and encouragement of conflict
settlement or peace and national reconciliation. It will
also assess whether their involvement had significant
impacts on the lives of ordinary Sudanese during the
North-Sudan conflict. The time covered in the study is
twenty four years, from 1980 to 2004, because during
this period the Sudan began its ugly downward
trajectory into what has been termed as the longest
war in the history of Africa. The study will draw on the
review of the projects of these NGOs, their reports
and mandates in the Sudan. Apart from consulting
these documents I shall also draw on my experience
as a former young activist in the Sudan who had a
critical eye towards these NGOs. The paper hopes to
highlight the continuities and discontinuities of
Canadian NGO involvement in the Sudan as well as
the underlying role of politics in development work.
Email: d.silvio@dal.ca
Movement (CSM) in Zambia. This study revolved
around the Racecourse Community School (RCS) as
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 CASID
a case study and included some Zambians who have
founded and are running that school, and some
Canadians who have been participating in their
activities. The Primary Research Question stemmed
from Post Development Theory, which is highly
critical of the development industry and the role that
“Westerners” have traditionally played in the
“developing world”. Viewing the CSM as a potential
alternative to traditional development methods, the
study asked the question, are there appropriate ways
for foreigners to participate in the CSM? The term
‘appropriate’ is meant to encompass forms of
involvement that tend to empower the people who are
running the CSM to achieve their goals, and forms of
involvement that break down hierarchical race
relations and global inequalities generally.
The research methods included semi-structured
interviews and focus groups, as well as participatory
observation in Canada and Zambia. The study
Hugo Pollender - Université Laval
Évaluation de la pérennité du programme de SUCO au Mali :
Étude de cas d’une Association de Développement Villageois de la commune de Soye
Un grand nombre de programmes se déroulent dans
les pays en voie de développement. Trois, cinq ou
encore dix années d’activités nous portent à croire
que leurs actions ont su changer les choses et que
ces changements s’inscrivent dorénavant au cœur
des collectivités appuyées. Pourtant, des études nous
démontrent que la pérennité des programmes est
fragile, et que souvent, après le retrait de l’appui et du
financement, ils ne survivent généralement que
quelques années.
Cette communication propose d’illustrer le
déroulement d’une recherche évaluative de la
pérennité du programme de l’ONG canadienne
SUCO (Solidarité Union et Coopération) qui a été
menée au Mali en 2009. C’est au cœur d’une
commune extrêmement enclavée de la cinquième
région du Mali, que 26 villages gèrent, à travers leur
Association de Développement Villageois (ADV) et
leur Association Intervillageoise (AIV), plus de
400 000 $ CA entièrement dédiés à leur
développement. De notre position de jeune chercheur
en évaluation de programme, une question se posait :
2010 ACÉDI
concluded that foreign involvement in the RCS has
been a largely positive experience for those involved
and foreigners have provided sustained support that
has enabled the Zambian participants to carry out
their goal of providing quality education to orphans
and vulnerable children. Therefore, there are a
number of ways in which foreign participation in this
movement may be considered appropriate. Aspects
of the relationship between foreigners and Zambians
in the CSM serve as examples of how “Westerners”
might participate in alternatives to development.
There is, however, room for improvement particularly
in the areas of race-relations and global inequalities.
The significance of this research lies primarily in its
contribution to scholarly study on how foreigners
might contribute to alternatives to traditional, expert-
lead, modernist, linear development, such as social
movements.
Email: mackenzie.heather@gmail.com
est-ce que ces associations, qui ont émergé grâce à
SUCO, sont, après dix années d’appui, aujourd’hui
pérennes ? Cette recherche évaluative avait deux
objectifs :
1) Explorer ce qui a pu participer à la pérennité d’une
des ADV de la Commune;
2) Évaluer la pérennité actuelle de ladite ADV.
Nous avons privilégié pour cette étude de cas une
démarche exclusivement qualitative de nature
exploratoire. À partir de la littérature sur la pérennité,
nous avons élaboré un cadre conceptuel nous
permettant, nous croyons, de répondre aux deux
objectifs cités ci-dessus. À cette fin, ont été menés :
six focus group, cinq entretiens individuels, 3
entretiens auprès d’informateurs et une revue
documentaire.
Les résultats nous suggèrent que la pérennité doit se
préparer dès la conception et l’implantation du
programme, et qu’elle doit faire l’objet de suivi-
évaluation en possédant ses propres indicateurs.
Courriel: hpollender@hotmail.com
Courriel:hugo.pollender@crsfa.ulaval.ca
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 CASID 2010 ACÉDI

Panel 33 – Local: EV3-635 – Table Ronde sur l’Haïti 2

Regards sur les universités depuis le terrain

Quels sont les besoins immédiats et stratégiques que les universités canadiennes et haïtiennes devraient
contribuer à combler dans la reconstruction d’Haïti? Comment peuvent-elles le mieux harmoniser leurs
interventions avec les acteurs des institutions, des ong et de la société civile qui sont en action sur le
terrain?

Chair: Denise Piché – Université Laval

Louis Verret - Directeur de la programmation, Programme d'Haïti (ACDI-CIDA)

Stephen Baranyi - Université d’Ottawa,

Haïti aujourd'hui, Haïti demain : Regards croisés

Martine Hubert - CEGEP de Lévis-Lauzon

Professeure du Cegep et Administratrice à Abri-Rooftop International

Tom Tunney – Entraide universitaire mondiale du Canada (EUMC)

Gestionnaire en chef de la programmation universitaire et collégiale

Commentaires et points de vue depuis Haïti

Émile Brutus - PAPDA
Directeur du Programme de démocratie participative au sein de la
Plate-forme haïtienne de plaidoyer pour un développement alternatif (PAPDA)

Panel 34 – Local: EV11-119

Grassroots environmental initiatives in Brazil, Indonesia & Cameroon
Chair: Neera Singh - University of Toronto
Email: neera.singh@gmail.com

Discussant: Deborah Simpson - University of New Brunswick

Email: deborahannesimpson@gmail.com

John F. Devlin - University of Guelph

Contention, Participation and Mobilization in IA: Contrasting Experiences from Canada and Brazil

The paper approaches impact assessment (IA)
processes as examples of contentious politics. The
paper suggests that although IA regulatory regimes
often give scope for public participation the
effectiveness of public participation is conditional
upon characteristics of the political regime and
characteristics of the public mobilizations that take
place around each particular assessment process. A
framework is presented which suggests how
variations in civil society and state actors and in their
relationships might influence impact assessment
processes, environmental and social management

59
 CASID
plans, and follow-up programs. The framework is then
used to contrast the public participation processes,
management plans and follow-up programs that
arose around the operating license renewal for an
iron ore mine in Itabira, Minas Gerais, Brazil and the
approval for the start up and operation of the EKATI
Diamond Mine in the Northwest Territories of Canada.
Two of the largest mining companies in the world,
Vale and BHP Billiton, were involved in these
projects. Their contrasting engagement with their host
communities suggests the wide variation that can be
found in mine/community relationships depending
Lotsmart Fonjong (& William T. Markham) - University of Buea, Cameroon
Environmental Organizations in Cameroon: Contributions to Environmental Protection
The last two decades have seen increasing emphasis
on environmental NGOs as key players in solving
Africa’s problems in the areas of environment and
although questions have also been raised about their
effectiveness. Researchers have responded with a
growing number of studies of international, national
and local environmental but the development of
rigorous theoretical models suitable for analyzing the
goals, strategies, and structures of environmental and
other NGOs, the effects of external factors on them,
and their interactions with one another has lagged
behind. A good bit of the available research about
environmental NGOs consists of relatively
atheoretical case studies, which provide useful source
material but do not advance the development of
theory. Other literature views environmental NGOs
“from the top down,” in recent years most often as
contributors to the development of civil society. Such
models are unfortunately not well-suited to analyzing
why NGOs behave as they do, and the problems are
exacerbated when researchers rely on normative
models of how NGOs should act to foster civil society
rather than on how they actually make decisions.
This paper attempts to develop a comprehensive
model of how environmental organizations choose the
strategies, goals, and structures that they do that is
Pélagie Lefebvre - International Development Research Centre
Recycling Waste Locally, Reducing Carbon Globally:
The Overlooked Contributions of Waste Pickers in Indonesia
Informal waste recovery is an integral, but often
overlooked, component of most municipal solid waste
management (MSWM) systems in developing
2010 ACÉDI
upon the characteristics of the political context in
which impact assessments and follow-up programs
are implemented. Both companies were successful in
their applications and their success was dependent
upon concessions made to public demands. But the
apparently successful and effective public
mobilization during the impact assessment process
led to quite ambiguous outcomes during the follow-up
period. The paper argues that the evolving dynamics
of contention is central to the explanation of these
ambiguous outcomes.
Email: jdevlin@uoguelph.ca
broad enough to cover the full range of such
organizations and grounded in and consistent with
existing research findings. We bring together insights
from work on environmental organizations from
Europe and the U.S and data from previous studies of
international NGOs, local or regional NGOs, and
Village Development Associations (VDAs) in
Cameroon. Specifically, the paper looks at how
relevant background factors, including environmental
conditions and degradation, economic and political
institutions, population size and composition, and the
more general social structure of ethnic, gender, and
family relations, influence the choices various types of
NGOs make and their relationships with one another.
In short, we seek to develop a theoretical model that
is a) focused on explaining the behavior of NGOs in
Cameroon, and b) capable of making predictions that
are useful in policy-making and NGO administration
and testable in future research. The study concludes
that the resulting model provides a clearer
explanation over existing theories of civil society
which can be used to refine them in an effort to
combat environmental degradation in developing
countries.
Email: lotsmart@yahoo.com
Email: lfonjong@gmail.com
countries. However, with current opportunities of
selling carbon emission reduction credits from waste
management activities through the Clean
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 CASID 2010 ACÉDI

Development Mechanism (CDM), municipal
governments and the private sector may now be
compelled to take the informal system into account.
Looking at MSWM CDM projects in Indonesia, this
research elucidates three different strategies used by
project developers to engage (or not) with informal
waste recovery actors: (1) “status quo”; (2) “formal
integration”; and (3) “informal integration”. Each of
these strategies comes with different implications for
the informal waste recovery system. The research
sets the stage for a renewed discourse of the
contribution of the informal waste sector in reducing
environmental burdens not solely locally, but globally
as well.
Email: plefebvre@idrc.ca

Panel 35 – Local: EV1-162

Pathways out of Rural Poverty
The proposed session will explore a theme that is at the centre of the current international development studies
agenda, namely, different paths that the rural poor are taking out of their poverty. Although the developing world is
increasingly urban, rural poverty remains a critical issue in development dynamics across the developing world, even
in Latin America where most societies have both globalized and crossed the threshold of urbanization,
industrialization, modernization and capitalist development—what some historians have termed ‘the great
transformation’. The fact is that rural poverty is endemic and resistant as ever to diverse efforts by the internal
development community to redress it. However, the rural poor themselves have found and are finding out and taking
paths of their poverty, paths that the World Bank in its most 2008 World Development Report (Agriculture for
Development) places into three categories: labour, migration and agriculture. The aim of this session is to explore the
dynamics of these pathways out of rural poverty in the Latin American context.

Chair: Henry Veltmeyer - Saint Mary’s University

Email: hveltmeyer@gmail.com

Discussant: Norman Girvan - University of the West Indies at St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
Email: norman.girvan@gmail.com

Anthony H. O’Malley - Saint Mary’s University

Dynamics of diverse pathways out of rural poverty

This paper will review the conceptual framework and pathways out of rural poverty available to, and taken,
findings to date related to a comparative study by the rural. research project on the theme ‘pathways
underway in various countries in Latin America out of poverty’.
(Bolivia, Chile, Mexico) on the dynamics of diverse Email: aomalley@SMU.CA

Raul Delgado Wise - Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Mexico

Dynamics of the labor and migration pathways out of rural poverty in Mexico

The author will report on the latest state-of-the-art
research on this theme in the context of Mexico,
which, according to ECLAC (2002) now has up to
30% of its citizens living abroad—having chosen the
international migration path out of rural poverty.
Delgado Wise will report on the dynamics of the
labour and migration pathways out of rural poverty
available to and taken by the rural poor in Mexico and
Latin America for generally.
Email: rdwise@estudiosdeldesarrollo.net

