Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1
Tables
Table 1: Parameters Reported in PGMN wells to be above the Ontario Drinking Water Quality Standard and
their Concentration Ranges
Table 2: Presentations, Workshops and other Outreach Activities carried out by the Unit in 2009/10.
Figures
Figure 1 Unit Organization Chart (Name and Key Function for the Year : 2009‐10)
Figure 2 Location of Provincial Groundwater Monitoring Network Wells
Figure 3 Location of Provincial Stream Water Monitoring Network Stations
Figure 4 Provincial Groundwater Monitoring Network (PGMN) Station with Rain Gauge and Telemetry System
Figure 5 Groundwater samples being collected from a PGMN well for chemical analyses
Figure 6 Stream water samples are collected by the Conservation Authorities and the ministry
Figure 7 Total phosphorus concentrations in southern Ontario streams, as measured in the PWQMN
Figure 8 Nitrate ion concentrations in southern Ontario streams, as measured in the PWQMN
Figure 9 Average Fluoride concentrations in Provincial Groundwater Monitoring Network wells (2002‐2009)
Figure 10 Maximum Uranium concentrations in Provincial Groundwater Monitoring Network wells (2002‐2008)
Figure 11 Maximum Nitrate Concentrations in Provincial Groundwater Monitoring Network wells (2002‐2009)
Figure 12 Stream Water Microbiology Monitoring Sites
Figure 13 Special techniques used to collect stream water samples for microbial analysis and genotyping
Figure 14 Map of Sensitive Watersheds (COA‐Funded Water Monitoring Assessment /Climate Change project)
Figure 15 Map of Sensitive Sub‐Watersheds in the Long Point Watershed (COA‐Funded Water Monitoring
Assessment /Climate Change project)
Figure 16 Groundwater Level and Area Precipitation Data – PGMN well site 220 in the Exeter Area
Figure 17 Percentile Method for Establishing Groundwater Level Indicators ‐ Low Water Response Program
Figure 18 Flow is measured in one of the Nutrient Monitoring streams
Figure 19 A turbidity sensor is connected to a sampler. Water samples are collected automatically when turbidity
levels exceed certain thresholds
Figure 20 Nitrate (NO3‐) Concentrations in the Nutrient Monitoring Streams
Figure 21 Nitrogen Indicator Map ‐ Based on PWQMN data used in OMAFRA prioritization framework pilot study
Figure 22 Water samples collected from an urban stream were prepared for delivery to the laboratory for
pesticides analysis
Figure 23 Urban Stream Locations ‐ 10 urban streams where pesticides were monitored in 2008 and 2009
Figures 24,25 Toronto Tributary Toxics Monitoring Program ‐ Collecting samples from GTA urban streams
Figure 26 Toronto Tributary Toxics Monitoring Program – Monitoring Site Locations [10 sites]
Figure 27 Trends in Steam Water Chloride Concentrations ‐ (1975‐2009) based on Seasonal Mann Kendall test
for trend
Figure 28 Median Stream Water Chloride Concentrations – 2005‐2009
Figure 29 In‐situ Groundwater Quality Monitoring Station in the Exeter area
2
( 1 ) Description of the Groundwater and
Stream Water Monitoring Unit
1a) Programs and People
The Ministry of the Environment’s Groundwater and Stream Water
Monitoring Unit is a small, active Unit, whose business is focused on the
delivery of products that are linked to provincial priorities.
It is part of the Water Monitoring and Reporting Section of the Environmental
Monitoring and Reporting Branch; managed by Wolfgang Scheider, and
operates out of the Resources Road Complex in Etobicoke.
In 2009‐10, the Unit consisted of 15 scientific and technical staff including the
Unit Supervisor (see Figure 1: Unit Organization Chart).
The Unit implements two large, provincial‐scale, ambient, water monitoring
programs in partnership with the 36 Ontario Conservation Authorities and 10
municipalities.
The Unit leads the delivery of the:
• Provincial Stream Water Quality Monitoring Network (PWQMN)
• Provincial Groundwater (Level and Chemistry) Monitoring Network
(PGMN)
Both programs are currently operating with over 400 ambient monitoring stations,
(Figure 2: PGMN Monitoring Stations; Figure 3: PWQMN Monitoring Stations)
“
The Unit implements two large,
provincial-scale, ambient, water
1b) Core Business monitoring programs in partnership
with the 36 Ontario Conservation
Core business of the Unit includes:
Authorities and 10 municipalities.
¾ The collection, management,
scientific analyses, and reporting of stream water chemistry, groundwater chemistry, and
groundwater level data, that is collected under the two provincial water monitoring
programs,
3
¾ The provision of scientific leadership and support to the Ministry of the Environment on a
number of high‐profile issues/activities, including: Cosmetic Pesticides in Urban Stream
Water, Road Salt in Stream Water, Climate Change, Source Water Protection, Nutrients in
Stream Water, Low Water (Drought) Response, and CCME ‐ Water and Climate Change.
¾ The provision of outreach /information sharing with the Local Health Units, Conservation
Authorities, Ministry of the Environment (MOE) Regional Offices ‐ Operations Division and
Drinking Water Management Division, and other parties internal and external to the
ministry.
1
Figure Unit Organization Chart
(Name and Key Function for the Year 200910)
Wolfgang Scheider
Manager
Deborah Conrod
Supervisor - Hydrogeologist
Staff who have joined the Unit in 2010-11 and have contributed to the on-going unit activities include:
4
Figure
2 Location of Provincial Groundwater Monitoring Network Wells
5
5
Figure
3 Location of Provincial Stream Water Monitoring Network Stations
6
6
1c) Program Products
The Products that are generated by the Unit are varied in nature and include:
¾ The operation of the two provincial‐scale, water monitoring networks,
which serve as a framework:
o For producing high quality stream water chemistry data,
groundwater level data, groundwater chemistry data, and
precipitation data; for use in delivering the ministry’s water
management and protection programs
o For the Ministry of the Environment and other parties (eg.
academia, consultants, etc.) to carry out special studies and
research
¾ Scientific leadership on ministry priority issues
¾ Scientific/Technical Reports
¾ Workshops and Presentations
¾ Notices and Hydrogeological Reports on potential health concerns to the
Local Health Units, Conservation Authorities, and MOE Regional offices.
¾ Peer Reviewed Journal Papers
¾ Research and Innovation Projects
1d) Clients and Utility of the Data
The Unit provides both the scientific data that is generated from the delivery of
both of the provincial monitoring programs, as well as the scientific expertise /
leadership in the interpretation of the data.
