Assignment 9 Exercise 14.

6 1

cx+dy
4. f (x, y) = x−y ; u = 54 î + 35 ĵ. Find Du f at P (3, 4).
6. f (x, y, z) = yexz + z 2 ; u = 27 î − 37 ĵ + 67 k̂. Find Du f at P (0, 2, 3).
8. f (x, y, z) = sin xyz; u = √1 î
3
− √1 ĵ
3
+ √1 k̂.
Find Du f at P ( 12 , 31 , π).
3
( )
13. Find the directional derivative of f (x, y) = tan−1 xy at P (−2, 2) in the direction of a = −î − ĵ.
17. Find the directional derivative of f (x, y, z) = z−x
z+y at P (1, 0, −3) in the direction of
a = −6î + 3ĵ − 2k̂.
19. Find the directional derivative of f (x, y, z) = ex+y+3z at P (−2, 2, −1) in the direction of
a = 20î − 4ĵ + 5k̂.
22. Find the directional derivative of f (x, y) = sinh x cosh y at P (0, 0) in the direction of a vector
making the counterclockwise angle θ = π with the positive x-axis.
34. z = e−3y cos 4x. Find ∇z.
√
35. w = ln x2 + y 2 + z 2 . Find ∇w.
39. Find the gradient of f (x, y, z) = y ln(x + y + z) at the point P (−3, 4, 0).
40. Find the gradient of f (x, y, z) = y 2 z tan3 x at the point P ( π4 , −3, 1).
53. Find a unit vector in the direction in which f (x, y, z) = xz + yz2 increases most rapidly at
P (1, 2, −2); and find the rate of change of f at P in that direction.
( )
54. Find a unit vector in the direction in which f (x, y, z) = tan−1 y+zx
increases most rapidly at
P (4, 2, −2); and find the rate of change of f at P in that direction.
√
58. Find a unit vector in the direction in which f (x, y) = x−yx+y decreases most rapidly at P (3, 1);
and find the rate of change of f at P in that direction.
60. Find a unit vector in the direction in which f (x, y, z) = 4exy cos z decreases most rapidly at
P (0, 1, π4 ); and find the rate of change of f at P in that direction.
61. Given that ∇f (4, −5) = 2î − ĵ, find the directional derivative of the function f at the point
(4, −5) in the direction of a = 5î + 2ĵ.
62. Given that ∇f (x0 , y0 ) = î − 2ĵ and Dy f (x0 , y0 ) = −2, find u.
65. Let z = 3x2 − y 2 . Find all points at which ∥∇z∥ = 6.
66. Given that z = 3x + y 2 , find ∇∥∇z∥ at the point (5, 2).
68. The temperature (in degrees Celsius) at a point (x, y) on a metal plate in the xy-plane is
2 +y 2 . Find the rate of change of temperature at (1, 1) in the direction a = 2î − ĵ.
T (x, y) = 1+xxy
An ant at (1, 1) wants to walk in the direction in which the temperature drops most rapidly. Find
a unit vector in that direction.
70. On a certain mountain, the elevation z above a point (x, y) in any xy-plane at sea level is
z = 2000 − 0.02x2 − 0.04y 2 , where x, y, and z are in meters. The positive x-axis points east, and
the positive y-axis north. A climber is at the point (−20, 5, 1991). If the climber uses a compass
to walk due west, will she ascend or descend? If the climber uses a compass reading to walk
northeast, will she ascend or descend? At what rate? In what direction should the climber begin
walking to travel a level path?
72. The temperature (in degree Celsius) at a point (x, y, z) in a metal solid is T (x, y, z) = 1+x2xyz
+y 2 +z 2 .
Find the rate of change of temperature with respect to distance at (1, 1, 1) in the direction of the
origin. Find the direction in which the temperature rises most rapidly at the point (1, 1, 1). Find
the rate at which the temperature rises moving from (1, 1, 1) in the previous direction.
√ ′
73. Let r = x2 + y 2 . Show that ∇r = 1r r, where r = xî + y ĵ. Show that ∇f (r) = f ′ (r)∇r = f r(r) r.
74. Use the formula in the previous exercise to find ∇f (r) if f (r) = re−3r and f (r) if ∇f (r) = 3r2 r,
f (2) = 1.
75. Let ur be a unit vector whose counterclockwise angle from the positive x-axis is θ, and let uθ be
a unit vector 90◦ counterclockwise from ur . Show that if z = f (x, y), x = r cos θ, and y = r sin θ,
then ∇z = ∂z 1 ∂z
∂r ur + r ∂θ uθ .
Assignment 9 Exercise 14.6 2

76. Prove: If f and g are differentiable, then

∇(f
( )+ g) = ∇f + ∇g, ∇(cf ) = c∇f (c constant), ∇(f g) = f ∇g + g∇f,
g∇f −g∇g
∇ f
g = g2 , ∇(f ) = nf
n n−1
∇f .

Exercise 14.7
5. Find an equation for the tangent plane and parametric equations for the normal line to the
surface z = e3y sin 3x at the point P ( π6 , 0, 1).
7. Find an equation for the tangent plane and parametric equations for the normal line to the
surface x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 25 at the point P (−3, 0, 4).
8. Find an equation for the tangent plane and parametric equations for the normal line to the
surface x2 y − 4z 2 = −7 at the point P (−3, 1, −2).