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 CASID
Igor Ampuero – St-Mary University
Agrarian Reform in Bolivia
The author will report on the dynamics of the
agriculture pathway out of rural poverty in Bolivia, with
particular reference to the agency of the current
government of Bolivia headed by Evo Morales, in the
context an Agrarian Reform program launched in
Panel 36 – Local: EV3-760
Creating Global Citizens
Chair/Discussant: Shelley Jones - State University of New York, College at Potsdam
Email: shelleykjones@gmail.com
Barbara Heron - York University
Investing in Global Citizenship: Views from the Other Side
Why young people should be encouraged to acquire
experiences in “developing countries” is quite widely
understood in countries like Canada. The
transformative value of short-term exposure to other
cultures and realities is captured in the concept of
global citizenship. Global citizens are thought to be
concerned about the world, possessed of a desirable
breadth of outlook, involved locally and globally (i.e.,
active citizens of the planet). All of this is readily
assumed to be true and is backed up by various
scholarly research. The result is an investment in
global citizenship as a realizable and desirable goal
for our young people. The “Creating Global Citizens?”
project funded by IDRC seeks to interrogate and
examine the justification for such assumptions, and to
understand the impact of short-term volunteering,
internship, and practicum placements on young
Rebecca Tiessen - Royal Military College of Canada
Understanding Gender Inequality in the Context of Learning/Volunteer Abroad Programs in Developing
Countries
Research for this paper is based on interviews carried
out with young Canadians who travel abroad for 3-6
months on learning and volunteer opportunities in the
developing world. In this paper, I examine perceptions
of gender inequality as it relates to their own personal
experiences and to what they observed in the
communities during their time as volunteers or interns
in developing countries. The findings from returned
2010 ACÉDI
2006, and the diverse collective and individual
household strategies pursued by the indigenous rural
poor.
Email: iampuero2000@yahoo.com
Canadians who go to “developing countries”. In this
presentation the investment in the notion of global
citizenship is taken up from the view point of the other
side, as it were, meaning from the perspectives of
local staff who work in indigenous NGOs in seven
different countries: Guatemala, Peru, Jamaica, South
Africa, Malawi, Zambia, and India. It is argued that
despite critiques of the (Northern) concept of global
citizenship, and in some instances even a rejection of
the term itself, there tends to be a parallel investment
in the possibilities of realizing the effects that global
citizenship implies, although for more broadly
transformative purposes than individual change. The
contextual specificities that contribute to variations in
investments in some notion of global citizenship are
also discussed.
Email: bheron@yorku.ca
Canadian youth between the ages of 18 and 30
uncover how gender inequality and power relations
impacted them directly and how they made sense of
the local cultural practices and power dynamics within
the host communities. The paper draws on feminist
and critical race literature to contextualize the
struggles, reflections and experiences of (mostly
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female and white) Canadian youth who have traveled
to less developed countries.
Katie MacDonald - York University
What just happened? Student volunteer experiences of volunteering abroad
With increasing frequency, young students are
traveling abroad to volunteer in international
development. These programs are thought to make
Canadians global citizens, empathetic, and
concerned with social justice. Examining formal and
informal education of volunteers, I hope to explore the
ways that dominant discourses frame and alter their
articulations and understandings of experiences
overseas. it is often these discourses-- found in
places like UN documents, World Vision commercials
and the 'Because I'm a Girl" campaign -- which shape
volunteer expectations. In searching for moments
where they ask things such as 'What just happened?"
about their experiences, I hope to discover how these
Panel 37 – Local: EV1-605
Food security and community development in Northern Manitoba
Chair: Shirley Thompson - University of Manitoba
Email: thompso4@cc.umanitoba.ca
Discussant: Myrle Ballard - University of Manitoba
Email: asfia.gulrukh@gmail.com
Kimlee Wong –University of Manitoba
Community worker, Four Arrows Regional Health Authority
As we enter into the 21st century, it is becoming
increasingly difficult for Indigenous peoples to have
the same relationship with their land as they did in
preceding generations. Indigenous peoples are
striving towards becoming self sufficient and self-
governing nations once again. They are still
practicing their IKS while participating in modern
economic activities. Language which was once the
base of a culture steeped in tradition is now on the
verge of being lost as modern lifestyles and
conveniences compete with the ‘simplistic’, yet
physically demanding, traditional way of life.
However, Aboriginal women’s traditional knowledge
systems are still part of their world and co-exist with
2010 ACÉDI
Email: rebecca.tiessen@rmc.ca
disruptive moments between their expectations and
their realities can be used to trouble the ways we both
understand the world, and our places within. I aim to
make room in stories of time abroad for nuanced and
alternative or dismantling articulations of
development. Through an employment of poetry to
(re)tell stories of 'what just happened' which were told
to me in interviews, and critical discourse analysis, I
will problematize the assumed benefits of these
projects and try to elucidate how we may empower
volunteers to consider their positions and ways of
acting in the world differently.
Email: ktmacdonald@gmail.com
their modern conveniences and lifestyles. Aboriginal
women are considered to be the stewards of their
land. Women have been the caretakers of the land
as their role caring for their families depends on their
knowledge of the land. The research focuses on
Indigenous women from my community - Lake St.
Martin First Nation - in the Interlake region of
Manitoba. This dissertation tries to understand the
positions, views, values, visions and ideas of women
of local First Nation communities in Manitoba in
regards to food, land and forest issues in their
traditional land-use territories, based on language
which is the key to Indigenous Knowledge Systems.
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Asfia Gulrukh - University of Manitoba
Northern Manitoba Food Insecurity
Rural livelihoods analysis can empower rural
communities and policy advisers by identifying the
attributes of adaptive capacity that can be enhanced
through individual and collective action. This study
looks at the application of this analysis to gendered
impacts of climate change in ten Bangladesh
hotspots. Hotspots were defined as an area most
vulnerable to a particular type of climate change
related hazard. The hazards in thèse hotspots include
river flood, flash flood, tidal flood, cyclone, salinity
intrusion, waterlogging, drainage congestion and
drought. Adaptive capacity is an emergent property
that depends on the diversity of assets and activities
from which rural livelihoods are derived, and the
flexibility to substitute between them in response to
external pressures. Diversification at a household or
business level often complements economic
specialisation within a household, and economic
Vanessa Lozecznik - University of Manitoba
Growing Hope using participatory video
Many Aboriginal people in the north told their stories
of the barriers of extremely high food prices, poverty
and either lack of healthy choices in stores or lack of
a store in many First Nation and Northern Affairs
communities. Through video this message was taken
across the north to amplify the voices of people in the
remote communities, most of who suffer from food
insecurity. Despite poverty, these people in small
northern First Nation communities and Northern
DAY TWO: BANQUET
June 1st - 6PM
Spanish Club (4388, St-Laurent Street)
2010 ACÉDI
specialisation in any one set of activities can facilitate
investment in other forms of capital from which future
livelihoods can be derived. This approach
complements more dynamic concepts of resilience for
which specific understanding of causal relationships
and local thresholds or “tipping points” is required.
Why are people in Northern Manitoba eight times
more likely to be food insecure than other
Canadians? A recent (2009) survey of 534
households in First Nation Reserves and Aboriginal
and Northern Affairs communities by University of
Manitoba found 75% food insecurity. This rate can be
compared to 9.2% for the rest of Canada. This rate
reveals a food security crisis. This study is the first to
rates of food insecurity on reserve. Rights to food
and other basic needs will be discussed.
Email: asfia.gulrukh@gmail.com
Affairs communities are growing hope by: planting
gardens, starting greenhouses, teaching children and
families traditional Aboriginal ways and gardening,
involving elders and sharing the feast through
traditional community freezers and community
dinners. Trying to get the message right by replaying
and revisiting communities resulted in not only a
movie but a charter of rights.
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CASID 2010 ACÉDI

DAY THREE

Development in a new world order

Le développement dans un nouvel ordre mondial

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DAY THREE: Conference Sessions

June 2nd - From 9:00 AM to 10:45 AM

Joint Session CALACS/CASID

Local: FG-C070
Sweetness & Power in Early 20th-Century Latin America
Chair/Discussant: Gillian McGillivray - York University

Marc McLeod - Seattle University

The Comparative History of Sugar in Modern Latin America

Patricia Juárez Dappe - California State University, Northridge

María Celia Bravo - Universidad Nacional de Tucumán
Sugarcane Planters in Tucumán, Argentina: Discourse and Action in the Consolidation of a
Cañero Identity, 1880-1930

José O. Solá - Seattle University of Puerto Rico's

Place Under the Sugar Sun: “Colonos” and Workers in the formation of the Modern
Sugarcane Industry in Caguas Puerto Rico, 1906 to 1928

Luis González - Indiana University

Political Struggles in the Sugarcane Fields of Brazil: Campos, Rio de Janeiro, 1900-1950

Panel 38 – Local: EV3-635

CIDA and aid effectiveness
Chair: Nilima Gulrajani - London School of Economics, UK
Email: N.Gulrajani@lse.ac.uk