Ministry of the Environment
¾ Standards Development Branch
Data and scientific support for the development and evaluation of
water quality standards and objectives
¾ Technical Support Sections of Operations Division
Data for evaluation of:
o Permit‐To‐Take‐Water applications,
o Assessing assimilative capacity in reviewing and issuing
Certificates of Approval for discharge of treated waste water
o Identification of priority watersheds for targeting inspections
and abatement activities
o quarry applications
o interference complaints,
o development proposals, etc
o E.g. Hydrogeological Reports on groundwater chemistry in select
areas
7
¾ Drinking Water Management Division
o Source Water Protection
Scientific support for development of risk evaluation (eg pathogens, nutrients)
Data for use by Conservation Authorities for Source Water Protection delivery
products
o Drinking Water Inspection Units
Data and hydrogeological reports for use in drinking water inspections
¾ Integrated Environmental Policy Branch
o Scientific leadership / support for water monitoring and climate change CCME issues
o Assessing environmental changes in response to the implementation of policies
¾ Corporate Issues
o Scientific leadership on Cosmetic
Pesticides, Road Salt
Ministry of Natural Resources
¾ Low Water Response Program
o Scientific leadership/support on
groundwater indicator development
and testing
o Installation of rain gauges into the
groundwater network
Conservation Authorities
¾ Watershed Report Cards
¾ Low Water Response
¾ Water Budget Development and Watershed
Characterization for Source Water Protection
¾ Identification of priority watersheds for
community outreach programs
Local Health Units
¾ Use of the groundwater data and hydrogeological reports for providing advice to private well
owners on testing and treating private groundwater supplies ‐ eg. Fluoride, Nitrate, Uranium
Environment Canada
¾ Use of the stream water data for development of stream water quality indicator reports
(annual Canadian Environmental Sustainability Indicator (CESI) reports)
Water Consulting Industry
¾ Use of the data to support delivery of private sector consulting services
8
Municipalities
¾ Use of the data to support land use and water resource planning decisions
¾ Identification of areas affected by road salting to inform salt management planning.
Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs
¾ Use of the data in the Priority Watershed Project – a project designed to assist OMAFRA in
identifying priority agricultural / environmental issues
Academia
¾ Use of the groundwater and stream water data to support research including
o Pesticides in stream waters (University of Guelph)
o Oxygen and hydrogen isotopes in groundwater (University of Waterloo)
o Tributary impacts on pathogen occurrence in the Great Lakes near shore (Wilfrid
Laurier University)
Public
¾ Use the data to make informed decisions about their water
Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME)
¾ Leadership on developing monitoring methods and guidance tools.
¾ Cooperation on monitoring projects across provinces and territories
( 2 ) Description of Programs Delivered by the
Unit
2a) Provincial Groundwater Level and Chemistry Monitoring
Network (PGMN)
Ministry of the Environment records show that there are over 500,000 water wells in Ontario where
the water use is listed as domestic. Many of these wells are private water wells which do not
necessarily have all of the safe‐guards of testing and treatment that are found in municipal supply
wells.
Although the PGMN wells are not used to supply water and are used for monitoring purposes only,
they do in many cases monitor aquifers that do supply water.
“
The PGMN Program generates ambient The PGMN Program supports decisions
(baseline) groundwater chemistry and on water testing and treatment, water
level information. This information is allocation under Permits to Take Water,
used to make informed decisions about Source Water Protection, and potential
giving advice on water testing and climate change impacts.
9
treatment to private well owners, water allocation under the ministry’s Permit‐To‐Take‐Water
program, source water protection planning, and potential climate change impacts. The program
allows for the recognition of correlations between land use activities and geology with groundwater
chemistry; and between weather and groundwater levels.
The PGMN Program was initiated in the year 2000, and is a relatively new groundwater monitoring
program when compared to other environmental monitoring programs.
4
¾ Groundwater Levels
Figure PGMN Station
With Rain Gauge and Telemetry System
Funded in year 2000 ($6.01M) by the
province, the PGMN program now consists of
over 470 ambient groundwater monitoring
stations (Figure 2); monitoring groundwater
levels once every hour.
Approximately 350 of these stations use
telemetry systems (primarily cellular phone
based systems) to automatically transmit the
groundwater level data from the well sites to
the Program Information System once every
two weeks, (Figure 4).
¾ Groundwater Chemistry
A comprehensive chemical analysis is initially
carried out for each of the 470 PGMN wells at
the Ministry of the Environment Laboratory
in Etobicoke, (Figure 5). This analysis
includes: general chemistry, major ions,
metals, nutrients, pesticides, herbicides and
volatile organic compounds.
Approximately 360 of the program wells form the on‐going groundwater chemistry monitoring
component of the PGMN program. This on‐going monitoring includes: general chemistry, metals,
nutrients, and major ions.
To ensure integrity of the water chemistry component of the program, a number of quality
assurance / quality control measures are in place including: the use of specific sample collection and
handling procedures, the use of dedicated pumps in 220 of the monitoring wells, and since 2008,
having the chemical analyses being performed at one laboratory (i.e the Ministry of the
Environment Laboratory) to ensure consistency and to allow for comparable results.
10
¾ Precipitation
Figure 5 Groundwater samples being
collected from a PGMN well
for chemical analyses
Given the scope and scale of the groundwater monitoring
network, the PGMN program offered an excellent
opportunity to capture a precipitation (rainfall)
monitoring component; to allow for a better
understanding of correlations between precipitation and
groundwater levels, and in shallow aquifers, between
precipitation and groundwater chemistry.
The PGMN program currently has about 85 rain gauges
(provided by the Ministry of Natural Resources)
distributed across the network (Figure 4).
Precipitation data is monitored generally once every 10 to
15 minutes.
¾ Barometric Pressure
Because groundwater levels can be affected by barometric
pressure, 35 PGMN wells have baro‐loggers and are
recording the barometric pressure once per hour.
Barometric pressure data is sent automatically from the well site to the program information
system via the telemetry system, once every two weeks, and is used to correct raw groundwater
level readings.
¾ Provincial Groundwater Monitoring Information System (PGMIS)
The program information system is a web‐based information system that interacts with the
telemetry system to accept and store the groundwater level and barometric pressure data that is
recorded at the well sites.
In addition, it stores manually up‐loaded groundwater level, precipitation, and chemistry data that
is not collected through the telemetry system. All water chemistry data analyzed at the MOE
laboratory between the years 2002 to 2008 has been uploaded into the system in 2009.
Barometric pressure correction procedures are applied to the raw groundwater level data to
generate corrected groundwater level data and a profile for each monitoring well.
11
2b) Provincial Stream Water Quality Monitoring Network (PWQMN)
The PWQMN collects stream water quality information from representative watersheds across
Ontario so that we can better understand the influence of land uses (e.g. agriculture, mining, road
salting, urban development) on water resources. Most of the monitoring stations are located in the
developed regions of Ontario where water quality issues are anticipated and scientific information
is needed to support the management of the resource (Figure 3).
The PWQMN has continually evolved since the program began in 1964. Over 2,000 stations have
been sampled over the last four decades, with stations added, discontinued or relocated over the
years in response to shifting information needs. Some key stations have been maintained for 30 or
more years to track long‐term changes in water quality. Other stations have been periodically
revisited to update the water quality database and determine if changes have occurred. Although
the PWQMN was started before we knew that we would have to deal with climate change, the
program provides a long‐term baseline for measuring climate change effects on water resources.
Samples are collected from over 400 monitoring Figure
6
Stream water samples are
stations, typically eight times per year in the ice‐ collected by the Conservation
Authorities and the Ministry
free season. The sampling events capture both
high and low stream flow conditions. Stream
water samples are collected by the ministry and
its partners – Ontario’s Conservation Authorities
(Figure 6). Samples are brought to the ministry’s
laboratory for testing. Consistent collection
methods and laboratory analysis ensure
comparable test results for locations across the
province.
Samples from each monitoring location are
tested for a consistent set of water quality
indicators including: chloride, nutrients
(phosphorus and nitrogen) and suspended
solids. Maps of total phosphorus and nitrate
concentrations are presented in Figures 7 and 8
to illustrate these results. At selected locations, additional samples are collected and tested for other
indicators, like metals and bacteria. Measurements of qualities like temperature, dissolved oxygen
and pH are also taken in the field (during sample collection) using portable water quality meters.