Discussant: Hunter McGill - University of Ottawa

Email: huntermcgill@sympatico.ca

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Liam Swiss - University of Ottawa
Gender, Security, and Instrumentalism: Canada’s Foreign Aid in Support of National Interest?
Recently, Canadian development assistance has
become more closely aligned with the achievement of
security-related foreign policy objectives. The impact
of this ‘securitization’ of Canadian aid has not been
examined in terms of its overall effects on other
Canadian aid priorities. Are other sectors where
Canada has conventionally been a leader
internationally – like women and gender – being
marginalized because of the increasing
instrumentalization of aid as a foreign policy tool?
Drawing on various theoretical perspectives on the
motivations for aid provision and applying a mixed
methods analysis of ODA statistics, recent policy
documents, and data collected through interviews
with Canadian aid officials, this paper examines the
Stephen Brown - University of Ottawa
Aid Effectiveness and the Framing of New Canadian Aid Initiatives
This paper analyzes the main trends in Canadian
development assistance policy since 2000-01 in the
context of a pivotal ‘international moment’ that pulled
ODA simultaneously in two new directions: a
preoccupation with the immediate and medium-term
needs of the poor embodied in the MDGs and the
donor countries’ own security concerns in the post-
9/11 era. It argues that shifts in Canada aid policy
reflect the government’s broader foreign policy
concerns, especially a preoccupation with prestige
(the quest for a personal legacy under Chrétien and
for Canada’s place among peers and in the post-9/11
world under Martin and Harper) and most recently
commercial self-interest, with the new geographical
focus on the Latin America and the Caribbean. The
language used, however, generally frames the
changes as improvements in aid effectiveness and
thus as being for the benefit of poor countries. With
no more than one exception, however, the various
initiatives’ impact on effectiveness would be unclear
or even detrimental. Through the new priorities, the
2010 ACÉDI
impact of the securitization of Canadian aid by
examining how this trend has affected the overall
delivery of ODA by CIDA and other Canadian
stakeholders. Results will demonstrate how the
securitization of aid has undermined Canada’s focus
on development priorities more closely related to
poverty reduction and humanitarian concerns.
Conclusions about the overall impact of the
securitization of bilateral development assistance
generally will be drawn from the Canadian case,
suggesting that the instrumental use of aid as a tool
to promote security objectives has a negative impact
on the overall effectiveness of development
assistance.
Email: lswiss@uottawa.ca
Canadian government is increasingly seeking to
instrumentalize CIDA and its aid programs, including
through a cross-departmental policy coherence
mechanism known as the ‘whole-of-government
approach’, to reflect non-developmentrelated
interests.
This paper’s analyzes the politics of aid effectiveness
by examining in turn the main components in the
effectiveness discussions that have been part of
Canadian aid policy initiatives in recent years: the
untying of aid, the questioning of impact and search
for results, the issue of aid volume, the ‘focus on
focus’ (fewer recipient countries and economic
sectors), and the coherence between aid policy and
policies in other areas. It then explores the
motivations that underpin recent Canadian aid policy
initiatives. The conclusion summarizes the main
argument and speculates on the effect of global
changes on Canadian foreign aid in the years to
come.
Email: brown@uottawa.ca
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Panel 39 – Local: EV3-760
Indigenous Issues in Latin America
Chair: Susan Healey – Senior Consultant, Harry Cummings and Associates
Email: shealey@uoguelph.ca
Jackie McVicar - St. Francis Xavier University
Criminalization of Rural Indigenous Women in Guatemala: Threats and Strategies for Resistence
Since the 1996 Peace Accords, and a new wave of
democracy in Guatemala, conditions have been
created to increase foreign investment in natural
resources, including a mining law that requires an
only 1% royalty from the company to be left in the
country. Today, the World Bank prescribed economic
development strategies that benefit multi-national
corporations threaten natural resources and ancestral
lands. Indigenous leaders who defend their rights
and denounce aggressions have been targeted and
indigenous women who have been at the forefront of
defending lands and protecting natural resources are
specifically targeted. In this paper I will explain how
rural indigenous women in Guatemala mobilize to
defend their rights and denounce aggressions in light
of a criminalization process led by State interests and
multi-national corporations, abusing legal
mechanisms to threaten, intimidate and silence the
voice of opposition to mega-projects, economic
development strategies designed to exploit natural
resources and de-stabilize indigenous communities.
Jorge Nállim - University of Manitoba
Javier Mignone - University of Manitoba
Health, Power, and Indigenous Health Organizations in Colombia
Indigenous organizations have used the legal
framework of Colombia’s 1993 neoliberal healthcare
reform to create health insurance and health delivery
entities, thus achieving more autonomy and control
over their community’s health than before. While a
number of tensions and limitations persist, their
experience raises a series of provocative questions
on how they redefined power relations with the state,
within the health care system, and among different
indigenous groups. The paper analyzes de
experience of Indigenous Health Promoting
Enterprises (Empresas Promotoras de Salud – EPS)
from the theoretical perspective of examining how
popular organizations utilize institutional reform for
2010 ACÉDI
Specifically I will highlight the role of State and media
in the criminalization process and share examples of
the collective responses of rural indigenous women in
light of this threat.
This research is important in setting a context of why
and how indigenous women are particularly affected
by criminalization in Guatemala. It will further explore
the long-term results of criminalization. Drawing from
this and learning from their struggle I will present
recommendations for Canadian solidarity
organizations working with grassroots movements in
Guatemala and other Central American countries
where similar strategies are being used to oppress
populations in resistance.
This research is a result of documentation review,
secondary research gathered from national and
international human rights organizations and reports
from public and private sector, and key-informant
interviews as well as my own work with indigenous
women over the past five years in Guatemala.
Email: jmcvicar@gmail.com
their goals, while simultaneously affecting and being
affected by the institutionalization of their spaces of
struggle. It examines the numerous tensions that
arise and the power relations at play vis-à-vis the
state and other players, and assesses the
implications of indigenous self-governance in health
care. The paper's theoretical frame draws from the
intersection of politics, history, contemporary
indigenous movements, and self-governance in
health care. The indigenous groups' experience with
health care, one of the key areas in the field of
development, is related to broader frameworks of
health care reform, neoliberal policies, and
contemporary indigenous struggles involving
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 CASID
redefinitions of concepts of power and citizenship.
The paper’s methodology involves the use of three
case studies of indigenous EPSs in Colombia, while
locating them in broader historical and political
frameworks at national and international levels.
John Cameron - Dalhousie University
Indigenous Autonomy in the Andes:
New Paths towards Indigenous Self-Governance in the Context of Bolivia’s 2009 Constitution
This paper project will analyse the progress made
and challenges faced by new institutions of
Indigenous Autonomy in Bolivia that have been made
possible by the country’s 2009 constitution.
Unprecedented in the Americas, Bolivia’s 2009
Constitution and supporting legislation enable
Indigenous groups to create their own autonomous
institutions - designed and managed in accordance
with traditional modes of Indigenous governance - to
administer decentralized public goods and services
financed by the central government, including
education, health care and public infrastructure.
The provisions of Bolivia’s new constitution that allow
for increased self-governance by Indigenous groups
represent an important step forward to the resolution
of centuries old conflicts between Indigenous peoples
and the state. At the same time, however, the
creation of Indigenous Autonomies will generate
difficult practical and conceptual challenges as
Indigenous groups seek to combine customary
modes of decision-making with the administrative
logic of a modern state and as the collective right to
self-governance comes into conflict with individual
rights. Indeed, while proponents of multiculturalism
Conny Davidsen - University of Calgary
Amazon Indigenous Protests and Socio-Environmental Conflict in the Media
The Amazon has become the centre of a volatile
socio-environmental renewal debate between global
climate change concerns, neoliberal state interests in
natural resource exploitation, unresolved indigenous
territorial claims, local environmental rights and global
climate justice alongside future perspectives on global
environmental services, conservation and
‘megadiversity’.
When recent governmental reforms in Peru seeked to
allow the privatization (‘sell-out’) of public rainforest
lands, a wave of indigenous resistance and
polarization developed in which tens of thousands of
Amazon Indians protested against the reforms. More
2010 ACÉDI
Email 1: mignonej@ms.umanitoba.ca
Email 2: nallimja@cc.umanitoba.ca
and Indigenous rights praise Bolivia’s new
Constitution, advocates of liberal conceptions of
citizenship highlight the threats which it poses to
individual rights and human freedoms – particularly of
women.
On December 12, 2009, twelve predominantly
Indigenous municipal governments in Bolivia held
legally-required referendums on their conversion to
the new institutional category of ‘Indigenous
Autonomy.’ If supported by a majority of local voters
these referendums will authorize Indigenous
municipalities to cast aside state-mandated municipal
institutions and to develop new institutions, based on
Indigenous modes of decision-making to administer
state resources and responsibilities.
Based on past and on-going field research, this paper
will analyse the early experiences of the new
Indigenous Autonomies created after the December
12, 2009 referendums as well as the theoretical
challenges which Indigenous Autonomies face – such
as the tensions between collective and individual
rights and between western and non-western modes
of governance.
Email: john.cameron@dal.ca
than thirty people died due to a violent response of
local police forces, triggering international petitions
and national demonstrations against the government.
The protests are embedded in a long history of
resource conflicts in the Amazon, but are boosted and
re-interpreted by new influences of global media
today. Extensive media coverage of international
news channels generated political momentum by
directing the public attention to long-standing and
unresolved issues around environmental exploitation,
indigenous resource use and local rights in general.
The paper analyzes the use of global and digital
media and their framing of key issues across the
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different scales of conflict. It highlights the potentials
and challenges of broader public engagement
towards socio-environmental democratization in the
Global South, and discusses the potential future of
Panel 40 – Local: EV1-162
Critical Analyses of Development & Globalization
Chair: Anthony O'Malley - Saint Mary’s University
Email: aomalley@SMU.CA
Discussant: Dimitri Della Faille - Université du Québec en Outaouais
Email: dimitridf@yahoo.com
Babatope Akinwande – Tearfund, London, UK
Development Aid is Dead Aid: Is Dambisa Moyo Stating the Obvious?
In 2009, Dambisa Moyo authored “Dead Aid: Why Aid
is Not Working and How There is Another Way for
Africa”. This book has generated a lot of debate in the
international development . Moyo describes the state
of postwar development policy in Africa and
unflinchingly debunks one of the most-held beliefs in
international development: that billions of dollars in
aid sent from wealthy countries to developing African
nations has helped to reduce poverty and increase
growth. Moyo posits that despite the millions of
development aid sent into these countries “poverty
levels continue to escalate and growth rates have
steadily declined- and millions continue to suffer”.
Moyo continues that African countries will never get
Heidi Monk - Saint Mary’s University
Human development and economic growth in a finite world
The biophysical limits to the earth are becoming
increasingly evident. It is clear that pursuit of a
Northern model of production, consumption and
economic growth is neither feasible nor desirable in
the long term. It is with this in mind that the present
paper explores the relationship between human
development and economic growth. While human
development separates itself from economic growth in
its conceptual foundations, it relies on a specific type
of economic growth to achieve material aspects of
human flourishing. The extent to which human
development relies on economic growth is explored
by tracing theoretical arguments and empirical
2010 ACÉDI
the media towards digital democracy, global-local
environmental citizenship, and new participatory tools
towards sustainable local environmental stewardship.
Email: davidsen@ucalgary.ca
on their feet unless they make a clean break from
development aid. It appears that Moyo is adding her
“African voice” to issues raised by authors like William
Easterly and Peter Bauer who have argued that
development aid does more harm than good in Africa.
This paper will attempt to look at the issues raised by
Moyo and other authors to see if they are stating the
obvious that development aid does not work or if they
are reckless contrarians/theoreticians who do not
appreciate the reality on the ground. It is hoped that
the paper will encourage exchanges that will help
advance the debate.
Email 1: babatope.akinwande@tearfund.org;
Email 2: aramiwande@yahoo.fr
research. It is found that the diminishing returns to
income which is reflected by the calculation of the
Human Development Index is representative of the
diminishing returns to income in the pursuit of human
development in general. Thus, theoretically,
plateauing levels of income per capita should not
conflict with the expansion of human flourishing. It is
accepted that human development is dependent upon
a natural resource base which economic growth can
erode. This should spur human development to
explore the possibilities for human flourishing at levels
of economic activity. However, human development
has not completely separated itself from neo-
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liberalism and this connection results in a hesitation
for a full theoretical exploration of levels of economic
activity (rather than economic growth) and their
relation to human development.
Carolyn Bassett – University of New Brunswick
Knowledge about the impact of the global crisis on South Africa
One of the foundational elements of the debate about
the relationship between globalization and
development has been the status of knowledge about
the economy and the role of that knowledge in
development strategy and planning. Using the recent
global economic crisis as a starting point and South
Africa as a case study, this paper examines two
questions: what is the nature of the crisis; and what
needs to be done to address its effects. Our interest
is who has produced knowledge about the crisis, and
who has produced authoritative knowledge –
knowledge that is acted upon. We then turn to the
Panel 41 – Local: EV1-631
Education & Development in Africa
Chair: Terisa Turner – University of Guelph
Email: terisatu@uoguelph.ca
Discussant: Larry Swatuk University of Waterloo
Email: lswatuk@uwaterloo.ca
Faisal Islam - McGill University
New teachers for new times: a school-university partnership for educational change in
South African rural schools in the era of globalization
Since the beginning of post-apartheid era in South
Africa in 1994, not much has changed with respect to
historically poor and deprived schools in rural areas
Nelson Mandella Foundation, 2004). In addition to the
growing inequalities between the rich and poor, one
key reason of this failure is that the South African
teacher education is less relevant to local needs and
lacks contextualization in relation to the ground
realities of poverty, HIV and AIDS, gender violence,
and lack of resources at schools.
Based upon the Wenger’s concept of ‘community of
practice’, which emphasizes that learning is situated
in ‘collaboration’ and ‘social practice’, this paper
examines how a school-university partnership for pre-
2010 ACÉDI
Email: heidi.monk@gmail.com
question of how knowledge becomes authoritative,
focusing on three debates: the employment of
discourses from mainstream economics; the use of
statistics as evidence; and the role and significance
accorded to experience and voice. I find that
development knowledge is not productive of material
realities or government programs, rather, it provides a
legitimizing discourse intended to reconcile the
dramatic inequalities and socio-economic injustices in
South Africa.
service teacher education can help in broadening the
traditional notions of novice teacher education in
South Africa. Drawing from the three cohorts of pre-
service teachers who performed their teaching
practicum in rural schools and lived together in rural
areas, I offer evidences how the group work helped
the novice teachers to tackle and challenge the
issues around the schools in rural areas. The data
reported in this paper was collected over a period of
three years from 2007 to 2009 using participatory
evaluation. The data include interviews, participatory
workshops, focus group discussion with
approximately 60 novice teachers, 20 mentor
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teachers, two school principals, and the project staff
members from the university.
The key findings suggest, on one hand, the
partnership project helped the novice teachers to:
understand the complex context of rurality; improve
their teaching and pedagogical skills,; and develop
their professional identities with respect to the
realities in rural areas and other challenging context.
George J. Sefa Dei - University of Toronto
African Indigenous Philosophies and Education as Broadly Defined: A Ghanaian Case Study
This paper examines an aspect of African Indigenous
Philosophies focusing on local proverbs and folktales
for their pedagogic, instructional and communicative
relevance in understanding the link between local
cultural knowledge, education and development. It is
argued that the link between development, education
and Indigenous knowledge is often assumed rather
than theorized. In helping to concretely theorize the
link the paper brings a more nuanced, expanded and
inclusive definition to the concept of Indigenous and
Indigenity. It is enthused that the term ‘Indigenous’ is
highly contested. It is not homogenous and, in fact,
may defy a uniformly accepted definition. There are
also tensions, ambivalences and contradictions in
claiming ‘Indigenous’. While there are no universal
definitions of the ‘Indigenous’, the term, nonetheless,
speaks of the collective voicing of experience, history,
culture and identities. When situated within recurring
debates about ‘African development’ the ‘Indigenous’
reaffirms a need for a Indigenous consciousness to
cultivate local knowledges to contribute to the search
for home-grown solutions to local problems and
challenges about ‘development’.
No Indigenous cultural knowledge is alien to its
particular socio-cultural and political milieu. Local
Panel 42 – Local: EV9-221
Rural issues in Development
Chair/Discussant: Haroon Akram-Lodhi - Trent
University
Email: haroonakramlodhi@trentu.ca
Matthew Schnurr - Dalhousie University
The Significance of South African Success for
Africa’s Green Revolution
2010 ACÉDI
On the other hand, it highlights uneven benefits
spread across the novice teachers and the schools,
which raises important question marks related to the
broader unequal socio-economic and education
system in South Africa.
Email: fislam99@yahoo.com
cultural knowledges herald the spiritual and cultural
foundations upon which the survival of local
communities rest. Validating Indigenous knowledge
can thus only contribute to the search for “home
grown Indigenous perspectives steeped in culture-
specific paradigms” (Yankah, 2004: 26). What can
schooling and education in African contexts be re-
visioned to engage such local cultural resource
knowledge base for their contributions to the
development process? The paper is informed by the
findings of a longitudinal Ontario Literacy and
Numeracy Secretariat-funded study that has focused
on how and what African Indigenous Philosophies
[specifically Ghanaian proverbs] can critically teach
about culture, identity, self, group, community, social
responsibility, accountability and probity to learners.
In the discussion, the paper discusses ways to rethink
schooling, education and local knowledge so as to
contribute to the African development process. The
paper also extends the discussion to suggest ways to
enhance learning and education for meaningful
development in Southern contexts.
Email: george.dei@utoronto.ca
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South Africa became the first nation in Africa to
legislate the dissemination of Genetically Modified
(GM) crops in 1996. One year later, the American
biotech giant Monsanto completed its government-
regulated trials and made its patented Bt cotton seeds
available to farmers in the Makhathini Flats, a low-
lying area just south of the border with Mozambique,
targeting especially those with holdings of only a few
hectares. After only two growing season, adoption
rates among these smallholder farmers swelled to
nearly 100%. Proponents concluded that every
farmer in Makhathini was choosing to grow GM over
traditional non-GM varieties. Pro-GM lobby groups
and websites seized on this South African success
story as a prime instance of how GM crops can make
a sizeable difference for farmers throughout the
continent.
This paper focuses on the experiences of South
Adam Sneyd - University of Guelph
African Cotton and nongovernmental organizations: North-South relations and South-South possibilities
Geneva-based nongovernmental organizations
(NGOs) have offered cotton-specific policy advice and
provided trade-related technical assistance and
capacity building services to the governments of the
most cotton dependent countries in West Africa since
2001. In this context, multilateral and bilateral donors
have focused increasingly on the cotton issue area.
These organizations and agencies have encouraged
their African partners to ensure that poverty reduction
strategies and agricultural sector development
programmes improve cotton production and
marketing systems for the 20 to 30 million Africans
that depend directly or indirectly on the crop.
However, the drive to scale up flows of cotton-specific
aid for the improvement of African cotton systems has
been outstripped by an NGO-led push to remove
subsidies and trade barriers that distort the global
cotton market and consistently reduce Africa’s export
earnings from cotton.
Drawing upon field research conducted in Tanzania
and Senegal, this empirical paper details the ways
that Geneva-based NGOs have altered the terms of
Panel 43 – Local: H-625
Joint Session: CASID/Law and Society
Human rights, international law and justice
Chair: Aristide Nononsi – McGill University
Email: aristide.nononsi@mcgill.ca
2010 ACÉDI
African farmers with GM cotton and how their story is
represented in both the academic and popular
literature. Drawing on workshops undertaken with
over one hundred farmers, alongside thirty individual
interviews with government officials, union leaders,
and industry representatives, this paper seeks to
contextualize the success claims that have
accompanied the introduction of GM cotton in South
Africa. It investigates how the broader legacies of the
region’s history and geography frame the dominant
representation of Makhathini as a prototypical
example of the potential offered by GM technology for
African farmers. I conclude with reflections on the
implications of South African success for two of the
most promising sites of Africa’s Green Revolution,
Kenya and Uganda.
Email: matthew.schnurr@dal.ca
multilateral engagement on cotton. The trade-centric
analysis and interventions that these organizations
have proffered and executed have effectively
bolstered the legitimacy of the World Trade
Organization. Down to the present this narrow
analysis has also imbued South-South
intergovernmental discourses and reform priorities on
cotton in Africa. However, the interaction of African-
based nongovernmental organizations, international
organizations and officials in East Africa to develop
and implement an East African Organic Standard
(EAOS) has been an exception to the North-South
asymmetries that have plagued responses to Africa’s
cotton conundrum. The instructive case of the EAOS
detailed in the second half of the paper indicates the
possibilities associated with South-South cooperation.
While subject to various weaknesses and threats, the
EAOS model, if replicated at the global level, could
align development cooperation more fully with poverty
reduction imperatives and improve the development
effectiveness of governance initiatives in this area.
Email: asneyd@uoguelph.ca
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 CASID
Jing Guan - McGill University
Lip Service or True Commitment? Reassessing the “Responsibility to Protect”
After the 2009 UN General Assembly Debate
The “responsibility to protect” (R2P) is a relatively
new concept unanimously adopted by world leaders
at the 2005 UN World Summit. Its central theme is
“sovereignty as responsibility” – the idea that
sovereign states have a responsibility to protect their
own populations from mass atrocities, but that when
they are unwilling or unable to do so, that
responsibility must be borne by the international
community. Despite the ostensible unanimous
adoption at the World Summit, complex moral, legal,
political and operational questions surrounding R2P’s
rhetoric and efficacy emerge one after another. While
what R2P really entails for each individual state and
the international community as a whole remains
vastly unclear, UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon
currently urges states not to reinterpret or renegotiate
Dulce Maria Cruz Herrera - Université Paris X-Nanterre
Le droit international au développement revisité par la CIISE dans l’énoncé de «la responsabilité de
protéger» en 2001
En dépit de l’absence de références explicites dans le
rapport sur la «Responsabilité de protéger», publié en
2001 par la CIISE, le droit international au
développement et les différentes approches
contemporaines du développement international sont
au cœur de la démarche de cette commission, née
grâce à une initiative canadienne. L’axe opérationnel
«à l’abri du besoin», développée dans le rapport de la
CIISE, a été retenue dans le cadre de cette
communication afin d’expliquer l’influence de grands
principes du droit international au développement sur
le travail de la CIISE. Partant des interfaces
communes possibles entre le droit au développement
comme droit de la personne et l’axe «à l’abri du
besoin», cette communication propose des pistes de
réflexion autour de l’approche contemporaine du
développement international, sous l’angle du droit
Penelope Simons & Lynda Collins – University of Ottawa
Participatory Rights in the Ontario Mining Sector: An International Human Rights Perspective
Recent developments in law and policy, including the
outcomes of the National Roundtables on Corporate
2010 ACÉDI
the conclusions of the World Summit, but implement
R2P in a fully faithful and consistent manner. His
report “Implementing the R2P” went through a heated
UN General Assembly debate in July 2009. Now is an
opportune time to reflect on the development of R2P
and reassess its strengths and limits in order to set a
clearer basis for further discussion and actions. This
paper contributes to such an endeavor with a focus
on states’ positions towards R2P during the 2009
General Assembly debate, and argues that R2P
currently remains a vague political commitment
lacking enough political will to be turned into a binding
legal obligation any time soon. But its potential for
reinforcing existing mass atrocities related human
rights and humanitarian obligations for states should
be further explored.
international, considéré ici comme un corps de règles
visant à encadrer les relations entre acteurs
internationaux. Reprenant les mots de Kofi Anan
prononcés en 1999 : «(…) aux questions complexes,
réponses complexes s’imposent donc, et action
interdisciplinaire (…)», nous endossons entièrement
l’interdisciplinarité, appuyée sur un cadre théorique
propre au droit international public non sans tenir
compte des rapports multiples que cette discipline
entretient avec le domaine d’étude des relations
internationales dans son ensemble, largement
complexifiés à l’heure de la mondialisation des
échanges.. Notre argumentaire reposera
essentiellement sur une grille des concepts bien
établis par le droit international des droits de la
personne, le droit international de l’environnement et
le droit du commerce international.
Social Responsibility (CSR) and the Canadian
Extractive Sector in Developing Countries, and Bill C-
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 CASID
300, signal a growing domestic concern with respect
to the environmental and social impacts of Canadian
extractive companies operating extraterritorially.
Canada is home to over 75 per cent of the world’s
largest exploration and mining companies and a
significant number of Canadian extractive companies
operate in developing countries. These developments
are based on the policy imperative that Canadian
corporations operating abroad should comply with the
same environmental and social standards to which
they are legally bound in Canada, and that these
standards are reflective of Canada’s international law
and international human rights obligations. This view
is expressed in recent Parliamentary debates and, in
a bill tabled by the NDP on June 16, 2008. However,
recent disputes concerning lack of public consultation
on proposed large mining projects, and concerning
peaceful protest and Aboriginal rights in lands subject
to mining claims have highlighted significant human
rights concerns associated with Canada’s own
provincial and territorial mining regimes.
Canada has some of the highest mineral exploration
activity in the world within its own borders. In 2005, it
was host to nineteen per cent of total global mineral
DAY THREE: Conference Sessions
June 2nd - From 11:00 AM to 12:45 PM
Panel 44 – Local: EV3-635
CIDA in Practice: recent record and what next?
Chair: Stephen Brown - University of Ottawa
Email: brown@uottawa.ca
Nilima Gulrajani - London School of Economics, UK
The Strategy of Focus: Examining Canadian aid allocation in comparative historical perspective
The need to make Canadian aid “strategically
focused” is perennial preoccupation of government
policy in the last decade. This paper aims to explore
what a formal strategic focus policy has achieved for
Canada’s aid allocation decisions, as well as
considering what it might potentially achieve in the
future.
2010 ACÉDI
exploration. In addition, Ontario mines produce one
third of Canada’s mineral output. Little academic
research has been conducted on the human rights
impacts of Canadian provincial and territorial mining
regimes and, where research has been undertaken, it
has focussed on environmental issues. Thus while
the federal government, industry and other members
of civil society are focussing on non-mandatory
regulation of corporate impacts abroad, and the
provincial and territorial governments are beginning to
revise their mining regimes, it is pertinent and timely
to consider the extent to which international human
rights (including indigenous peoples’ rights and
environmental human rights) are respected and
protected in the domestic Canadian mining sector.
This paper will examine participation rights: the
general environmental right to participation in
environmental decision-making; the right of aboriginal
communities to free prior and informed consent; and
the right of peaceful assembly. It will consider their
relationship to each other and how these rights have
been treated in domestic mining legislation as well as
by the courts in current disputes over mining activity
on land subject to aboriginal title claims.
The paper begins by providing some historical
perspective on the nature of geographic focus of
Canadian official development assistance (ODA).
Using OECD‐DAC data, we trace the evolution of net
ODA from Canada in comparison with the UK since
1960, highlighting that until 1997 the UK had a more
widely dispersed aid programme than Canada’s.
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 CASID
Canada has continually disbursed smaller amounts
across a larger percentage of its total aid recipients
than the UK. Since the 1980s, the concentration of
Canadian aid in the top 20% of its aid recipients is
well below the UK, DAC and G7 averages. This
suggests in the last decade especially there has been
limited geographic focus in Canadian aid in terms of
programme size and scope.
After looking at the history of focus in Canadian aid in
comparative perspective, we examine Canadian
geographic aid allocation trends post‐1997.
Specifically, our interest is in the strategy of targeting
resources in the 2005 Liberal government list of
Molly den Heyer - Dalhousie University
CIDA’s Engagement in Tanzania: Negotiating our Way
Over the last five to ten years, the way in which
Canadian aid is administered in Tanzania has
changed in response to a complex array of
influences. These influences stem from international
aid effectiveness discourse, the Tanzanian dialogue
structure, and the political atmosphere in Canada.
The paper used interviews, policy reviews and a
focus group to determine how, in this case study,
CIDA’s field office navigates the various demands
and what impact this has on policy formation. The
data show that the workload in the Tanzanian field
office has changed from a focus on project
implementation to one of interpreting CIDA policy and
coordinating it with other donors and the Government
Bill Morton - North South Institute
Strengthening Canadian Aid
Canadian aid policy has been under intense scrutiny
throughout this decade. Canada is on track to fulfill
important commitments on aid quantity, but there is
no budgetary plan past 2010, and compared to other
donors, Canada is an average rather than leading
performer. On aid quality, successive Peer Reviews
have identified important factors that undermine the
effectiveness of Canadian aid, and the 2009 Auditor
General’s report identified crucial weaknesses in the
areas of aid effectiveness and corporate
management. Overall, Canada’s aid program remains
strongly driven by political factors, and lacks an
overarching policy framework to guide its programs
and operations.
2010 ACÉDI
“Development Partners” and the 2009 Conservative
government list of “Countries of Focus.” We
investigate whether these strategic targets have been
an impetus for improving focus, a means of reducing
gaps between the reality of aid allocation and
government policy, or simply a poor predictor of future
dispersion. Initial evidence suggests that Canada’s
strategic geographic targets have only partly driven
the focus agenda in the last ten years, serving instead
as retrospective justification for aid allocation
decisions. Canadian aid thus has a long way to go
before it is either strategic or focused.
Email: N.Gulrajani@lse.ac.uk
of Tanzania. This places an increasing emphasis on
field-based Canadian staff negotiating or harmonizing
and aligning policies on a country-specific basis. This,
in turn, presents a serious challenge to CIDA
headquarters’ legitimacy to draft broad-based
policies, and it may also accentuate existing
administrative difficulties. The findings illustrate how
Canadian aid delivery is increasingly focused on
negotiations and policy development at the recipient
country level. It is argued that the process of
negotiation is key to understanding policy formation,
country ownership and CIDA’s engagement in
Tanzania.
Email: mdenheye@dal.ca
This paper will explore some of the key factors that
could lead to a strengthened Canadian aid program.
In particular, it will consider whether the “ODA
Accountability Act” represents a means for this to
occur. It will examine the government’s record so far
in implementation of the Act; whether the government
has established a forward-looking agenda regarding
the Act; whether it views the Act as an opportunity for
change or simply as a matter of compliance; whether
the Act will lead to greater openness and
transparency regarding Canadian aid; and whether it
will provide an effective means for holding the
Government to account. The paper will also discuss
four other areas that will play an important role in
strengthening Canadian aid: 1) the need for high level
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 CASID
political support and backing; 2) the need for policy
leadership and vision; 3) key areas for improvement
in aid quality, and 4), the need for a long-term
Chris Brown - Carleton University
Edward T. Jackson - Carleton University
CIDA: Reform and Renewal
In previous work (How Ottawa Spends, 2009-2010,
McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2009, Ch. 6, pp.
151-174), we argued that CIDA is broken and needs
to be fixed. One of the reform options mooted in that
paper was the creation of a new Department for
International Co-operation, with a legislated mandate,
to implement Canadian ODA policy. In this paper, we
examine more closely the argument for such a
Department. Why is such a dramatic change needed?
What form would such a Department take and how
would it relate to other government agencies? What
would its mandate be, and how would it operate?
Panel 45 – Local: EV3-760
Peace building & Development
Chair: Carolyn Basset – University of New Brunswick
Email: cbassett@unb.ca
Discussant: Eric Abitbol – Concordia University
Email : peacepub@yahoo.com
William J. Egnatoff - Queen’s University
Peter Joong – University of West Indies
Collaboration in Building Peace Education Capacity
This paper reports on international collaboration in
building peace education capacity through design
research. The approach is longitudinal, beginning with
background studies to understand a variety of local
contexts, followed by participatory, collaborative
grassroots interventions to develop guiding principles
for extending the work to broader contexts. The work
builds on Joong’s studies of perceptions of students
and teachers in five countries (Canada, China, Sierra
Leone, India, and Jamaica) concerning reform
associated with Education for All, Thompson’s study
of youth marginalization in Freetown, Sierra Leone,
Turay’s capacity building work of The Centre for
2010 ACÉDI
commitment on aid quantity. The paper will conclude
with recommendations.
Email: bmorton@nsi-ins.ca
Would it be more effective than the current CIDA? We
argue that there is still a place for development
assistance at the centre of Canadian foreign policy,
but that dramatic reform is necessary for it to be
effective. Achieving the type of renewal that we are
proposing will require significant mobilization among
civil society groups and others interested in
development assistance, as there is no sign that the
current government is interested in fixing CIDA.
Email 1: chris_brown@carleton.ca
Email 2: edward_jackson@carleton.ca
Development and Peace Education (cdpeace), Sierra
Leone, Egnatoff’s studies of the impact on teachers
and students of collaboration between Canadian and
Sierra Leonean school communities, and work at the
University of West Indies related to peace education
and conflict resolution in Jamaican High schools. The
paper reviews recent literature on peace education
and analyzes approaches to peace education through
character education (Canada), national peace
education curriculum initiatives (Caritas Sierra Leone
and Sierra Leone Teachers’ Union/Sierra Leone
Ministry of Education ; national peace education
curriculum developed by cdpeace for Liberia) and the
77
 CASID
work of Missionaries of the Poor (Jamaica) with
homeless and incarcerated. At the centre of the work
is linkages between school communities (pupils,
teachers, parents, community leaders) based on
matters of mutual interest and concern—bi-national
curriculum shaped by collaboration between teachers
in two or more countries. That work is coupled with
associated professional development on international
collaboration for pre-service and in-service teachers.
Brie A. McMahon - St. Francis Xavier University
Community-Driven Peace Education and Non-Violent Conflict Resolution Methods:
The Case of Koche, Ethiopia
Peace-building has long been viewed as a reactive
response to violent conflict. However recently, due
largely to UNESCO’s Culture of Peace, peace-
building is recognized as a more holistic approach to
building peaceful societies and achieving
development. Peace education is a critical element in
building these communities, yet there is very little
discourse on peace education for adults, particularly
with regards to community initiatives.
In order to inform the practice of peace and
development, research was conducted which aimed
to identify the peace-building and non-violent conflict
resolution methods that occur organically in local
communities using the community of Koche in South-
Western Showa, Ethiopia (a region known more for
violence than peace) as a case study. It also
examined how these methods are learned within the
community, focusing on how adults are educated
about, and for peace. The study analyzes what peace
practitioners can learn from local methods and how
they can apply this knowledge in their peace-building
work elsewhere.
The research employs an appreciative inquiry,
strength-based approach commonly used in the
Jules Sisk - McGill University and the Pearson Peacekeeping Centre
Peacebuilding as Social Transformation
The purpose of this paper is to call upon the fields of
peace and security, development studies,
behaviourist psychology, critical pedagogy and
sociology, and develop a multi-disciplinary definition
of peacebuilding as a psycho-social process that is
both meaningful and practical. Given the current state
of affairs, peacebuilding is currently used to mean any
number of things, from post-traumatic stress recovery
2010 ACÉDI
Studies of this work are conducted by international
teams of researchers, each of whom has an
understanding of a particular local context. Findings
are fed back into the participating communities to
strengthen their work. Findings are also reported to
key educational decision makers in order to influence
policy.
Email 1: yee.joong@uwimona.edu.jm
Email 2: Egnatoff@queensu.ca
development sector, and analyzes how applicable this
approach is for the peace and conflict sector. Drawing
from 27 interviews with adult residents of Koche
about peace-building in the family, associations,
schools, and community, this research clearly
demonstrates that the people of Koche have high
levels of knowledge about peace and conflict, as well
as highly sophisticated methods of building peace
and educating about, and for peace. Their
explanations on peace, conflict and a peaceful society
paralleled those found in the literature, and their
peace education methods addressed adult education
principles. Accordingly, it is argued that outside
intervention is not needed to create methods of
building peace; rather the role of the peace
practitioner is to support the community in their peace
efforts. This approach of appreciating and building on
what is present in a community is not only applicable
to identifying peace building methods, but is an
approach which should be utilized by researchers,
peace and development practitioners.
Email: brie506@gmail.com
to the building of roads. As such, practically any
activity undertaken in an area recovering from armed
conflict qualifies as ‘peacebuilding’. The intent of this
paper is to refine the understanding of peacebuilding
to that of a value-driven process that seeks to change
how people in a conflict-affected society think, act and
interact, so that a return violence ceases to be a
possibility. By separating this process of social
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transformation from value-neutral re-construction
activities, such as the building of bridges or digging of
wells, a major step forward can then be taken in
developing policies that target the psycho-social roots
of conflict. As such, it can open the door to the critical
examination of new tools and actors within the
peacebuilding process, such as teachers as key
agents for peace.
Email: jules.sisk@mail.mcgill.ca

Panel 46 – Local: FG-C070

Joint Session: CASID/CALACS
Legacies of the Slave Plantation on Contemporary Socio-Economic and Cultural
Landscapes in Latin America, the Caribbean, and the Southern United States
For more than four decades Kari Polanyi Levitt’s work on the specific structural characteristics of the
tropical agricultural export economies of the Caribbean region has offered unique insights into the historical
and contemporary dynamics of subordination and dependency between plantation economies and
dominant metropoles. On the occasion of the publication of Essays on the Theory of Plantation Economy:
A Historical and Institutional Approach to Caribbean Economic Development by Levitt and Lloyd Best, this
Roundtable will explore the contribution of Levitt to the study of export-oriented agriculture in general, and
Caribbean development in particular.

Chair: Marc McLeod - Seattle University

Discussant: Kari Levitt-Polanyi – Karl Polanyi Institute/Concordia University

Email: kpolany@gmail.com

Haroon Akram-Lodhi – Trent University

The Work of Kari Polanyi on Plantation Economies

For more than four decades Kari Polanyi Levitt’s work
on the specific structural characteristics of the tropical
agricultural export economies of the Caribbean region
has offered unique insights into the historical and
contemporary dynamics of subordination and
dependency between plantation economies and
dominant metropoles. On the occasion of the
publication of Essays on the Theory of Plantation
Economy: A Historical and Institutional Approach to
Caribbean Economic Development by Levitt and
Lloyd Best, this Roundtable will explore the
contribution of Levitt to the study of export-oriented
agriculture in general, and Caribbean development in
particular.
Email: haroonakramlodhi@trentu.ca

Norman Girvan - University of the West Indies at St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
Contemporary Relevance of the Theory of Plantation Economy of Lloyd Best and Kari Polanyi Levitt

The theory of Plantation Economy is part of the
tradition of critical analysis of the emergence, spread
and consolidation of world capitalism from its original
mercantile form to its present form of globalised
finance capital in crisis. It employed a unique blend of
different approaches and the specific form of capitalist
economy and organisation it sought to analyse was
itself unique and sui generis.
Plantation economy theory can be located within the
context of the critical discourse on global capitalism
and the alternative non-neoliberal paradigms,
including Marxism and neo-Marxism, evolutionary