PWQMN stations are generally located at the outlets of representative watersheds that contain a
variety of land uses. This provides information on ambient (overall) water quality conditions as
influenced by all upstream land uses, but it can be challenging to isolate the influence of a specific
land use. Recently, special studies (as described in subsequent sections of this report) relating to
agricultural and urban watersheds have been implemented to complement and enhance the
ambient information that is collected in the PWQMN. These include: a nutrient monitoring program
focused on stream water in 15 agricultural‐based watersheds in southwestern Ontario, a pathogen
monitoring program focused in the Grand River Watershed and an urban contaminant monitoring
project focused in the Greater Toronto Area.
12
Figure
7 Total Phosphorus Concentrations
In Southern Ontario streams as measured in the PWQMN
13
Figure
8 Nitrate ion concentrations
In Southern Ontario streams as measured in the PWQMN
14
2c) UpGrades / Enhancements to the PWQMN and PGMN Programs
In 2009 additions or up‐grades were made to the PWQMN and PGMN programs.
A special project pertaining to Urban Pesticides was undertaken as part of the PWQMN program,
and the conversion of the old analog‐based telemetry system to the digital system was initiated for
the PGMN.
( 3 )
THEME 1
Partnerships
¾ Conservation Authorities, 10 Participating Municipalities, and Conservation
Ontario
Both the core PGMN and PWQMN Programs are implemented in partnership with the 36
Conservation Authorities. Ten municipalities also participate in the delivery of the PGMN program.
This arrangement maximizes efficiency and is a
true partnership whereby each party contributes
toward the overall delivery of the core programs.
The arrangement is formalized under a Letter of
Agreement for the groundwater program; where
roles and responsibilities are explicitly identified.
The arrangement is less formalized in the stream
water program and is built on an understanding of
the value of the data for both the ministry and
Conservation Authorities over many years.
¾ Ministry of the Environment –
Standards Development Branch,
Ministry of Natural Resources,
Ministry of Northern Development,
Mines and Forests, Academia
In addition to the partnerships that allow for the
delivery of the two core programs, there are
special projects that involve additional partners.
15
In 2009/10, special projects and project partners were undertaken and are listed below:
¾ Cosmetic Pesticide monitoring in stream water in 10 urban watersheds; which was carried
out in partnership with the participating Conservation Authorities and the Ministry of the
Environment’s Standard Development Branch
¾ Stable oxygen and hydrogen isotope determinations for groundwater from select PGMN
wells; which is being carried out in partnership with the Conservation Authorities, the
Ministry of Northern Development, Mines and Forests, and the University of Waterloo.
¾ Rain gauges provided by the Ministry of Natural Resources have been installed at select
PGMN well sites and are collecting precipitation data. This information will support the
Ontario Low Water Response Program (OLWRP) and will assist in climate change detection
and adaptation initiatives.
16
THEME 2
( 4 ) Water Monitoring Health Sector Links
“
Both the PGMN and PWQMN Programs have linkages with the
Health Sector - the PGMN through the implementation of the PGMN Exceedance
Protocol and the PWQMN through the Pathogen Monitoring Project and participation
in the C-EnterNet Program which is led by the Public Health Agency of Canada.
4a) PGMN Exceedance Protocol
When a PGMN well reports a chemical analysis where a health–related Ontario Drinking Water
Quality Standard (as listed in Regulation 169 of the Safe Drinking Water Act) is exceeded, a protocol
is implemented. This protocol is described in Schedule “E” of the Letter of Agreement that is made
between the Ministry of the Environment and the Conservation Authority and Municipal Program
Partners.
The Protocol consists of three components: 1) release of a Notice to the Local Health Unit and the
Conservation Authority, 2) preparation and release of a Preliminary Hydrogeological Report to the
same parties, as well as, any other pertinent
parties, and 3) the establishment of a Meeting
with pertinent parties to discuss the Report
findings and any next steps.
As of November 2010, 52 of the approximately
360 PGMN wells that are routinely sampled for
water quality monitoring have reported a health‐
related parameter with a confirmed concentration
in exceedance of the Ontario Drinking Water
Quality Standard (ODWQS). The parameters
exceeding the ODWQS in PGMN wells are as
follows:
¾ Fluoride in 35 PGMN wells
¾ Nitrate in 9 PGMN wells
¾ Uranium in 3 PGMN wells
¾ Barium in 2 PGMN wells
¾ Arsenic in 1 PGMN well
¾ Boron in 1 PGMN well
¾ Benzene in 1 PGMN well
17
The majority of these parameters (excepting nitrate and benzene) are believed to be naturally
occurring and their sources are linked to the geological setting and natural groundwater geo‐
chemical conditions.
For those PGMN wells reporting confirmed exceedances of the standards, the exceedance
concentration ranges are presented below in Table 1.
Table
1 Parameters Reported to be above the Ontario Drinking
Water Quality Standard and their Concentration Ranges
Ontario Drinking Water
Parameter Exceedance Concentration Ranges
Quality Standard
Fluoride 1.5 mg/L 1.51 mg/l to 3.48 mg/L
Nitrate 10 mg/L 10.2 mg/l to 33.4 mg/L
Uranium 20 μg/L 21.2 μg/l to 38.2 mg/L
Barium 1000 μg/L 1160 μg/l to 2220 μg/L
Arsenic 25 μg/L 22.0 μg/l to 29.6 μg/L
Boron 5000 μg/L 5060 μg/l to 10100 μg/L
Benzene 5 μg/L 5.2 μg/l to 9.7 μg/L
In addition to the above parameters, 146 PGMN wells reported a confirmed sodium concentration
above the water quality trigger level of 20 mg/l, while 21 PGMN wells reported a confirmed sodium
concentration above the Water Quality Aesthetic Objective of 200 mg/l.
Sources of sodium in groundwater can be naturally–occurring in response to the dissolution of
minerals from the geological formation or anthropogenic in response to land use activities such as
road salting.
No PGMN wells have reported a concentration of a herbicide / pesticide above an ODWQS.
Between 2005 and March 2011, the ministry has prepared and released Hydrogeological Reports
for 50 PGMN wells, five of which were released in the 2009/10 fiscal year.
The Reports contain information on the behaviour of the parameter in the groundwater
environment, the likely source of the parameter (i.e. naturally occurring or man‐made), the aquifer
being monitored and the groundwater conditions, the number of water wells within a 3 km radius
of the monitoring well, and treatment options.
The information can be used by the Local Health Unit when providing advice to the public on testing
and treating their private water wells.
Figures 9, 10 and 11 show the distribution of fluoride, uranium and nitrate concentrations in
PGMN wells in Ontario.
18
9
Figure Average Fluoride Concentrations
In Provincial Groundwater Monitoring Network Wells
19
Figure
10 Maximum Uranium Concentrations
In Provincial Groundwater Monitoring Network Wells
20 20
Figure
11 Maximum Nitrate Concentrations
In Provincial Groundwater Monitoring Network Wells
21
21
4b) Microbial Monitoring in Streams
Microbial monitoring can include looking for indicator bacteria (e.g. generic E. coli) and pathogens
(e.g. Cryptosporidium, pathogenic E. coli O157:H7). Currently, there is limited information on the
microbial quality of streams and sources of microbial contamination. Generally in streams we are
concerned about microbes that come from fecal sources. Both point and non‐point sources are
important.
A study was initiated in 2005 by the GW‐SW Unit to investigate the occurrence protozoan pathogens
(Cryptosporidium and Giardia) in streams impacted by various land uses. An objective was to
understand the relationship between the occurrence of these pathogens and wet weather events.
Another objective was to apply advanced molecular techniques to help understand the sources of
Cryptosporidium, as well as their human health risk.
13
Laboratory staff at the MOE examining E. coli growing
In 2009/10 sampling of Figure on agar plates. Counting the number of E. coli
the Nith River, colonies on these plates helps to determine
Schneider’s Creek and the levels of E. coli in stream water samples
Canagagigue Creek was
completed (refer to the
map of microbiology
monitoring sites in Figure
12). Samples were
analyzed for general
chemistry and indicator
bacteria in the ministry’s
laboratory. The samples
were also analyzed for
Cryptosporidium and
Giardia at a private
laboratory offering high
resolution detection and
genotyping for these
pathogens. Results to date
suggest that molecular
analysis through
genotyping might be a
valuable tool in
understanding
predominant sources of pathogens within certain watersheds.
Next steps include the scientific analyses of the data collected under this program, as well as
supporting information provided under the C‐Enternet Surveillance program and the preparation of
a report.
22
Figure
12 Stream Water Microbiology Monitoring Sites
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23
4c) Partnership in CEnterNet (Canadian Enteric Disease)
Surveillance Program
Since 2008, the GW‐SW Unit has participated in the Public Health Agency of Canada‐led C‐EnterNet
program. C‐EnterNet is a Canadian disease surveillance program that began in 2005 and is funded
by Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada and the Public Health Agency of Canada. The aim of this
program is to have a better understanding of where people may be exposed to pathogens, including
sources such as food, animals
and water. The GW‐SW Unit
is involved with the water
surveillance component of
the program.
In 2009/10, the GW‐SW Unit
collected stream water in the
Grand River watershed at
five locations, including
downstream of a wastewater
effluent discharge,
agricultural areas and at a
drinking water intake.
Samples are taken twice a
month throughout the year
to represent a range of
seasonal conditions. These
water samples are analyzed
for several bacterial
pathogens (Campylobacter, Salmonella, pathogenic E. coli), protozoa (Cryptosporidium and Giardia),
fecal indicator bacteria (E. coli) and a range of general chemistry parameters (e.g., nutrients).
Results are shared with the program participants and reported publicly in an annual report
published by the Public Health Agency of Canada.
The information collected under this partnership will help to create a better understanding of how
water quality and human health are linked. The results obtained in 2009/10 will complement other
monitoring work carried out by Unit staff in examining the levels and types of pathogens present in
Ontario streams.
24
( 5 ) THEME 3
Water Monitoring – Climate Change Links
5a) Assessment of the PGMN and PWQMN Programs to assist in the
detection of climate change signals on the water resources and
to assist in adaptation: a CanadaOntario Funded 3year Project
In 2008 funding was made available to the GW‐SW Unit under the Canada – Ontario Agreement
(COA). A $225,000 Transfer Payment Agreement was established between the ministry and
Conservation Ontario to assess the two provincial water monitoring programs for their ability to:
i) detect climate change signals and
ii) assist in adaptation to climate change.
The 3‐year project consisted of:
¾ Forming a Project Steering Committee ( Co‐Chaired by MOE and
Conservation Ontario)
¾ Seeking advice from various experts in the field of climate change
¾ Forming a Project Technical Working Group consisting of the Ministry of
the Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs,
Conservation Ontario, and Ministry of Natural Resources
¾ Developing a methodology to identify watersheds that are sensitive to
climate change impacts
¾ Applying that methodology to Southern Ontario to produce a map
identifying sensitive watersheds (Figure 14)
¾ Facilitating and coordinating 11 Conservation Authorities in a more
detailed assessment of the identified high priority sensitive watersheds
(Figure 15)
¾ Developing conclusions and recommendations for potential monitoring
network enhancements
¾ Two interim reports produced by the Technical Working Team (TWT) and
submitted to the COA office (FY2009/10) are posted on the Conservation
Ontario web‐site
¾ 10 Detailed Local Level Assessment Reports (prepared by Conservation
Authorities) are also posted on the Conservation Ontario website
25
Figure
14 Map of Sensitive Watersheds
[COAFunded Water Monitoring Assessment /Climate Change project ]
Low Sensitivity
Medium
Sensitivity
High Sensitivity
26
Figure
15 Map of Sensitive SubWatersheds in the Long Point Watershed
[COAFunded Water Monitoring Assessment /Climate Change project]
Low
Medium
High
27
Additional products produced by the Technical Working Team include:
¾ The Final Report on findings which was submitted to the COA office in Summer 2010, and
was posted on the Conservation Ontario web‐site in Fall 2010
¾ Report: “A Guide for the Assessment and Design of Surface Water and Groundwater
Monitoring Networks For Climate Change Monitoring in Ontario” which was posted on the
Conservation Ontario web‐site in January 2011 and can be found at the following link:
http://www.conservationontario.on.ca/watershed_management/
ResourcesforAdaptingOntariosWatershedstoClimateChange.htm
The next steps under this project include:
¾ Securing additional funding under COA for fiscal year 2010/2011 (TP Agreement ‐ $225K)
¾ Selecting up to 5 sites in high priority areas within the Great Lakes Basin for establishing
integrated climate‐ groundwater‐stream water monitoring stations to support detection and
adaptation
¾ Designing these integrated monitoring stations
¾ Developing the partnerships to support the station maintenance
¾ Establishing the stations
In addition, other funding opportunities will be explored for establishing an additional 5 integrated
climate–groundwater–stream water monitoring stations in select locations in northern Ontario.
Existing Reference Hydrometric Basin Network climate stations (RHBNs) will be considered in this
exercise.
5b) Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME)
The CCME is the major intergovernmental forum in Canada for discussion and joint action on
environmental issues of national and international concern.
In February 2009, Ontario Minister Gerretsen assumed the presidency of the CCME for one year.
The CCME Water Agenda Development Committee (WADC) was established to manage
intergovernmental approaches to water issues in Canada.
In 2007 WADC received direction to proceed with three top priorities:
1. Water monitoring and climate change
2. Valuation (costing) of our waterbased natural capital
3. Insufficient understanding of groundwater resources and management
Under the WADC, the Water Monitoring and Climate Change (WMCC) sub‐group was formed. The
mandate of the sub‐group is to carry out special studies to support the development of guidance
materials on how water monitoring networks can be used in climate change adaptation planning.
28
Staff within the GW‐SW Unit provided support in the
preparation and presentation of two background literature
review documents, the preparation of Requests For Proposals
(RFPs) for the development of two Reports, the review of the
Reports, and the development of a Position Paper: titled “Water
Monitoring and Climate Change Adaptation – July, 2010”,
Interim products produced by the sub‐committee under this
mandate included:
¾ Report by consultant “Climate Change Adaptation –
Water Monitoring Data Requirements and Indicators ‐
February 17, 2009”
¾ Report by consultant “Prioritization of Water Monitoring
Networks for Climate Change Adaptation ‐ March 24,
2010”
¾ Report by consultant “Methods for Evaluating Water Monitoring Networks for Climate
Change Adaptation – March 24, 2010”
Additional Products produced by the sub‐committee include:
¾ Report: “Guidance Document for the Evaluation of Water Monitoring Networks For Climate
Change Adaptation” – to be posted on the CCME Web‐site – March 2011.