79
 CASID
economics, institutional economics, structuralism and
neo-structuralism. Its approach and insights can be
tapped as part of the critical discourse on
globalisation and neo-liberalism.
Franz Voltaire - director of CIDICHA, Montreal
Haiti, espace et liberté : les travaux de Georges Anglade
« Il n'y aura pas de happy end, le deus ex machina
n'est pas de l'ordre du social et du spatial ; les
éléments de la difficile solution sont toujours-déjà-là,
sur place. À ne pas partir des savoir-faire du MPHs
qui regorge de pratiques acceptables, on se
condamne à affronter des écueils qui ne sont pas
ceux du niveau de nos ressources matérielles et
humaines. Il me semble qu'il faut partir des
fondements de cette géographie politique et
économique de la survie pour engager le processus
Panel 47 – Local: EV1-631
Ruling and development strategies in Southeast Asia and the Caribbean
Chair: Maureen Sioh – De Paul University, USA
Email: msioh@depaul.edu
Discussant: Shama Dossa - University of Toronto
Email: shama.dossa@gmail.com
Anil Varughese – University of Toronto
Incongruous Allies: The Rural and the Big Business in India’s Ruling Coalition
This paper argues that the victory of the Congress
Party in the Indian Parliament elections of 2009 was
underwritten by a dichotomous social coalition that
included the most rich and the most poor—the
proverbial aam aadmi (common man) and the India
Inc. (corporate India). This was facilitated by a
politically astute strategy to alternate between centre-
right and centre-left positions by the Congress Party
during its rule between 2004 and 2009. While
continuing to aggressively defend and expand
policies of economic liberalization as demanded by
the big business, the Congress-led coalition of 2004-
2009 made the protection of the rural poor from
bearing the social costs of liberalization a bigger
priority than in the past. As a result, the total policy
package of the UPA government has been janus-
faced, containing the paradoxical impulses to open
2010 ACÉDI
Email: norman.girvan@gmail.com
de développement, et non surimposer technologies,
capitaux et organisations d'un autre contexte. »
Georges Anglade et sa femme Mireille sont morts
brutalement, avec d'autres membres de leur famille,
enfouis sous les décombres de leur maison, lors du
tremblement de terre qui a dévasté Port-au-Prince le
12 janvier 2010. Georges Anglade vivait entre Haïti et
Montréal après avoir pris sa retraite de Professeur de
l'UQÀM.
more and more sections of the economy to the free
interplay of global market forces while striving to
protect the rural poor from it. Its two flagship
programs for the poor—the farm-loan waiver scheme
and the rural employment guarantee scheme—
committing massive resources, underline the
paradox. The policy support for the rural poor also
serves as a legitimation-mechanism for the growth
process that has caused considerable dispossession
and disempowerment in rural India.
Against explanations that ascribe the workings of
Indian democracy to dynastic charisma and caste-
religion permutations, this paper identifies the
emergence of a semblance of class-based electoral-
coalition building, albeit dichotomous, pursued by the
Congress Party, departing marginally from its past
practice of relying on caste and community vote-
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 CASID
banks. India, it appears, may be finally ready for
developmental politics.
Mohammad Ehsan - Dalhousie University
Rhetoric and Reality of Corruption Control in Bangladesh:
The Case of the Interim Caretaker Government (2007-2008) from an Implementation Perspective
Corruption, be it political or bureaucratic, is believed
to be a governance issue, a sign of poor governance,
a failure of institutions and a reflection of lack of
capacity to manage society by means of a framework
of social, judicial, political and economic checks and
balances. While the extent of corruption is apparently
less in the developed world, it often seems to be a
way of life in developing countries. In the past few
decades, diverse actors, including the state
(government), non-state organizations (civil society)
and development partners (donors), have thus been
seen to actively engage in the effort to reduce
corruption in developing countries. However, despite
myriads of attempts taken, the problem is prevalent
and appalling cases of corruption are reported from
diverse countries. In fact, there is no credible sign of
reduction in corruption, let alone its elimination.
Questions thus arise, whether we can realistically get
rid of corruption and if so, why we have not been able
to contain it yet?
Against this background, this paper looks at a
developing country, i.e., Bangladesh and
contextualizes the question in the perspective of the
country. It, however, does not look at all the
Dennis C. Canterbury - Eastern Connecticut State University, USA
The Bases for Alternative Development in the Caribbean
What should be the bases for alternative development
in the Caribbean – a turn from the US due to its
faltering economy to embrace China because of its
fast recovery from the current crisis and its growing
economy, or a turn to the emerging economies as a
means to transform the forces and means of
production in the region? A viewpoint, which is
gaining momentum in the Caribbean, is that the
region should reconsider its economic relations with
the US in the light of the economic fallout from the
global financial crisis and the recovery process. The
belief is that the Caribbean should take necessary
actions to become more engaged with the emerging
economies and in particular China. The problem with
2010 ACÉDI
Email: anil.varughese@utoronto.ca
abovementioned actors; rather explores only the
government’s role. In particular, the paper looks at a
particular period in the history of Bangladesh (the
interim caretaker regime of 2007-2008), which is
perceived to be a time that came out as a response to
eliminate widespread corruption and analyzes
whether it made any difference. It hypothesizes that
failure in combating corruption in Bangladesh can be
associated, among others, with weak policy design,
inappropriate strategies, techniques, mechanisms
and tools used to combat corruption. Overall, anti-
corruption initiatives have not been successful in
developing countries like Bangladesh due to
incoherent policy design which turns into a policy
failure or even disaster at the policy implementation
level. Unfortunately, this is also the case for this
special period too when the caretaker government
violated constitutional jurisdictions in so many ways.
This period exemplifies and this paper strongly
argues that nothing legitimate, no matter how sacred
an intention is, can come out from an illegitimate
regime.
Email: mehsan@dal.ca
this position however is that it is being encouraged for
the wrong reasons. The decline in the US and its slow
rate of recovery from the crisis compared with China
should not be the underlying factors for such a
transformation. Instead, the change must be
promoted on the bases of the pushback against EU
and US hegemony in the region; the securing of more
favorable economic relations from the emerging
economies; and finding development alternatives to
the existing capitalist productive relations that would
meaningfully transform the forces and means of
production in the Caribbean.
Email: canterburyd@easternct.edu
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 CASID 2010 ACÉDI

Panel 48: French Keynote Speaker

Session ACÉDI - CASCA

Local : MB1-210
Horaire : 11 h

Jean-Pierre Olivier de Sardan

Directeur de recherche émérite au CNRS

Développement, modes de gouvernance et normes pratiques

(une approche socio-anthropologique)

L’étude empirique des modes de délivrance des biens et services publics et collectifs en Afrique par
diverses institutions, révèle des écarts importants entre la gouvernance officielle et la «gouvernance réelle
»: la compréhension des normes pratiques qui régulent les comportements des acteurs concernés devient
alors un programme de recherche, qui peut permettre aussi de poser de façon nouvelle le problème des
réformes «vues de l’intérieur »

Discussant / Commentateur :
John Galaty – McGill University
Email: john.galaty@mcgill.ca

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 CASID 2010 ACÉDI

Wed June 2nd – From 2:30PM to 3:30PM

LB building - De Sève Cinema
Conference: Transforming Research in the Developing World
(Open Access)

Canadian Association of Research Libraries

Concordia University
Canadian Federation for the Humanities and Social Sciences

Access to knowledge is fundamental to all aspects of
human development, from health to food security, and
from education to social capacity building. Yet access
to academic publications is severely restricted for
many developing countries. As well, the prohibitive
cost of publishing and distributing journals in the
developing world means much of the research done
there remains Œinvisible¹ to the rest of the world. This
panel will bring together experts to explore the
potential impact of Open Access on the developing
world.

Haroon Akran-Lodhi - Trent University

Buhle Mbambo-Thata - UNISA Library, South Africa
Leslie Chan - University of Toronto
Hebe Vessuri - Venezuelan Institute of Scientific Research

Conférence : Moteur de développement pour les nations en émergence

(Libre accès)

Association des bibliothèques de recherché

Université Concordia
Fédération canadienne des sciences humaines

L¹accès au savoir est indispensable pour toute forme
de développement humain, de la santé à la sécurité
alimentaire et de l¹éducation à la formation des
capacités sociales. Pourtant, l¹accès aux publications
académiques est fortement restreint dans plusieurs
pays en voie de développement. De plus, le coût
prohibitif de la publication et la distribution des revues
dans ces régions signifient qu¹une grande partie de la
recherche qui y est réalisée n¹est pas connue ailleurs
dans le monde.
Cette table ronde rassemblera des experts qui
réfléchiront sur l¹impact du libre accès dans le monde
en développement.

Haroon Akran-Lodhi - Trent University

Buhle Mbambo-Thata - UNISA Library, South Africa
Leslie Chan - University of Toronto
Hebe Vessuri - Venezuelan Institute of Scientific Research