This document is intended to provide guidance to Canada’s provinces and territories as they
evaluate their water monitoring networks for climate change adaptation. The methods described by
the Guidance Document are intended to help decision‐makers identify current and future
investment needs for water monitoring while maximizing limited resources. In this way, the
Guidance Document helps to lay the foundation for adaptation planning in preparation for and in
response to climate change.
5c) PGMN Groundwater Level and Precipitation data
¾ Groundwater level data is being monitored at all of the 470 PGMN sites.
¾ More than 80 rain gauges that have been distributed to select PGMN monitoring sites
are monitoring precipitation.
¾ Work is currently underway to post on the Ministry of the Environment’s intra and
internet websites both the precipitation and groundwater level data.
¾ The groundwater level data is currently being prepared by a consultant and any suspect
data identified or corrected. The target date for posting both datasets is Spring 2011.
This information will be useful for understanding the relationship between precipitation and
groundwater levels and provide information for hydrologic modeling. Figure 16 shows
groundwater level and area precipitation data at PGMN well site 220 in the Exeter Area.
29
5d) Low Water Response Program
The Ministry of Natural Resources leads the delivery of the Ontario Low Water Response Program
(OLWRP). This program is delivered through partnership arrangements made between the Ministry
of Natural Resources and the Conservation Authorities.
While indicators for various stages of drought had been developed for surface waters and used in
the delivery of the LWRP, indicators for groundwater had not been established.
In February 2008 the GW‐SW Unit was
approached to provide scientific/technical
support to review a methodology for establishing
groundwater indicators prepared by a
consultant. The methodology was reviewed by
the Unit and a literature search was carried out
regarding approaches used in other jurisdictions.
In March 2008, the GW‐SW Unit, proposed the
use of a methodology similar to that used in New
York State. This method is based on establishing
indicators that are linked to various percentiles
of the full range of groundwater levels in a given
monitoring well (Figure 17).
In February 2009 the two methods (Consultant
and Percentile) were tested by 5 Conservation
Authorities on PGMN wells.
In 2009/10, the GW‐SW Unit continued to work
with MNR regarding developing this component
of the OLWRP.
Next steps involve the selection of a methodology
for a low water response groundwater indicator
and review of a guidance document for selection
of PGMN wells for the OLWRP. The GW‐SW Unit
will continue on the groundwater indicator
steering committee and to present at the OLWRP
training session held every June.
30
Figure
16 Groundwater Level and Area Precipitation Data
PGMN well site 220 in the Exeter Area
31
Figure
17 Percentile Method for Establishing Groundwater Level Indicators
Low Water Response Program
218.6
Below Norm al: Norm al to Above Norm al: Above Norm al:
218.5 30 day average in 50th
to Trigger 3
30 day average in 75th to 50th
percentile range
30 day average above
75 th percentile
218.4
Gap
Groundwater Elevation (m asl)
2001/10/25
2002/01/25
2002/04/25
2002/07/25
2002/10/25
2003/01/25
2003/04/25
2003/07/25
2003/10/25
2004/01/25
2004/04/25
2004/07/25
2004/10/25
2005/01/25
2005/04/25
2005/07/25
2005/10/25
2006/01/25
2006/04/25
2006/07/25
2006/10/25
2007/01/25
2007/04/25
75th Percentile Date Median or 50th Percentile
25th Percentile Trigger 1 10th Percentile Trigger 2
5th Percentile Trigger 3 Minimum
30 day average of measured levels Linear (30 day average of measured levels)
32 32
( 6 ) TWHaEteMrE M 4o nitoring – Agricultural Links
6a) Nutrient Monitoring Figure 18 Flow is measured in one of the
Nutrient Monitoring streams
In 2004, a special component of the
PWQMN program was developed to
examine the impact of farming practices on
the water quality of agriculturally‐
dominated streams in Ontario. Fifteen such
watersheds in Southwestern Ontario are
being examined for this project. The water
quality of these streams is sampled 15‐20
times per year, focusing on spring melt and
storm events, during which a large
proportion of agriculturally derived runoff
is delivered to these streams. The samples
are analyzed for substances typically
elevated in agricultural streams (e.g.
nitrogen, phosphorus, turbidity, E. coli) as
well as other basic measures of stream water quality (e.g. pH, dissolved oxygen). Additionally,
measurements are being taken at these streams (stream depth and wading discharge) to determine
the total amount of substances (known as stream load) delivered by these streams to their receiving
waters (Figure 18).
At one of the study streams (Nissouri Creek), more
Figure A turbidity sensor is connected to a detailed measurements and analyses are being
sampler. Water samples are collected
19 automatically when turbidity levels
levels exceed certain thresholds.
conducted. An automated sampler has been deployed
at this station to collect samples throughout a storm
event (Figure 19). The intensive sampling at this site
will allow for the development of a model relating
agricultural practices in the watershed to stream water
quality. In addition, it will allow predictive scenarios to
be developed to anticipate the effect of altering
agricultural practices on stream water quality.
Currently, data collected thus far under this program
are being analyzed (see example in Figure 20) and a
modeling effort to relate agricultural land use to stream
water quality is being conducted. A preliminary report
of these findings is being prepared.
33
Figure
20 Nitrate (NO3) Concentrations in the Nutrient Monitoring Streams
th
95 percentile
th
90 percentile
th
75 percentile
nitrate concentration (mg L )
15
-1
median
mean
th
25 percentile
th
10 percentile
th
10 5 percentile
CCME
St le
et i
Au ver
nd
T h on
M es
G nd
Sa s
n
m
t
M ox
Th ns
th
N ton
lk t
N our
Fa ra
ou
ee
b
le
ly
am
am
S. iffi
C
la
tla
Av
k
sa
l
ir
Tr
ttl Si
us
s
ai
is
in
e
Li
The dashed red line represents the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment water quality guideline for the protection of aquatic life of 2.9 mg N L1.
34
6b) Pesticides
¾ Preliminary Report on Pesticides in Stream Water
Pesticides are chemical compounds used to control weeds, insects and other pests. Once they are
released to the environment, pesticides can move through the hydrologic system to surface waters
where they have the potential to affect aquatic life.
Stream water pesticide concentrations have been monitored periodically since 1974 at selected
sites in the PWQMN. Historically, this monitoring focused on the estimation of the amounts of
pesticides (loadings) that were delivered by a few major rivers to the Great Lakes. More recently,
the focus of the monitoring is shifting to assess the potential impacts of pesticides on aquatic life in
watersheds with varying agricultural
and mixed (urban/agricultural) land
uses.
From 1974 to 1997, stream water
samples were analyzed for a suite of
pesticides in the ministry’s laboratory.
Since 1997, samples have been sent to
the University of Guelph laboratory for
analysis under a partnership with
OMAFRA. In 2009‐10, pesticides were
monitored at over 20 sites in
partnership with OMAFRA and
Ontario’s Conservation Authorities.
In 2009, the GW‐SW Unit initiated a
project to organize and assure quality
of the stream water pesticides data as well as explore spatial trends using a Geographic Information
System. An overview background report was prepared and circulated to OMAFRA and the ministry’s
Standards Development Branch for comment. The comments have been reviewed and revisions to
the report are underway. The purpose of the background report was to organize the data and
explore broader trends to set the stage for more detailed analysis, such as the research project with
the University of Guelph described below.
¾ University of Guelph Research Grant
In March 2009, the ministry provided funding to the University of Guelph to undertake a
comprehensive scientific analysis of the stream water pesticide data that have been collected under
the PWQMN program. The GW‐SW Unit is managing this project. The main objectives of the project
are to assess the spatial and temporal variation in pesticide concentrations in streams in Ontario
and, where possible, to identify the factors (such as regional pesticide use patterns or government
regulatory decisions) that are influencing stream water pesticide concentrations. Pesticides experts
from OMAFRA are collaborating on the study. The study was ongoing in 2009‐10 and a final report
is anticipated by the end of 2011.
35
35
6c) Additional Research Collaborations
¾ Development of a DecisionMaking Framework for Prioritization of
Watersheds
The GW‐SW Unit is providing technical input on an OMAFRA‐led project to develop a decision‐
making framework and priority‐setting methodology to efficiently allocate agri‐environmental
program resources in the Great Lakes Basin within Ontario. Different approaches to identify
priorities for agri‐environmental program
resource allocation throughout the world are
being reviewed and evaluated for their
applicability in Ontario. Nutrients (nitrogen
and phosphorus) data from the PWQMN are
being evaluated to develop biophysical
indicators to prioritize quaternary watersheds
at a provincial scale (Figure 21).
¾ Agricultural Land Management
and Water Quality Data
Evaluation in Representative
Agricultural Watersheds (Grand
River and Thames River)
The GW‐SW Unit participated in a study which
was funded by the OMAFRA and conducted by
a consulting company and researchers from
University of Guelph. The main objective of the
study was to assess the influence of historical
changes in land management practices on
water quality. Two representative agricultural
watersheds were selected, one in the Grand
River basin and the other in the Thames River
basin. Historical data from 1970’s PLUARG
(Pollution from Land Use Activities Reference Group) and current data were used to monitor
changes in land management practices and corresponding impact on stream water quality. Data
collected under the PWQMN and related stream water quality monitoring projects were used in the
study. Additional water quality data were collected by the consultants. Results of the study
indicated significant changes in land use, management practices, and water quality over time. The
study concluded that current loadings of soluble nutrients are higher compared to the PLUARG
study period.
36
36
21
Figure Nitrogen Indicator Map
Based on PWQMN data used in OMAFRA prioritization framework pilot study [DRAFT]
[Normalized Ranking]
- Low
- Medium
- High
37
( 7 ) THEME 5
Urban Stream Water Quality Monitoring
7a) Urban Stream Water Pesticides Study
In April 2009, the Cosmetic Pesticides Ban Act took effect. The Act prohibits the use and sale of
pesticides for cosmetic purposes in Ontario. Cosmetic uses include the maintenance of urban lawns,
vegetable and ornamental gardens, patios and driveways. Based on studies from other jurisdictions,
it was anticipated that the ban would result in lower concentrations of banned pesticides in urban
Ontario streams.
In 2008 and 2009, the Unit, along
with five Conservation Authorities,
Figure 22 Water samples collected from an urban
stream were prepared for delivery
to the laboratory for pesticides analysis
monitored pesticide
concentrations in ten urban
Ontario streams (Figures 22 and
23), using the Unit’s existing
partnerships under the PWQMN.
An objective of the study was to
see if concentrations of banned
pesticides in stream water changed
in response to the ban. 168 stream
water samples were collected over
the summers of 2008 and 2009,
representing the periods before
and after the implementation of
the ban, and chemically analyzed at
an independent laboratory for up
to 105 pesticides and their break‐
down products.
A ministry report (Changes in
Urban Stream Water Pesticide Concentrations One Year after a Cosmetic Pesticides Ban) was
released in November 2010. Report results show a significant decrease in concentrations of three
common lawn care pesticides (2,4‐D, dicamba and MCPP) within a year of the ban taking effect. The
report also shows that pesticides are routinely detected in urban streams, generally at
concentrations below water quality guidelines for protecting aquatic life. Sampling of urban streams
was continued in the summer of 2010 to monitor further changes, if any, in pesticide
concentrations.
The GW‐SW Unit have presented by invitation at numerous meetings, workshops and conferences
to share results from the study with stakeholders in pesticides management.
38
38
23
Figure Urban Stream Locations
10 urban streams where pesticides were monitored in 2008 and 2009
38
39
39
7b) Toronto Tributary Toxics Figure Toronto Tributary Toxics
Monitoring Program
24 Monitoring Program
Collecting samples from GTA urban streams
In 2003, the ministry initiated the Toronto
Tributary Toxics Monitoring Program (TTTMP),
initially to inform the Toronto and Region
Remedial Action Plan and subsequently in support
of source protection planning and other water
management initiatives. The TTTMP involves wet
and dry weather sampling in six Lake Ontario
tributaries to identify and quantify toxic
contaminants being transported during storm
events and baseflow.
The TTTMP enhances the PWQMN in two ways.
First, it uses high‐tech sampling strategies (auto‐
sampling equipment) to collect samples across a
range of stream flow conditions (Figures 24 and
25). Second, samples are analyzed for a broader
suite of contaminants, including chemicals used in
consumer and building products (e.g. flame
retardants), to better understand the influence of
human activities on urban stream water quality.
Figure Toronto Tributary Toxics
25 Monitoring Program
Collecting samples from GTA urban streams In 2009‐10, ten sites were monitored in six
watersheds (Figure 26) with varying land uses (1
forested, 6 urban, 3 agricultural). 12‐15 water samples
were collected throughout year during base flow and
storm events using auto‐samplers. The samples were
analyzed in the MOE laboratory for a suite of
conventional pollutants and trace organics including
organochlorine (OC) pesticides, polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs) and polynuclear aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAHs).
In 2009, a report was drafted summarizing the data
collected from 2003 to 2005. This report is currently
under peer review. Preliminary results show that the
greatest differences in contaminant concentrations
between wet and dry events occur in the more
urbanized watersheds.
40
40
Figure
26 Toronto Tributary Toxics Program
Monitoring Site Locations [10 sites]
41
THEME 6
( 8 ) Road Salt
8a) Stream Water Monitoring
Road salt (mostly sodium chloride) is used to de‐ice roads, parking lots, driveways and sidewalks in
winter to protect the safety of drivers and pedestrians. Road salt enters the environment through
applications on roads, and also from waste snow disposal sites and salt storage facilities. Once
released, road salts migrate into surface and groundwater, where toxic effects on aquatic life are
possible.
The GW‐SW Unit routinely monitors sodium and chloride
concentrations in streams as part of the PWQMN. Many
monitoring stations have been monitored for decades to track
long‐term changes in stream water quality. Monitoring results
show that the chloride levels in streams in developed areas of
Ontario have risen considerably over the last three decades
(Figure 27). Monitoring results also show that current chloride
concentrations in some streams exceed levels at which toxic
effects on aquatic life are anticipated (Figure 28).
Currently, more than 200 road authorities in Ontario are
participating in the Environment Canada’s Code of Practice for
the Environmental Management of Road Salts. The Code
recommends that users of road salt develop Salt Management
Plans to achieve reductions in salt use and minimize
environmental impacts. It also encourages Best Management
Practices in the areas of road salt application, salt storage and
snow disposal. Ongoing chloride monitoring in Ontario’s streams
(over the coming decades) will provide information for tracking
the effectiveness of best salt management practices in mitigating
the environmental impacts of road salts.