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Day Three: Conference Sessions
June 2nd - From 1:45 PM to 3:30 PM
Panel 49 – Local: EV3-760
Aid Effectiveness
Chair: Stephen Brown - University of Ottawa
Email: brown@uottawa.ca
Discussant: Brian Tomlinson - Canadian Council for International Cooperation
Email: btomlinson@ccic.ca
Evelyn Noy - Deakin University (Australia)
Aid Effectiveness in the Grey Zone: A Case Study in the DRC
The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)
suffered two major wars, first in1996 and then again
between 1998 and 2003. Peace agreements were
signed in 2002 and a transitional government was
instated in Kinshasa in 2003. Despite this, the
situation in Eastern DRC remains volatile, with the UN
still officially classifying it as a complex emergency.
The Kivu provinces were at the heart of the conflict
and the most violent part of the Congo during the last
four years of war. With end of the war and a newly,
democratically elected government, donors and aid
agencies alike now consider the DRC as moving
towards stability and thus transitioning from relief aid
to development assistance.
Academic literature on the transition zone, or grey
zone, tends to focus on peacekeeping, reconciliation,
and reconstruction of the state. Very little academic
literature focuses on how aid programs should be
implemented at the community level within these
countries during this period. There is also a gap
between academic discourse and practice on the
Fahim Quadir - York University
Aid Effectiveness and the Return of the Technocratic Rationality Narrative: what prospects for autonomous
development in the 21st century?
Given increased emphasis on fostering a ‘culture of
results’, this study aims to examine a broad range of
fiercely debated contemporary issues that seemed to
have shaped the practice of development in recent
years. In particular, it seeks to elucidate the general
meanings and practical implications of the widely
stated but largely unexplored assertion that focusing
2010 ACÉDI
ground, as transition-zone assistance programs have
generally not fed into analytical studies. Nonetheless,
the relationship between development assistance and
emergency relief remains one of the most important
debates within the donor community.
This paper examines one such case study;
specifically, a community-based water, sanitation and
hygiene education (WASH) program that was
implemented in the South Kivu province between
2004 and 2007. Sector-specific literature on relief
and development assistance has been reviewed and
applied to develop a framework for classifying the
type of aid observed on the ground. Field research
was undertaken and interviews were conducted with
both aid workers and beneficiaries and the impact of
this program was assessed. The study finds that
prolonged relief aid in non-emergency contexts can
cause harm, and calls for tighter criteria for
determining when relief vs. development approaches
should be implemented.
Email: evelynnoy@hotmail.com
on results through a new style of management can
make better policy decisions and help design better
strategies that contribute to improving the poverty
conditions in much of the developing world. This
study calls into question the assumption that
“managing for results” will make development efforts
more effective in achieving the Millennium
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Development Goals (MDGs) by 2015. It claims that
increased efforts to manage for results have created
a new development narrative which has in effect
rekindled and renewed the spirit and vision of the
modernity discourse that once legitimized the
dominant role of technocrats and bureaucrats in the
development process. Instead of creating viable
popular organizations capable of promoting enabling
settings for people’s self-development, the new
language of development necessitates the need for
Getachew Mequanent - Canadian International Development Agency (as an individual)
Measuring Development Results and Sustainability: Lessons from Ethiopia
The difficult and complex task of gathering,
aggregating and analyzing data to measure and
communicate development results and their
sustainability has continued to generate a heated
debate in the academia and boardrooms of
governments, donor agencies, NGOs and
corporations. A large part of this can be attributed to
articulating result measurement methods within a
broad framework of development goals like food
security, economic development, social development
and sustainable environment. This paper contributes
to an understanding of how result measurement
methods could be defined in a specific and narrow
scope to gain full insight into processes of change
and the progressive realization of development goals
– or sustainability. The paper is based on the study of
fertilizer promotion efforts by the Ethiopian
government in the Northern highland areas. Years of
intense farmer “agitation” and provision of inputs and
technical advice have resulted in the effective
promotion of fertilizer use, so that today farmers are
Panel 50 – Local: EV1-162
Development in Venezuela
Chair: Jesus Rojas - Communal Council Los Olivos,Venezuela
Email: jesusrojas520@hotmail.com
Discussant: Colin Hamlin – St-Mary University, Halifax
Email: Colin.hamlin@gmail.com
Manuel Larrabure - University of Toronto
Participatory Democracy and Learning: Examining Venezuela’s Socialist Production Units
2010 ACÉDI
grassroots and community-based organizations to
look outside for their own development. It argues that
the changing development narrative is likely to restrict
and limit the political space necessary for civil society
associations, especially people’s organizations, to
promote “autonomous” development aimed at
strengthening local people’s self-management
capacities.
Email: fquadir@yorku.ca
attempting to “economize” the use of fertilizers on
their cultivated farmlands (i.e., how much to use and
for which crop variety). Farmers’ capability to make
needs based, autonomous choices of fertilizer use
(indicating the integration of a “modern” practice into
local knowledge) can be considered as an indictor of
one aspect of government policy effectiveness. In this
context, a result measurement exercise aims to
identify and measure the factors or elements that
created the formative conditions of change in farming
practices in highland Ethiopia, as well as assess
strategies that support the continuity of efforts to
sustain the change and promote the progressive
realization of rural development goals. Such practical
and situationally appropriate result measurement
method is important at a time when the concept of
sustainable development has been widely applied to
serve as a parameter of measuring policy, program
and project results and their sustainability.
Email: getachew.mequanent@acdi-cida.gc.ca
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 CASID
Venezuela is currently undergoing a transition into
what its controversial president Hugo Chavez and his
supporters call ‘socialism for the 21st century’.
Central to this transition are organizations known as
Socialist Production Units (SPUs). SPUs are non-
profit productive enterprises managed by their
workers, local communities and the state. Their goal
is to provide affordable goods to communities in
need. SPUs possess three important characteristics.
First, they operate on the basis of participatory
democracy. This means that participants make
decisions collectively and directly, without the use of
representatives. Second, SPUs are part of
Venezuela’s ‘popular’ or ‘social’ economy, as they
operate within a market economy but have social
goals that go beyond generating a profit. Third, in
both organizations learning happens informally,
Patrick Clark - University of Waterloo
The Social Economy and Development in ‘Twenty-First Century Socialist’ Venezuela
My recent research has examined both theoretical
and practical dimensions of the ‘twenty-first century
socialist’ development model in Venezuela, its
relation to the other new left governments in Latin
America and to global politics more broadly. However,
my focus within the Venezuelan case is on the state-
fostered social economy initiatives which are being
promoted by the Chavez government as part of its
‘endogenous development’ plan. The Major Research
Paper I completed for my Master’s degree
incorporates fieldwork that I conducted this past
summer while visiting Venezuela focused on the
state-sponsored ‘social economy’ initiatives including
national the Ministry of the Communal Economy and
the government’s Plan Café, which targets small-
scale producers. Through my research, I have strived
to critically evaluate some specifics around public
policies and the social economy in Venezuela in
relation to broader theoretical and political themes.
My research is theoretically informed by some of the
recent literature which has emerged on post-
neoliberalism, the social economy as well as some
2010 ACÉDI
namely through everyday practices. Using a Marxist
theoretical framework, my paper examines these
three aspects of SPUs by outlining the contradictions
found in their material reproduction, how their
participants experience these contradictions, and
whether or not democratic participation helps
participants learn to challenge dominant market
relations. Briefly, my findings demonstrate that SPUs
simultaneously reproduce and challenge capitalist
social relations of production and that this dynamic
between reproduction and transformation is reflected
in participants’ experiences and learning within their
organizations. This paper is based on ethnographic
fieldwork conducted at three SPUs in Venezuela
between June and September of 2009.
Email: manuellarrabure@hotmail.com
more conceptual issues around social democratic
politics and participatory democracy and governance.
In my paper I critically examine the discrepancies
between the discourse, policies and practices of the
Chavez government development strategies and the
contradictions and successes of the development
model playing out on the ground in Venezuela. My
research methodology is a combination of fieldwork
through participant observation and interviews in
Venezuela, an examination of relevant government
policy documents and an extensive literature review
on Venezuelan history, politics and the rise of the left
in Latin America. It is my intention to continue this
research into doctoral studies next fall. The Bolivarian
Revolution has deeply impacted inter-American
relations and public policies related to development in
the region. A critical understanding of the specific
successes and challenges of the ongoing
transformation in Venezuela is thus indispensible for
development scholars and practitioners alike.
Email/Courriel: patrickclark1986@gmail.com
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 CASID
Panel 51 – Local: EV1-631
Participation, development and governance
Chair: Alain Boutet – Saint Mary’s University, Halifax
Email: alain.boutet@SMU.CA
Discussant: Rany Ballout – University of Montreal
Email: raiie@hotmail.com
Erin Sirett – McGill University
From Conscientization to Struggle:
A case study of people’s participation in Bangladeshi NGO Nijera Kori
People’s participation in international development –
broadly characterized as the use of “bottom-up” rather
than “top-down” approaches – is considered by many
to be an effective way to achieve equitable change;
after all, democracy’s success relies heavily on the
participation of citizens. While the term tends to
connote positive feelings and values, it is still not
clearly understood which methods actually encourage
and facilitate citizens to participate socially and
politically, a concern which points to the need to
investigate case studies which demonstrate how
citizens organize to effectively challenge the power of
the state and local elite.
The following paper reports the findings of a
qualitative case study of people’s participation with
Bangladeshi NGO Nijera Kori. The name Nijera Kori
means “we do it ourselves” and the NGO draws on
Freire’s concept of conscientization in its aim of
empowering the poor and landless (those with
insufficient access to land to meet their livelihood
Claudine Desjardins - Saint Mary’s University
Le Forum des peuples et son impact dans le processus de démocratisation du Mali
Depuis 1990, les bailleurs de fonds ont fait de la
démocratie libérale une pierre angulaire de leurs
politiques de développement. En plus de promouvoir
la démocratisation des états africains, ils ont mis
l'accent sur une vision économique de la société civile
comme moteur de développement. Cette conception
a diminué l'importance accordée à l'État comme
promoteur d'un développement national et centré sur
les besoins de la population, avec comme
conséquence une extraversion exacerbée du pôle de
décision des politiques de développement. Depuis,
les concepts de PRSP, harmonisation et efficacité de
2010 ACÉDI
needs) to understand and demand that their rights as
citizens be respected. Due to its socially constructed
nature, local understandings of people’s participation
need to be further explored and used as the basis for
research about its impact on people’s lives, in order to
work against the present hegemonic nature of
dominant Western (or Northern) understandings and
knowledge in international development.
My analysis draws on Foley’s (1999) rich work on
“learning in struggle” to consider the important, but
overlooked, relationship between incidental learning
and people’s participation. My research examines
how Nijera Kori’s model of social mobilization,
enables local rural citizens to learn to challenge
inequalities, both at the individual level and the
structural. I also consider the challenges and
contradictions Nijera Kori faces in its process of
facilitating people’s participation.
Email: erin.sirett@mail.mcgill.ca
l'aide sont apparu dans le langages du
développement, tout comme une nouvelle vision du
concept de participation. L'État doit être
coordonnateur du développement et la société civile
doit participer à l'élaboration des politiques de
développement. Cependant, de nombreuses critiques
émergent : instrumentalisation de la société civile et
illusoire coordination par l'État. Depuis 2002, il se
tient au Mali le Forum des peuples (FP), une activité
dénonçant la mainmise des institutions
internationales sur l'agenda du développement au
Mali. Le FP veut promouvoir la participation politique
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 CASID
citoyenne et l'appropriation de l'agenda de
développement par le peuple afin qu'il soit le reflet de
ses préoccupations. Dans l'actuel interface politico-
administratif du développement, comment une activité
comme le Forum des peuples s'inscrit-elle dans le
Corrine Cash - University of Waterloo
Planning for social equity in the Municipality of Stellenbosch, South Africa
Historical inequality in South African planning practice
is reflected in its current spatial layout (Harrison, et al,
2007). The Municipality of Stellenbosch, South Africa
is an area where great wealth in the form of wine
estates, luxurious hotels, spas and leafy green
suburbs exist side by side with displaced farm
dwellers and poverty stricken informal settlements
situated beyond the main industrial, commercial, and
spaces of leisure (Municipality of Stellenbosch, 2009).
Post apartheid South Africa has brought about
internationally acclaimed legislation that is designed
to create a just society whereby all citizens have
equal access to housing and land. Integrated
development planning, initially driven by Agenda 21
goals, is meant to be an intergovernmental and
interdepartmental method of achieving the national
goals of equality and sustainability.
Incorporating an extensive review of key documents
such as plans and policies with results from over 50
interviews conducted in the Municipality of
Panel 52 - Local: EV9-221
Community and Family in Development
Chair: Fiona MacPhail - University of Northern Britsh Columbia
Email: macphail@unbc.ca
Discussant: Ajoy Bista - University of Guelph
Email: Ajoy.Bista@NRCan-RNCan.gc.ca
Laurel Van De Keere - Dalhousie University
To whom will we turn?
The effects of societal change on the experiences & needs of Kenyan elders
In coming years, population aging will become an
increasingly important socio-demographic dynamic
affecting individuals, families, and societies the world
over. Because many countries in the global north are
beginning to witness the ‘greying of their populations’,
2010 ACÉDI
processus de démocratisation du Mali ? Cette
communication tentera de répondre à cette question.
Email: claudine.desjardins@gmail.com
Stellenbosch, this paper reveals implementation
effectiveness as it pertains to the spatial planning of
municipal housing projects.
As opposed to apartheid’s racially discriminatory
decision making practices, a new market-led division
has emerged that is now led by a new set of actors of
many ethnic backgrounds working collectively. The
resulting decisions are clearly manifested in the
spatial design of the municipality as vast division
persists. While much success has been realized since
1994, the overall spatial architecture does not create
an environment that is conducive to stated integrated
social goals promoting equity. The paper suggests a
project-based approach to planning as opposed to a
sectoral approach whereby departments work
together to create mixed use developments that take
into account social, economic and environmental
goals.
Email: ccash@uwaterloo.ca
a great deal of research has investigated the
implications of population aging in this context. A
comparatively small share of the global literature on
aging, however, has examined the unique
characteristics of older populations in the global
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 CASID
south. Further, research that has been conducted
has tended to be confined within the biomedical and
demographic spheres, often overlooking the critical
socio-cultural dimensions of aging, including the
significance of societal change on individual and
collective aging experiences.
Because countries like Kenya are expected to witness
significant population aging within the next four
decades, and because urbanization, globalization,
individualization, familial restructuring, and shifting
religious views will place new pressures on existing
resources during the same timeframe, there is a need
to bridge this outstanding research gap. As such, this
study grapples with the following research question:
Eugenia I. Pearson – Quick PR Consultant Services
The Family with Many Voices: Values and Children 's Aid Society
Children in need of protection traditionally in most
cases were the result of abandonment or abuse.
Today, the role of the CAS has become increasingly
blurred. In court and public discourse about family
change for example, the increase of single parent
families, adoption cases and abuse, the boundaries
between the CAS, social outcomes, morality, culture,
religion and racial differences are often crossed.
This paper examines appropriateness in terms of
racial differences and care among cultural agencies
with placements inside and outside the profession.
The main lines of public disagreement and
boundaries between CAS agencies, and the divides
over methods of moral values, family issues and the
law are inadequate. Of special interest, this paper is
engaging ways of levelling the research field to avoid
hegemony or dominance with specific CAS services
Jeff D. Grischow - Wilfrid Laurier University
Community and Disability in Ghana: Historical Perspectives
My paper will analyze the history of disability in
colonial Ghana (the Gold Coast) between 1935 and
1957 from the perspective of community
development. During this period, the colonial doctrine
of community development sought, in the words of a
1955 report, to help Africans ‘to live the fullest
possible life’ as members of their communities.
During the 1940s this doctrine prompted initiatives in
the spheres of education/literacy, self-help, public
health and sanitation. Community development
teams fanned out across the country, delivering
2010 ACÉDI
how is societal change shaping the characteristics
and needs of Kenya’s aging population?
For my thesis, I adopt a mixed methods approach
informed by a critical and post-critical political
economy perspective to examine the personal aging
experiences of Pokot elders living in the community of
Marich Pass, north western Kenya, in face of multi-
scalar societal changes. Preliminary results highlight
significant challenges in economic, health, socio-
cultural, infrastructural, and environmental domains,
and illuminate a need to explore new elder supports
drawing from governmental and non-governmental
institutions as well as social capital networks.
Email: vandekeere@dal.ca
due to the lack of mindfulness on the background of
individuals when compared to other agencies and
how their values are strongly dealt with differently.
The intent of this debate will be from two
perspectives. A preview of CSA history and its intent
to present discourse leading to the need for cognitive
changes and parental rights to raise their children.
What are the boundaries between professionalism,
advocacy for the protection of children, integrity,
social connectedness, safety and community
involvement, which are dimensions of well-being?
Given these divides over methods and values, how
can academics play a larger role in framing public
consciousness and debates over inappropriate family
intervention? And how can we find common grounds?
Email 1: whyymee@bellnet.ca
Email 2 : whyymee@hotmail.com
everything from adult education programs to films on
proper community agricultural techniques. The
colonial state even sponsored a journal committed to
community development called Advance, complete
with image of a ladder of ‘progress.’ At the same time,
medical experts launched a systematic campaign to
understand blindness in Northern Ghana (the
Northern Territories of the Gold Coast). Although
blindness had been widespread in the north for
decades, it was only in the mid-1940s that colonial
officials ‘discovered’ the problem and linked it to
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 CASID
schistosomiasis (river blindness). The parallel
development of community development and
disability research begs an important question: to
what extent did community development link up with