The GW‐SW Unit is also active, on behalf of the ministry, in facilitating research to inform road salt
management. In 2008 the ministry funded a two‐year environmental monitoring study in the
Regional Municipality of Waterloo to assess the efficacy of best salt management practices. Another
complementary research study was funded to monitor water quality in a Toronto area stream and
assess the salt management practices of the City of Toronto. In May 2009, the ministry co‐sponsored
and co‐organized the first International Conference on Urban Drainage and Road Salt Management
in Cold Climates, which was held at the University of Waterloo.
The GW‐SW Unit is also active on an inter‐ministerial working group with the Ministry of
Transportation to plan knowledge transfer to road authorities in Ontario. Part of this plan includes
the use of stream water quality monitoring results to identify areas most affected by road salting
and to demonstrate changes in the environment related to road salt management practices.
42
27
Figure Trends in Steam Water Chloride Concentrations
(19752009) based on Seasonal Mann Kendall test for trend
43
Figure
28 Median Stream Water Chloride Concentrations
2005 2009
44
( 9 ) THEME 7
Data Sharing
9a) Stream Water Data
Since 2006, the GW‐SW Unit has been working with the ministry’s Geomatics Service Centre to
develop an external GIS Portal for Conservation Authorities and an internal GIS Portal for ministry
staff. Various statistical and mapping tools have been developed to assist users of these portals in
mapping and interpreting stream water quality data from the PWQMN
In April 2009, the GW‐SW Unit posted PWQMN data for the period 2003‐2007 on the data
downloads page of the ministry’s public website. To support analysis and interpretation of the data,
information on monitoring station locations and laboratory methods were also posted. Additional
water quality data for 2002, 2008 and 2009 were subsequently posted. The ministry continues to
post additional current and past water quality data for use by both internal and external parties.
9b) Groundwater Level and Chemistry Data and Precipitation Data
In 2009 groundwater chemistry data that was generated at the Ministry of the Environment
laboratory (for the period 2002‐2008) was being prepared for posting on the websites. Posting on
the EMRB Geo‐Portal took place in February 2010.
All of the Conservation Authorities and Local Health
Units, as well as, ministry offices have access to the Geo‐
Portal.
In 2009/10, work also began on preparing PGMN water
chemistry data (2003‐2008) that was generated in
private laboratories, for posting on the EMRB Geo‐
Portal. Posting of this data on the Geo‐Portal took place
in March 2011.
In December 2008 funding was transferred from the
ministry to Conservation Ontario for the purpose of
reviewing and correcting any gaps or errors that may
be present in the PGMN (2002‐2008) groundwater level
data. It is anticipated that the final product on this work
will be available in late Spring 2011 for posting on the
Geo‐portal.
Efforts are also underway to have precipitation data
from the PGMN rain gauges ready for posting on the
Geo‐Portal by late Spring 2011.
45
THEME 8
(10) Innovation and Research
10a) Stable Oxygen and Hydrogen Isotopes in Groundwater
In 2008, a research project pertaining to the determination of stable oxygen and hydrogen isotopes
in groundwater was launched by the Ministry of Northern Development and Mines, Toronto and
Region Conservation Authority, University of Waterloo and Ministry of the Environment (GW‐SW
Unit).
Since the launch of the project, groundwater samples have been collected from more than 200
PGMN wells, as well as, other wells of interest, and chemically analyzed for the isotopes 18O, 2H, and
3H.
“
This information will be useful for
understanding sensitivity of
The isotope information will
groundwater resources to changing provide insight on hydraulic
weather patterns associated with connections between aquifers and the
climate change, source water age of groundwater.
protection planning, water budget
development, and water allocation.
10b) Continuous Groundwater Chemistry Monitoring in High
Infiltration Areas
Figure In‐situ Groundwater
In 2008‐2009 two in‐situ continuous groundwater chemistry
29
Quality Monitoring Station
in the Exeter Area monitoring probes were established in high infiltration areas to
monitor changes in groundwater chemistry (i.e. temperature,
nitrate, chloride, pH, electrical conductivity and dissolved
oxygen) with changes in precipitation and groundwater levels.
These stations were established in the Exeter area (Figure 29)
and in the Smith’s Falls area using funds provided from the
Provincial Innovation Fund. The information collected from these
stations will provide insight on how groundwater chemistry and
water levels change with precipitation in high infiltration zones
within these areas.
46
(11)
THEME 9
Outreach
“
In 2009/10, the Unit led or participated in a number of
outreach events. These events took the form of workshops,
a field tour, presentations, and committee participation.
11a) Workshops/Presentations
On May 25‐29/09 Unit staff participated in the organization and delivery of the 1st International
Conference on Urban Drainage and Road Salt Management in Cold Climates which was held at the
University of Waterloo. The conference attracted more than 100 delegates from five countries to
discuss current knowledge on the environmental impacts of road salts with an emphasis on urban
drainage design and best management practices in cold climates. The GW‐SW Unit also presented a
paper on chloride trends in Ontario streams based on information collected in the PWQMN.
On February 2‐4/10, the Unit led in the organization and participated in the delivery of a 3‐day
Workshop for the Conservation Authorities on the PGMN, PWQMN, and OBBN (Ontario Benthic and
Bio‐Monitoring Network) programs.
In January 2009, the Unit participated in a
Workshop pertaining to the Assessment of
Monitoring Networks for Climate Change.
11b) Field Tours
On June 17, 2009, the Unit led a 1‐Day Field
Tour for the Conservation Authorities,
Local Health Units, and Ministry of the
Environment management and staff in
southwestern Ontario.
The Tour was designed to visit seven PGMN
or PWQMN water monitoring sites,
highlight various issues of interest and encourage discussion among the parties. Topics discussed
included: naturally occurring fluoride and arsenic in groundwater, climate change, uranium in
groundwater, and nitrate in stream water and groundwater.
A tour guide was prepared by the Unit and provided to the approximate 22 participants.
47
11c) Presentations
In 2009/10 the Unit has been actively sharing information and scientific findings at a number of
forums. Table 2 provides a listing of presentations provided by the Unit during the 09/10 fiscal
year.
2
Table Presentations, Workshops and other Outreach Activities
Carried out by the Unit – 2009/10
Date Forum Presentation Title Comments
48
The Unit was invited to present its
MOE Environmental activities on climate change adaptation.
Oct. 28/09 Monitoring and The major focus of the presentation was
Ontario Waste Water
Reporting Branch the use of a sensitivity assessment
Association Seminar
Climate Change technique for southern Ontario to identify
Initiatives areas requiring monitoring for climate
change adaptation.
Surface water
New Directions ’09,
Nov 30 to Dec 02, implications of road salt
SWM Conference at
2009. application: case study
Vaughan, Ontario,
from the city of Toronto
MOE Environmental
MOE Drinking Water Monitoring and The Unit, along with the Air Modelling and
Management Division Reporting Branch Emissions Unit, was invited to present
Dec.11/09
- Source Protection Climate Change activities related to climate change to the
Branch Meeting Initiatives Source Protection Unit.
49
Stressors, Habitat,
Water quality in Preliminary findings of the Nutrient
and Biology in
agricultural streams in Monitoring project, possible future
Feb.17/10. Agricultural Streams
Ontario research needs, and integration with
Workshop, Utopia,
related projects were discussed
Ontario
Thirsty Minds Youth
Roundtable -United
Climate change impact The Unit was invited to speak on the
Nations Association
Feb. 27/10 on Ontario water impact of climate change on the water
youth group seminar
resources resources of Ontario.
sponsored by MOE
Source Protection.
Presentation : Assessment of the PGMN and
PWQMN Programs for the CC detection and
October 2009 Groundwater and adaptation.