colonial disability initiatives? The paper will investigate
this question by examining whether colonial
conceptions of ‘community’ included the disabled, and
whether research into disabilities was connected to
community development. This research is significant
Day Three: Conference Sessions
June 2nd - From 3:45 PM to 5:30 PM
Panel 53 – Local: EV3-635
African International Relations
Chair/Discussant: Kevin Dunn - Hobart & William Smith Colleges, USA
Email: k-d-@mekons.com
Timothy M. Shaw - University of The West Indies, India
‘Africa & Global Relations/Studies:
Llessons from/for the continent at start second decade of the 21st century’
Africa has always been impacted by but also
responded to ‘global’ relations. This paper looks at
salient contemporary pressures & opportunities: from
BRICs/NICs as well as the G8/G20 to international
Jane Parpart - University of the West Indies
Engendering African IR in an Increasingly Masculinist World
Gender is an essential component for a full
understanding of governance, war & human
security/insecurity. While there is a growing literature
arguing this point, mainstream & even critical IR still
remains resolutely impervious to gendered
arguments. Much of the literature on IR in Africa
adopts this position as well.
While arguing for the importance of gender, we do not
claim that gender is the only variable that matters in
IR, but rather that gender is a central & often unseen
organizing force that brings important analytical depth
to understanding governance, war & human
(in)security. Paying attention to historically
2010 ACÉDI
for several reasons. First, it will give voice to a social
group that has been largely silent in the literature of
colonial Africa. Second, it is prescient in light of
Ghana’s recent commitment to integrating people with
disabilities into community development projects. In
sum, the paper will provide an important historical
context to current development initiatives relating to
disability.
Email: jgrischo@wlu.ca
mafias/militias & diasporas/remittances: will Africa by
2010 consist mainly of ‘fragile’ or ‘failed’ or
‘developmental’ states...and why?’
Email: timothy.shaw@sta.uwi.edu
constructed social, political & economic structures &
discourses, the paper analyses the gendered
character of bureaucratic structures, governance
practices, democracy, development & citizenship with
particular attention to women & gender relations.
Given the centrality of conflict & human (in)security to
discussions of African IR, we also explore the insights
offered by a gendered analysis of conflict & podt-
conflict societies on the continent, paying particular
attention to the role of masculinity, gendered
assumptions & the practices that emerge from them.’
Email: jane.parpart@sta.uwi.edu
90
 CASID
Thomas Kwasi Tieku - University of Toronto
Worldviews: challenges to ‘African’ international relations’
Email: tom.tieku@utoronto.ca
Panel 54 - Local: EV3-760
Critical analysis of development
Chair: Fahim Quadir
E-mail: fquadir@yorku.ca
Discussant: Douglas Brown – York University
E-mail: dbrown@glendon.yorku.ca
Arne Rückert - University of Ottawa
The Financial Crisis, the International Financial Institutions’ Response, and Zombie Neoliberalism
While the financial crisis of 2008/9 first broke out in
the United States and quickly spread to emerging
market economies, developing countries have not
been exempted from the wide-spread effects of the
crisis. The crisis has already driven more than 50
million people back into extreme poverty, and there is
little hope that the Millennium Development Goals will
be achieved. This paper will interrogate the response
of the International Financial Institutions, the World
Bank and the IMF, to the Financial Crisis of 2008/9.
After having had a serious identity crisis and having
been relegated by some to the dustbin of history, the
IMF and the World Bank have experienced a stunning
Suzanne Dansereau - Saint Mary’s University
Labour and Development: Going beyond neoliberal paradigms
The paper will argue that mainstream development
theory, often labelled neo-liberal in character, as well
as those labelled as alternative development models
are missing an important development opportunity
resulting from the failure to take labour into account. If
they talk about labour at all, it is limited, in both the
neoliberal and alternative development theories, to
employment as a strategy of poverty alleviation and
one of many livelihood strategies. Since the
development objective today is focussed on poverty
alleviation, employment is reduced to pro-poor
employment strategies.
2010 ACÉDI
comeback with the onset of the global financial crisis
and are widely seen as key agents in the resolution of
the crisis. The paper discusses the various policy
responses of the IFIs to the crisis, such as the
emergence of new lending facilities, and argues that a
form of zombie neoliberalism is materializing at the
IFI’s. Zombie neoliberalism combines the death of the
ideational edifice of neoliberalism with the promotion
of slightly modified neoliberal policies in practice.
Hence, neoliberalism seems to be neither dead nor
alive but has taken on a zombie existence at the IFIs
Email/Courriel: aruckert@uottawa.ca
Yet labour is a far more significant component of the
development process. A focus on labour results in a
focus on labour utilisation models and production
strategies. Moving a society away from an
organisation of production that depends on cheap,
unskilled labour to one organised around higher
levels of productivity, will result in higher wages and
skill levels, contribute to greater wealth creation and
stimulate the emergence of a domestic market.
The second component of this domestic process is
the significance of labour as a social force. The paper
will go beyond the limited approach that views the
labour movement as identical to other groups labelled
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as either a civil society or a social movement. Instead,
it will place labour at the heart of the struggle over
capital accumulation and the social pact.
The paper will argue that adequately recognizing the
role of labour and the labour movement will provide
one of the central pieces to the current discussions on
self-centered forms of development being put forward
in recent challenges to neo-liberal globalisation. This
is because it not only addresses the link between
Dimitri della Faille - Université du Québec en Outaouais
Problèmes socio-économiques de l’Amérique latine contemporaine dans un contexte de mondialisation
Dans notre conférence, nous proposerons une
réflexion empirique et théorique sur les discours
experts à propos des inégalités sociales dans
l’Amérique latine contemporaine. Cette conférence a
deux objectifs. Premièrement, nous chercherons à
communiquer les résultats d’analyses empiriques
menées sur les discours experts (principalement en
provenance des sciences sociales) à propos des
inégalités sociales contemporaines dans les pays
sous-développés. À partir de l’analyse assistée par
ordinateur de plusieurs corpus de littérature
scientifique nous montrerons comment la thématique
des inégalités sociales s’insère dans les débats
portant sur les problèmes socio-économiques en
Amérique latine depuis les années 1980. À cet égard,
nous nous intéressons en particulier à la relation
entre les transformations sociales et les débats à
Panel 56 – Local: EV1-162
Beyond development and globalization
Chair: Dominique Caouette - Université de Montréal
Email: dominique.caouette@umontreal.ca
Discussant: John F. Devlin - University of Guelph
Email: jdevlin@uoguelph.ca
Dip Kapoor - University of Alberta
Subaltern social movement (SSM) post-mortems of development in contemporary India
Social movements, dis/organized struggles and the
deliberate or spontaneous political activism of
indigenous (Adivasi or “original dweller”), Dalit
(“downtrodden” or pejoratively referred to as
2010 ACÉDI
production and consumption which is the basis of an
integrated or self-centered economy but because so
many of the policy measures contained within the
current neoliberal agenda have been aimed at
reducing the cost of labour and have resulted in
massive poverty.
Email: esmedancer@yahoo.ca
leurs propos. Deuxièmement, nous désirons partager
une réflexion épistémologique sur l’analyse des
inégalités sociales à partir des outils théoriques et
des catégories de travail des sciences sociales. Nous
nous intéresserons en particulier aux conséquences
pour la pratique et l’établissement de politiques
d’envisager la mondialisation comme un processus
social, économique et culturel complexe. Un
problème social est un phénomène dont la résolution
est souhaitée, mise en mots et débattue au travers de
la circulation d’idées. Nous pensons cependant, que
la mondialisation a changé la manière d’envisager les
problèmes socio-économiques en Amérique latine et
c’est que nous tenterons de montrer dans notre
conférence en analysant les discours experts à
propos des inégalités sociales.
Courriel: dimitridf@yahoo.com
“untouchable” castes), landless/small peasants,
development-displaced peoples (DDPs who are
predominantly from these social groupings) including
Adivasi-Dalit women continue to proliferate,
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consistently interrupting and undermining the grip of
capitalist (including a mainly complicit civil society
reformism predicated on an allegedly “benign
inclusion” of subalterns in to capitalist-modernity) and
socialist political-economic, cultural and theoretical
assimilative projects of compulsory modernization,
industrialization and progress (development), i.e.,
subaltern social movements (SSMs) (Kapoor, 2009a;
2009b) and struggles in India continue to address
(Baviskar, 2005; Da Costa, 2007; Ghosh, 2006;
Menon & Nigam, 2007; Patnaik, 2007; Rajagopal,
2003; Sheth, 2007; SinghaRoy, 2001) re/colonization
and the “coloniality of power”, with it’s attendant
vectors of racism and ethno-cultural chauvinisms
(Grande, 2004; Mignolo, 2000). With these contexts
Aziz Choudry - McGill University
The spread of bilateral free trade and investment agreements in the wake of the breakdown of multilateral
and regional negotiations
During the 1990s, rising opposition to free trade and
investment agreements came to be known in many
quarters as the “anti-globalization” or “global justice”
movement. Considerable scholarly research (e.g.
Starr, 2000; Goodman, 2002; McNally, 2002; Polet
and CETRI, 2004; Bandy and Smith, 2005; Day,
2005) has gone into examining popular struggles
against neoliberal globalization, including campaigns
against the World Bank, the International Monetary
Fund (IMF), the WTO, NAFTA and the Free Trade
Area of the Americas (FTAA). Yet relatively little
attention has been paid to newer movements against
bilateral free trade and investment agreements
(FTAs). This paper critically discusses the spread of
bilateral free trade and investment agreements in the
wake of the breakdown of multilateral (WTO) and
regional (e.g. FTAA) negotiations, and the rise in
social movement activism against these agreements.
Drawing on examples from the Americas, Asia and
the Pacific, I dispel the assumption that bilateral free
trade and investment agreements are less of a threat
Dominique Caouette - Université de Montréal
Beyond Development and Globalization: Social Movement & Critical Perspectives
The paper will explore the links between what
McMichael has called the “globalization project” and
the “development project” by drawing on critical
perspectives emerging predominantly from social
2010 ACÉDI
of development displacement, dispossession,
responses and resistances in mind, the paper will
draw on a current participatory critical-interpretive
research (Kapoor, 2009b) initiative with an Adivasi
(Kondhs) and Dalit (Panos) movement in South
Orissa (an east coast state in India) that seeks first-
time knowledge (in this context) about Adivasi-Dalit
social movements and struggles pertaining to
movement purposes and the learning and knowledge
dimensions/politics of these movements, to expound
upon SSM critiques (and what lies beyond) of state-
capitalist development and modernization (national
and global trajectories).
Email: dkapoor@ualberta.ca
than multilateral agreements. Moreoever, I will argue
that in spite of a multitude of such movements and
mobilizations against these agreements, particularly
(though not exclusively) in the Third World, the
transnational NGO/activist networks that have actively
contested the WTO and FTAA have largely failed to
connect such struggles with each other, and are
largely inconsequential in relation to anti-FTA
activism. There is a disconnect between major
mobilizations against FTAs and NGO networks on
globalization which have generally been slow to react
or seriously address the bilateral deals. On the
contrary, some of these NGOs have issued
triumphalist statements responding to the state of
WTO talks which have suggested that neoliberalism
is on the defensive, which completely ignore the
commitments being made in bilateral free trade
negotiations (e.g. IATP (2008), Menotti, 2008). Finally
I outline some connections being made between
movement movements fighting FTAs.
Email: aziz.choudry@mcgill.ca
movements. The paper attempts to synthesize
contending perspectives coming out from various
chapters of a book project co-directed with Dip
Kapoor that seeks to challenge existing theories of
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development and globalization by repositing
assumptions and built-in explicit/implicit teleologies
present in both projects. By bringing together scholars
from a range of disciplines and theoretical (political-
economy, sociology, political-ecology, cultural
studies, education, feminisms, indigenous
knowledges etc.), the contributors challenge and
deconstruct dominant views on development and
globalization, while being mindful of the inadequacies
of, both, cultural and economic reductionisms. As the
paper will argue, by rooting analyses from the
perspectives and practices of social movement, new
ways of talking and thinking about social
Panel 56 – Local: EV1-631
Micro-economic issues in development
Chair: Getachew Mequanent – ACÉDI / CIDA
Email: getachew.mequanent@acdi-cida.gc.ca
Discussant: Geranda Notten – University of Ottawa
Email: Geranda.Notten@mail.uottawa.ca
Ajoy Bista - University of Guelph
A Study of Rural Household Expenditure Inequality and Poverty:
Sources & Implications for Sustainable Rural Communities in Nepal
This paper examines the relationship between rural
household expenditure inequality and asset inequality
and their link with poverty. Nepal was selected for the
study because poverty had unexpectedly decreased
during the recent armed insurgency. There are also
broader regional implications for the study of Nepal’s
poverty, inequality, and conflict.
Three rural communities in and around the
Kathmandu Valley covered by the Living Standard
Surveys in 1995/96 and 2003/04 were selected for
the study. These communities were selected because
they were more likely to have measurable changes in
the household expenditures and assets over the
years of armed conflict.
The analysis covers “expenditure” and “asset”
assessments, arguably the most important
dimensions of poverty and fundamental inputs into
multi-dimensional poverty analyses. For a better
understanding of poverty, inequality, relative poverty,
and subjective poverty were also assessed.
It was a surprise to discover that the poverty rate in
the panel households that were in seemingly
2010 ACÉDI
transformation emerge outside the confines of
existing categories and concepts rooted in modernity.
While being characterized by a certain éclectisme,
some common ideas can be identified around the
critical notion of voices and practices and the
importance of identity and located knowledge.
Moving away from metanarratives, the collection of
papers instead suggests alternative avenues for
imagining transformative practices and resistance to
global forces, whether it be the market, state and
international organizations or hegemonic knowledge.
Email: dominique.caouette@umontreal.ca
favourable context, significantly increased between
1995/96 (11.5 percent) and 2003/04 (27.2 percent).
The poverty rate in the cross-section households was
much lower in 2007 (2.4 percent). There were
indications that the panel and the cross-section
households saw growth in average per capita assets.
However, the growth was associated with an increase
in asset inequality. On the other hand, the average
per capita expenditure did not grow as much but it
was associated with a decrease in expenditure
inequality.
There was evidence that the households surveyed, in
general, had a high propensity to consume, which
compromised their ability to maintain or build their
productive assets. Therefore, many non-poor
households, in essence, were living in borderline
poverty and were vulnerable to shocks such as a
reduction in off-farm employment opportunities and/or
an increase in food prices.
Email 1: abista@uoguelph.ca
Email 2: ajubista@yahoo.com
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 CASID
Uttam Basnet - Social Welfare Council, National Child Fund, Kathmandu, Nepal
Measuring poverty in the developing countries: getting the right methodology
There is a growing consensus that poverty needs to
be (and can be) reduced. However, the disagreement
arises in the area of defining and measuring poverty.
This presentation focuses on the area of measuring
poverty. The presentation cautions that relying heavily
on panel data only for poverty assessment, a
common trend among many researchers, has several
flaws. It warns that panel data, which are often
collected as a part of such Living Standard Surveys
(LSSs), can fail to present a true picture in the fields.
Though the panel data is useful in assessing change
of poverty status over time but it lacks the essence of
Panel 57 – EV9-221
Development in Afghanistan
Discussant/Chair: Aamir Jamal - University of Calgary
Email: ajamal@ucalgary.ca
Behrang Foroughi - St. Francis Xavier University
Kayla Armitage and David McLeod - St. Francis Xavier University
Rural Development and Community Development Councils in Afghanistan: Exploring the Connections
Three decades of conflict and corruption has
destroyed formal Government of Afghanistan’s social
support networks. Unable to provide substantive
social support to the population, the Government of
Afghanistan has turned to a participatory model of
reconstruction. To meet the needs of the population,
the Afghanistan Ministry of Rural Rehabilitation and
Development (MRRD) through the National Solidarity
Program (NSP) encouraged the creation of thousands
of democratically elected Community Development
Councils (CDCs). CDCs have become the focal point
for rural development in Afghanistan. The CDCs’
objective is to prioritize and address the needs of their
community, seek funding through established donor
channels, and efficiently implement programs. The
CDCs’ community-focused efforts cover a broad
range of community interests including, but not
restricted to: education, transportation, irrigation, and
health.
Literature on CDCs is sparse and far from extensive.
Existing work on the topic generally focuses on the
2010 ACÉDI
participatory poverty assessments and cannot assess
the reality faced by the poor.
It is argued that a fresh round of cross-sectional
survey data needs to supplement the panel data set.
It is suggested that fresh cross-section data helps not
only in understanding the real picture in the field but
also increases validity of the panel data analyses. It
is maintained the use of panel data set and cross-
section data is effective in assessing livelihood
opportunities and constraints and thus in coming up
with better policy recommendations.
Email: uttam.basnet@gmail.com
structure of the program and its potential benefits, but
little can be said in terms of its success in meeting its
two stated goals: community development and laying
the groundwork for local governance. Virtually no
research exists pertaining to CDC creation of inter
and intra-community collaboration.
This paper is a preliminary report of an on-going
research documenting and analyzing trends in
collaboration at the community level created by CDC
activities. It specifically aims to identify inter-
community collaborative decision-making structures
that have occurred as a direct result of CDC activities
and determine the contributing factors making these
collaborative structures conducive to participatory
development. Understanding CDCs as collaborative
community management structures would better
equip program planners and policy makers in their
efforts to facilitate the development of social
foundations engendering an engaged rural
development. This study will help identify applicable
lessons for the Afghani Government, international
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 CASID
organizations and CDCs alike in recognizing
previously unidentified opportunities of creating
collaborative structures for rural development in
Afghanistan.
Peter Tamas - Wageningen University, The Netherlands
Good community development is/not counter-insurgency warfare
The political spectrum places soldiers at one end and
community development field workers at the other.
Between these we find the entire range of those who
‘do’ development. This paper explores current
practice and foundational texts in community
development and counter insurgency from the
perspective of those who actually do the work in the
field. It then takes a step back and places the both
community development and counter-insurgency in
Shiva Nourpanah - Dalhousie University
The Gordion Knot : A Review of the State of Development in Afghanistan
Despite the millions of dollars of aid poured into
Afghanistan, there is real concern that this country will
be unable to reach the (Afghanised) Millenium
Development Goals, while the 2007 UNDP Human
Development reports notes that some of the
indicators –most noticeably and most un-surprisingly
those related to gender equality and female
empowerment, have actually regressed since 2003.
This paper provides a comprehensive critical review
of the current state of development in Afghanistan,
through the lens of different actors engaged on the
ground: the World Bank, ACBAR, and UNDP, by
focusing on the latest reports on Afghanistan issued