Theis Conference,
Boulder, Colorado
climate change Conference outcome: An international
Conference (NGWA) representative from Colorado joined the COA-
funded Climate Change Project Advisory
Panel
50
Participation on Committees
Canadian
Nov. 3-4 /09 and
Environmental Unit staff provided PWQMN data and
throughout the
Sustainability technical guidance to Environment
year by
Indicators (CESI) Canada in support of the annual federal
teleconference
Water Quality CESI report.
and email
Indicator Workshop
Nov. 4-5 /09 and
throughout the CCME Water Quality Unit staff represented the MOE on this
year by Monitoring Sub- CCME group with a mandate to enhance
teleconference Group water quality monitoring across Canada.
and email
- Working with Standards Branch as a
steering committee member
- Participated in meetings regarding draft
Groundwater and the contents and project direction on April 21
April to May 2009
Great Lakes 2009.
- Participated in meetings regarding
scope of work with consultant May 15
2009.
Climate Change
Adaptation Subgroup
Unit staff participated and contributed to
for the Ontario Great
June - July 2009 a Working Subgroup on Climate Change
Lakes Action Plan for
Adaptation and the Great Lakes
Great Lakes Water
Quality Agreement
- Participated and contributed to steering
committee activities regarding
methodologies for establishing
groundwater indicators for drought
Provision of Scientific - Review of second phase of
Ontario Low Water Leadership to work on Conservation Authority reports on testing
Response developing groundwater groundwater indicator methods.
February 2010 Groundwater indicators for the - Provided assistance to MNR in the
Indicator Steering drought under the Low establishment of the RFP for the GW
Committee Water Response Indicators development; proposals review
Program and evaluations from March 2009 –
March 2010
- Participated in meeting of steering
committee on February 12 2010
regarding project scope
Ontario Hydrometric Participated in teleconferences on
Network Assessment finalization of decision matrix for selecting
Apr 3, 6/ 10
and Review Steering new sites for stream water flow
Committee monitoring stations
CCME Water Act as Project Authority Provision of Scientific leadership and
Monitoring and and provide report to support to Strategic Policy Branch.
All year WADC and EMRB
Climate Change Developed a Phase III RFP and oversaw
Subgroup Director the process
- Co-authored interim progress report
- Presented work at EMRB water
Member Technical COA Climate Change
Year 2009-10 monitoring conference
Work Team Review Project
- Provision of leadership and support to
Conservation Ontario and reporting to
51 50
COA coordinators
Source Water
Reviewed and provided comments on
Protection - Member Source Water
Year 2009-10 Risk Management Approach draft report
Risk Management Protection
Advisory Committee
Technical Expert – MOE and OMAFRA Participated in various meetings
Nutrient Management joint nutrient /discussion related to above project
Year 2009-10
Joint Research management research Reviewed and commented on the final
Program program project report
Other
Grant agreement with Assessment of
University of Guelph pesticide concentration As a MOE project Supervisor/Lead
Year 2009-10
related to analysis of in streams and rivers in overseeing the project progress
pesticide data Ontario
Agricultural land
Member of steering management and water
committee for quality data evaluation
Participated in meetings, technical
Year 2009-10 OMAFRA funded in representative
discussions, and reviewed reports
project agricultural watersheds
in the Grand River and
Thames River basins
Agricultural Priority Participated in various meetings and
Member of technical
Issues and Watershed reviewed project charter, and RFP,
Year 2009-10 work team of
for Great Lakes reviewed and commented on the Project
OMAFRA project
Programming. Phase-I Reports
- Participated in meetings and contributed
towards preparation of documents related
to Rural Non-point Source under the
Great Lakes Action Integrated Land, Lake, and Watershed
Technical Planning team, work led Actions group.
Year 2009-10 Member/Expert by the Great Lakes - Participated in meetings and contributed
Water Management towards preparation of documents related
Branch. to Science and Monitoring under the
Understanding Changes in the Aquatic
Ecosystem and Adapting to Climate
Change group.
- Member of Ph.D. advisory committee
for two students.
Reviewed and provided comments on a
School of Engineering,
Year 2009-10 Adjunct Professor draft copy of thesis for one Ph.D. student.
University of Guelph
- Participating in a number of projects
related to hydrology and watershed
modeling
Served as an
external examiner of Evaluated doctoral dissertation and
Year 2009-10
a Ph.D. candidate at provided comments.
McGill University.
A 3-tiered structure of committees in the
(1) - PGMN –
PGMN program allows for on-going
Directors Committee,
Participated or co-chaired communication of business issues at the
(2) - Technical
Year 2009-10 activities in all 3 Director’s Committee, development of
Committee and committees technical solutions at the Technical
(3) - 4 Working
Committee and sharing information and
Groups meetings
solutions at the Working Groups
52
(12) Acknowledgements
¾ The Groundwater and Stream Water Monitoring Unit wish to acknowledge the support provided by
the Ministry of the Environment management; as well as, the Conservation Authorities, participating
Municipalities and Conservation Ontario in the partnership delivery of the core PGMN and PWQMN
programs.
¾ In addition, the Unit wishes to acknowledge staff who have joined the Unit in 2010‐2011 and have
contributed to the on‐going Unit activities described in this Report. These include Mike Christie who
has been instrumental in the preparation of hydrogeological reports associated with the PGMN
Exceedance Protocol and the presentation design for this Report, Neal Bonnor who is currently
preparing PGMN precipitation data for posting on the Geo‐Portal, and Carline Rocks who efficiently
handled the logistical and data management aspects of the PWQMN.
¾ The Unit also recognizes the Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR) contribution of rain gauges for the
groundwater monitoring network; and the Ministry of Environment’s Standards Development
Branch, participating Conservation Authorities, and the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and
Rural Affairs (OMAFRA) in the delivery of the pesticide overview and cosmetic pesticide monitoring
projects.
¾ The Unit is grateful for the support provided by Dave Supper of the Ministry’s Great Lakes Monitoring
Unit and the various summer students, in the collection of stream water samples and the
maintenance of equipment for the Toronto Tributary Toxics monitoring program, Nutrient
monitoring program and the Pathogen monitoring program.
¾ Funding provided under the Canada–Ontario Agreement (COA) has allowed for the successful
assessment of the PGMN and PWQMN programs for detection of climate change signals and to assist
in adaptation; and for the establishment of up to 5 integrated climate‐groundwater‐stream water
monitoring stations in sensitive watersheds (work that is currently in progress) .
¾ Scientific and technical collaboration with MNR and OMAFRA has greatly contributed toward the
success of the various projects.
¾ Collaborations with the Ministry of Northern Development, Mines and Forests (MNDMF),
participating Conservation Authorities, and the University of Waterloo have allowed for stable
oxygen and hydrogen isotope data to be available for many of the PGMN monitoring wells.
¾ Arrangements with participating Conservation Authorities have ensured efficient delivery of the
Stream Water Nutrient monitoring program and collaborations with the Public Health Agency of
Canada are allowing for the collection of important pathogen information.
¾ Finally, the Unit wishes to acknowledge the work of the Ministry’s Laboratory Services Branch, where
the majority of the chemical analyses are performed for both programs; the Ministry’s Geomatics
Service Centre, where much of the data is made accessible along with standard tools for its
manipulation; and the Ministry’s Operations Division Technical Support Units for their review of
Hydrogeological Reports prior to release under the PGMN Exceedance Protocol.
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