by these institutions. The most salient challenges as
conceived by each institution is highlighted, and the
proposed solutions discussed, paying particular
attention to the UNDP proposal of a hybrid model
Panel 58 – Local GM407-1
Doctoral Studies in IDS
Chair: Anthony O’Malley - Saint Mary’s University
Email: aomalley@SMU.CA
Discussant: Sally Humphrey - University of Guelph
2010 ACÉDI
Email: bforoughi@stfx.ca
their appropriate corners of the literature on state
formation. This paper finds that front line soldiers in
counter-insurgency campaigns and community
development field workers have a great deal more in
common than they do, respectively, with the
institutional apparatus of development and the
military.
Email: peter.tamas@wur.nl
justice system, put forward with the goal of bridging
modern and traditional judicial mechanisms, and thus
achieving more effective rule of law.
This review, juxtaposed side-by-side with
commentary by local Afghan actors such as female
NGO workers, ex-warlord MPs, and Taliban
spokespersons provides a fascinating snapshot of the
fragmented and almost surreal situation of
development practice as currently implemented in
Afghanistan.
The author then moves on to place current challenges
in Afghanistan in a historic context, arguing without
such contextualization, it impossible to take
sustainable measures towards effective and durable
stabilization of this country.
Email: sh596189@dal.ca
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 CASID
This panel will explore the permutations and
prospects of various initiatives to establish in Canada
a program of graduate studies in international
development leading to the doctoral degree. The
Phillipe Regnier - University of Ottawa
2-tier Doctoral Program in International Development Studies
Dr. Regnier of the School of International
Development and Global Studies (SIDGS) at the
University of Ottawa. In his capacity as Professor and
Director of the School he is leading a proposal to
establish a 2-tier Doctoral Program in International
Development Studies at the University. He has
considerable relevant experience in Europe,
Raul Delagado Wise - Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Mexico
The dynamics of institutional partnership
Dr. Delgado Wise will report on the institutional
development of a doctoral program of development
studies at the Autonomous University of Zacatecas.
The program was established in 2003 and has taken
form over the years since then as a major centre of
excellence in international development studies on
the basis of numerous institutional partnerships and a
high level of support from the federal and state
Ben White – Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Perspective on critical issues of program development at the doctoral level
A bizarre interlude: the PhD project in the modern world of international development studies
Ben White is the outgoing Chair for many years of the
PhD Committee at the Institute of Social Studies
(ISS), the first established IDS graduate program in
the world, in The Hague, the Netherlands. On the
basis of his involvement in the construction of a PhD
programs in IDS at one of Europe’s premier centres
of development studies he will provide his perspective
on the critical issues of program development at the
doctoral level, and the possible permutations of
institutional cooperation and resource sharing.
He will present his reflections on the nature of the
PhD project, with a focus on internatioal development
studies. First, he argues that the manner in which
PhD candidates obtain the doctorate, in the great
2010 ACÉDI
panel will discuss the prospects for the further
development of these programs on the basis of inter-
university cooperation, both within Canada and North-
South, and the sharing of relevant resources
particularly at the University of Geneva. He will review
the dynamics of doctoral studies programming in the
DS field, with a central focus on and concern with the
role and dynamics of inter-institutional cooperation.
He will also discuss the proposal of a Canadian
doctoral school in DS on the European/EADI model.
Email: Philippe.Regnier@uottawa.ca
governments in Mexico. Delgado-Wise will review the
dynamics of institutional partnership and discuss the
human, financial and other resource requirements of
a doctoral program, as well as the ramifications of a
program of inter-institutional cooperation and
resource-sharing.
Email: rdwise@estudiosdeldesarrollo.net
majority of doctorate programmes around the world, --
that is, through the writing of a book (or, a book-like
thing), based on an extended period of individual
research -- is a bizarre legacy of history, completely
inappropriate to the modern age.
Then, since this form of PhD project is here to stay for
the next few years at least, the next part is directed
mainly to PhD candidates and their supervisors,
offering some thoughts about how to survive and
enjoy it. Finally, he ends with a brief vision of a
different kind of doctorate programme which we might
see some years from now.
Email: white@iss.nl
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Index of participants
Aamir Jamal - University of Calgary............................45, 96
Abigail Bakan - Queen’s University...................................28
Adam Sneyd - University of Guelph..................................73
Aga Khan - University of Ottawa.......................................39
Ahmed T. Rashid - University of Ottawa.....................39, 40
Ajoy Bista - University of Guelph ................................89, 95
Akram-Lodhi - Trent University .........................................28
Alain Boutet – St-Mary University, ....................................88
Alejandra Roncallo - York University ................................30
Alexandre Corriveau-Bourque
McGill University..........................................................14
Alison Kekewich – Dalhousie University ...........................14
Almas Zakiuddin
University of British Columbia......................................19
Anil Varughese – University of Toronto ......................46, 80
Ann Weston – IDRC..........................................................14
Anthony H. O’Malley
Saint Mary’s University ................................................61
Anthony O’Malley - Saint Mary’s University ................70, 97
Aristide Nononsi – McGill University .................................74
Arne Rückert - University of Ottawa..................................92
Asfia Gulrukh - University of Manitoba..............................64
Aziz Choudry - McGill University.................................26, 94
Babatope Akinwande
Tearfund, London, UK .................................................70
Barbara Heron - York University .......................................62
Becky Lentz - McGill University ........................................54
Behrang Foroughi
St. Francis Xavier University........................................96
Ben White – International Institute of Social
Studies, The Hague, The Netherlands ..................56, 98
Beth Jean Evans - Dalhousie University...........................30
Bill Morton - North South Institute .....................................76
Bina Agarwal - University of Delhi, India.....................36, 56
Blane Harvey - Institute of Development Studies
University of Sussex, Brighton, UK........................21, 41
Boubacar Oumarou...........................................................51
Brian Tomlinson - Canadian Council for
International Cooperation ............................................85
Brie A. McMahon
St. Francis Xavier University........................................78
Buhle Mbambo-Thata
UNISA Library, South Africa ........................................84
Camilla Toulmin, International
Institute for Environment and Development.................53
Cassandra Eberhardt - Queen’s University ......................54
Charmain Levy- UQO ........................................................7
Chris Brown - Carleton University.....................................77
Chris Duncanson-Hales - Université
St. Paul University .................................................11, 19
Christine Gibb - University of Guelph................................37
Claudine Desjardins - Saint Mary’s University ..................88
2010 ACÉDI
Colin Hamlin - Saint Mary’s University ....................... 50, 86
Conny Davidsen - University of Calgary..................... 54, 69
Corrine Cash - University of Waterloo.............................. 89
Cynthia Enloe - Clark University, Worcester .................... 18
Daniel Ahimbisibwe - Uganda Martyrs University
Kampala Uganda ........................................................ 13
David Austin - Independent .............................................. 27
David Gillies - North-South Institute ................................. 47
David Kintu Nkwanga - Nature Palace Foundation
Kampala, Uganda ....................................................... 18
David McDonald – Queen’s University............................. 39
David McLeod - St. Francis Xavier University .................. 96
Delaney Greig – University of Toronto ............................. 39
Denise Piché - Université Laval ....................................... 52
Dennis C. Canterbury - Eastern Connecticut
State University, USA.................................................. 81
Denyse Côté – Orégand, UQO .......................... 31, 55, 105
Dimitri Della Faille - UQO ........................................... 70, 93
Dip Kapoor - University of Alberta ........................ 26, 41, 93
Dominic Hakim Silvio - Dalhousie University.................... 57
Dominique Caouette - Université de Montréal ..... 33, 93, 94
Douglas Brown – York University............................... 37, 92
Dulce Maria Cruz Herrera
Université Paris X-Nanterre ........................................ 74
Durdana Islam - Natural Resources Institute ................... 36
Edward T. Jackson - Carleton University ......................... 77
Emeka Xris Obiezu –University of Toronto ...................... 12
Émile Brutus - PAPDA...................................................... 59
Erin Sirett - McGill University............................................ 88
Eugenia I. Pearson – Quick PR Consultant Services.. 3790
Evelyn Noy - Deakin University - Australia....................... 85
Fahim Quadir - York University .................................. 85, 92
Faisal Islam - McGill University ........................................ 71
Fiona MacPhail
University of Northern British Columbia ...................... 31
Fiona MacPhail
University of Northern Britsh Columbia ....................... 89
Franklin Midi ..................................................................... 55
Franz Voltaire - director of CIDICHA, Montreal ................ 80
Gabriel C. Goyette - Chaire sur la gouvernance
et l'aide au développement, UQAM ............................ 25
Gabriela Silva – Université du Québec à Montréal .......... 48
George J. Sefa Dei - University of Toronto ...................... 72
Geranda Notten – University of Ottawa............................ 95
Getachew Mequanent - CIDA (as an individual) ........ 86, 95
Gillian McGillivray - York University ................................. 66
Gonzalo Lizarralde
Université de Montréal ........................................ 56, 105
Govind Gopakumar - Concordia University...................... 49
Guy Debailleul - Université Laval ..................................... 16
Harley Jonhson ................................................................ 33
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Haroon Akram-Lodhi
Trent University .........................................17, 72, 79, 84
Heather MacKenzie - Dalhousie University ......................57
Hebe Vessuri
Institute of Scientific Research - Venezuela ................84
Heidi Monk - Saint Mary’s University ................................70
Hélène Jolette – UPA-DI...................................................33
Henry Veltmeyer - Saint Mary’s University .............5, 36, 61
Hepzibah Munoz Martinez
El Colegio de la Frontera Norte, Matamoros ...............49
Hugo Pollender - Université Laval ....................................58
Hunter McGill - University of Ottawa.................................66
Igor Ampuero – St-Mary University...................................62
Index of participants..........................................................99
Indira Chakravarty – Government of India ........................48
Iqbal Alam - Institute of Development Studies
Fellow - Bangladesh ...................................................35
Ishara Mahat - University of Western Ontario...................38
J. I. (Hans) Bakker - University of Guelph.........................20
Jackie McVicar - St. Francis Xavier University .................68
Jane Poupart - University of the West Indies....................56
Javier Mignone - University of Manitoba...........................68
Jean-Marie Bourjolly
Université du Québec à Montréal ........................56, 105
Jean-Pierre Olivier de Sardan
Directeur de recherche émérite au CNRS...................83
Jeff D. Grischow - Wilfrid Laurier University .....................90
Jesus Rojas - Communal Council
Los Olivos, Venezuela.................................................86
Jing Guan – McGill University...........................................74
Joanne B. Rennick - St. Jerome's University
in the University of Waterloo..................................11, 19
Johanne Boucher - Université de Sherbrooke ..................24
John Cameron - Dalhousie University ........................49, 69
John F. Devlin - University of Guelph .........................59, 93
John Galaty – McGill University ........................................83
Jonathan Langdon - St. Francis Xavier University......41, 42
Jorge Nallim - University of Manitoba ...............................68
José O. Solá - Seattle University of Puerto Rico ..............66
Joseph Ogbonnaya – St Michael’s College ......................11
Joseph Tharamangalam
Mount Saint Vincent University....................................36
Joshua Ramisch - Université d'Ottawa .............................17
Jules Sisk - McGill University
and the Pearson Peacekeeping Centre.......................78
Julie Drolet - Thompson Rivers University........................31
Kari Levitt-Polanyi – Karl Polanyi Institute,
McGill University and Concordia University...........14, 79
Katie MacDonald - York University ...................................63
Kayla Armitage - St. Francis Xavier University ................ 96
Kénel Délusca - Université de Montréal............................25
Kevin Dunn - Hobart & William Smith
Colleges, USA .......................................................53, 91
Kim Burnett – University of Waterloo ................................14
Kimlee Wong – University of Manitoba .............................63
Krishna Ahooha Patel – Saint Mary's University.........71, 77
2010 ACÉDI
Lance W. Robinson .......................................................... 30
Lance W. Robinson - Vancouver Island University .......... 21
Larry Swatuk - University of Waterloo .................. 30, 48, 71
Laurel Van De Keere - Dalhousie University.................... 89
Laurier Turgeon – Université Laval .......................... 56, 105
Leigh Brownhill - York University...................................... 17
Leslie Chan - University of Toronto .................................. 84
Liam Swiss - University of Ottawa.................................... 67
Linda Anne Vaillancourt - Université Laval
and CUSO-VSO .......................................................... 24
Lotsmart Fongjong - University of Buea
Cameroon ....................................................... 13, 33, 60
Louis Verret - ACDI-CIDA ................................................ 59
Louisa Nakanuku - Carleton University ............................ 54
Luis González - Indiana University................................... 66
Lynda Collins – University of Ottawa................................ 74
Maliha Crishti - University of Toronto ............................... 46
Manuel Larrabure - University of Toronto................... 50, 86
Marc McLeod - Seattle University .............................. 66, 79
Marcus Taylor - Queen’s University ................................. 28
María Celia Bravo
Universidad Nacional de Tucumán ............................. 66
Marianne Pemberton – University of Guelph ................... 14
Marie Fall
Université du Québec à Chicoutimi................. 38, 51, 57
Mark Rushton – Universidad Autónoma
de Zacatecas, Mexico ................................................. 37
Marta Rohatynskyj - University of Guelph ........................ 39
Martha Stiegman - Concordia University.......................... 26
Martine Hubert - CEGEP de Lévis-Lauzon#59
Matthew Schnurr - Dalhousie University .......................... 72
Maureen Sioh - De Paul University, USA......................... 29
Maureen Sioh – De Paul University, USA ....................... 80
Melanie O'Gorman - University of Winnipeg .............. 22, 34
Message de remerciement................................................. 9
Message of thanks ............................................................. 9
Mireille Mathieu - Université de Montréal ................. 55, 105
Mitu Sengupta – Ryerson University ................................ 30
Mizan Rahman - University of Lincoln.............................. 40
Mohammad Ehsan - Dalhousie University ....................... 81
Mohammed Chikhaoui
Directeur de Oxfam-Québec ....................................... 16
Molly den Heyer - Dalhousie University ........................... 76
Msimbithi Ntloko - University of Waterloo......................... 48
Myrle Ballard - University of Manitoba.............................. 63
Nathan Loewen - Vanier College ..................................... 20
Neera M. Singh - University of Toronto ............................ 22
Neera Singh - University of Toronto ................................. 59
Nicole St-Martin - Université de Sherbrooke .............. 14, 40
Nilfur Ahmad - World Bank............................................... 35
Nilima Gulrajani
London School of Economics, UK......................... 66, 75
Nina Di Stefano - Association of Universities
and Colleges of Canada.............................................. 33
Nipa Banerjee – University of Ottawa .............................. 45
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Norman Girvan - University of the West Indies
at St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago ..................61, 80
Nuah Makungu – Université d'Ottawa ..............................17
Olga Navarro-Flores – École des Sciences
de la Gestion (ESG) - UQAM.................................15, 40
Pablo S. Bose - University of Vermont, USA ....................21
Patricia Juárez Dappe - California State
University, Northridge ..................................................66
Patrick Clark - University of Waterloo .........................50, 87
Pelagie Lefebvre - International Development
Research Centre .........................................................60
Penelope Simons – University of Ottawa..........................74
Peter Joong – University of West Indies
Caribbean ........................................................23, 33, 77
Peter Tamas - Wageningen University
The Netherlands ....................................................46, 97
Phillipe Regnier - University of Ottawa .............................98
Rany Ballout – University of Montreal...............................88
Raul Delagado Wise - Universidad Autónoma
de Zacatecas, Mexico............................................61, 98
Ray Vander Zaag - Canadian Mennonite University.........12
Rebecca Teissen
Royal Military College of Canada ..........................13, 62
Robert Hazel - Consultant.................................................57
Roksana Bahramitash
University of Montreal............................................32, 45
Rosario Adapon Turvey - Nipissing University..................47
Sally Humphrey - University of Guelph .............................97
Salmata Ouedraogo - Université du Québec
à Chicoutimi.................................................................38
Scott Matter - McGill University.........................................42
2010 ACÉDI
Shah Md Nawaz - Ontario Ministry of Agriculture,
Food and Rural Affairs ................................................ 32
Shama Dossa - University of Toronto .............................. 45
Shannon Walsh - McGill University .................................. 27
Shelley Jones - State University of New York
College at Potsdam......................................... 13, 34, 62
Shirley Thompson - Natural Resources Institute
University of Manitoba........................................... 35, 63
Shiva Nourpanah - Dalhousie University.......................... 97
Simon Carter - IORC ........................................................ 53
Stephen Baranyi – University of Ottawa............... 28, 47, 59
Stephen Brown - University of Ottawa ................. 67, 75, 85
Susan Healey - Senior Consultant
Harry Cummings and Associates.......................... 49, 68
Suzanne Dansereau - Saint Mary’s University................. 92
Talia Meer - Dalhousie University .................................... 21
Tejwant K. Chana - University of Alberta ......................... 33
Terisa Turner – University of Guelph ............................... 71
Theresa Ulicki - Dalhousie University............................... 13
Thomas Ryan - Nipissing Univeristy ................................ 23
Timothy M. Shaw
University of The West Indies, India............................ 91
Tom Tunney – Entraide universitaire
mondiale du Canada (EUMC) ..................................... 59
Uttam Basnet - Social Welfare Council
National Child Fund, Kathmandu, Nepal..................... 96
Vanessa Lozecznik - University of Manitoba.................... 64
Welcome from the Conference chair.................................. 7
William J. Egnatoff - Queen’s University .................... 22, 77
Xiong Ying - Guangxi University, China ........................... 23
Zohreh Fanni - Shahid Beheshti University
Tehran, Iran................................................................. 32
100