LESSON PLAN

Centre: Coimbatore Name of the student teacher: Bemi Jerald.B.R Co- operating teacher: Mrs. Mary Magdaleen School: St. Michaels Higher secondary school Institute supervisor: Dr. Anwar Class and section: IX B Lesson no: 18 Subject: Biology Topic: Air pollution Time: 40 minutes Date: 17-06-09

Instructional Objectives: During the teaching learning process, students will be able to : ! State the causes of air pollution. ! Identify the causes of air pollution. ! Illustrate the ill effects of air pollution. ! Differentiate between polluted air and unpolluted air. ! List out some air pollutants. ! Explain the causes and effects of global warming. ! Suggest some preventive measures of air pollution. Concepts/ Teaching Points: " When air is contaminated by unwanted substances which have a harmful effect on both living and non- living is referred to as air pollution. " The substances which contaminate the air are called air pollutants. " Pollutants are also added to the atmosphere by certain human activities. " The sources of air pollutants are factories, power plants, automobile exhausts and burning of fire wood and dung cakes. " Some examples of pollutants are carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, smoke, chloro fluoro carbon. " Global warming is the gradual increase in the earths atmosphere above the average temperature. " Preventive measures.

Previous Knowledge: Students already know about air and its composition. They also know about pollution. They have also experienced about pollution in their day to day life. Teaching Aids: # Pie chart showing air composition. # Pictures of air pollution. # Chits having the topics to discuss.

Expected Learning Outcome.

Sequential Learning Activities

Evaluation / Black board

Good morning students. Today well take a new and interesting lesson. Lets start todays class with an incident. Ill narrate the whole incident and you have to come up with the answers to the questions which I am posing. Ok. Now listen carefully. Once a person having respiratory problem went to the doctor and said that his Students respond ok. problem increased. The doctor checked him thoroughly and asked a question which was, where is he living? The answer given by the patient was; he was living in the centre of the main city where the roads are always busy. Students identify that The doctor advised him to move to some where more trees are grown, the places which is somewhat remote and free air would be fresh and clean. The from such busy roads. A place where he could patient can relax at such places. be relaxed and could get fresh air. Now the question is why did the doctor advice him to move to such places. Students recall that in Correct. But what about cities. Dont cities, the air is polluted and even they have fresh air? Trees are also grown in though trees are grown, they are cities. not sufficient. Good. But why do you say that if air is polluted, it is unfit for breathing. Students respond that theyll Ok. Very good. In polluted air, there get some respiratory problems. are many harmful gases as well as micro organisms. So if we inhale the polluted air, it will cause many problems in our body. You might have covered or you might have noticed some one covering their nose while passing an industry emitting smoke or started coughing while walking on a busy road. Isnt it. Now, based on this here is an activity for you to do. Ill divide you all into four groups and give you four places to discuss upon. In these four places you have to compare the quality of air present there. For the 1st group the place is a park and a busy road. For group 2, a residential area and an industrial area. For group 3, a busy intercession at different times of the day. E.g. Early morning and evening. For group 4, a village Students discuss in groups and a town.

Why polluted air is unfit for breathing?

Clear. Now quickly work upon it. Ill and differentiate that in a park, we give you five minutes time. can take rest and could get clean Ok students are you all ready now. 1st and fresh air. But in the case of busy road, smoke will be there and group what is the difference between a park and a we cant breathe. busy road. Good. (To the whole class) Students group Students state that in park, 1 members are telling that in a park we can many trees are there so we can get breathe fresh air but in busy road we cant. Do clean air and we can also relax and you all agree to that or anyone want to improve enjoy there. But in a busy road, upon it. trees are less, full of smoke and sounds of vehicles. Well get headache and the air is highly Very good. So, a park or a busy road, polluted there. which one you will prefer the most. Students respond park because they can play there. Ok. What about group 2 .Did you compare the air between an industrial area and a residential area. Students differentiate that in industrial area lots and lots of smoke comes out but in residential area, people live and it How could you say like this? If a person is living would be somewhat clean. in the centre of the city, that is his residential area, then what would be the quality of air there? Students predict that even though he is living in city, around his house he will surely plant trees for his safety and also he will keep his place clean and tidy but this is Very good. not the case in industrialized area. Ok. Now well move on to the third group. A busy traffic intersections at different times of a day like early morning and evening. What do you Students explain that say to that? during early morning, the air is Good. (To the whole class) Students clean and fresh. But in the evening group 3 members are telling that during early the air gets polluted. morning, the air is fresh but in the evening, it is polluted. Is it right. Can you explain?

Students interpret that during early morning, the air would be fresh because no smoke is added to it. But as we come to the evening, the automobiles run

emitting a lot of smoke and unwanted gases making the air polluted. Students recognize that in village more trees are grown and the air would be fresh but in town, plants are less and the air is polluted.

Very good. Now lets come to the last group, group no 4 ; difference between a village and a town.

Correct. But you forgot to think about one point. In village, even though trees are more, they burn the firewood to cook food isnt it. Firewood also emits a lot of smoke.

Students state that smoke from firewood is natural. So, from the above activity what can we They are sometimes medicinal like the smoke from neem tree. But the conclude? smoke emitted by automobiles is very harmful. Students respond that air gets polluted in busy road, an industrial area, busy traffic in evening and the air in a town.

So, in all these cases, air is getting polluted. Isnt it. We can survive for some time without food. But we cannot survive even for a few minutes without air. (Teacher shows a pie chart having the composition of air). Students what could you tell from this chart.

What is the composition of air?

Students interpret that nitrogen is present more than oxygen and the other gases like carbon dioxide, argon, methane, ozone and water vapour are also present in very small quantity. Students predict that contamination of air by smoke is called air pollution.

Good. If this composition is slightly changed, then we can say that the air is polluted. So, how will you define air pollution?

Good. (The teacher facilitates and redefines it.) Contamination of air by unwanted substance which have a harmful effect on both living and non living is called air pollution. So, can you tell me what is air pollutant?

What is air pollution?

Students state that the substances which contaminate the air are called air pollutants.

Good. Can you name some of them?

Students recall that smoke, dust, factories exhaust etc are some of the pollutants of air.

Good. Smoke and dust arising from forest fires or volcanic eruptions are natural sources of pollutants. Pollutants are also added to the atmosphere by certain human activities. The sources of air pollutants are factories, power plants, automobile exhausts and burning of firewood and dung cakes. (Teacher shows the picture of smoke coming out of factories and automobiles.) Students, see how much smoke is expelled by these factories and automobiles. Now here is another activity for you. You all know that many respiratory problems are caused by air pollution. (Teacher divides the class into two.) Now each group have to come up with at least two respiratory problems caused due to air pollution. Ill give you five minutes time. Group 1 are you ready now. Name any two respiratory problem caused by air pollution.

What are the sources of air pollutants?

Name some respiratory problems?

Students predict asthma and cough. Students predict Bronchitis and wheezing.

Students recall that animals give out CO2 and takes in O2. Students respond yes.

Good. Group 2 students, what about your answer. Students there are also many other problems caused by air pollution on humans as well as on animals like skin allergy, irritation in eye, allergy to pollen etc Ok. Let us now try to find out the substances or pollutants which are present in the polluted air. Vehicles produce high levels of pollutants like carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon dioxide and smoke. Carbon monoxide is a poisonous gas. It reduces the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood. Students can you tell about carbon dioxide. How it is produced? So, overpopulation can also lead to the increase in CO2 level in atmosphere. Isnt it. Ok. If you all are sitting inside this class and all the windows and doors are closed. What would happen?

Why CO is poisonous?

Students respond that they would suffocate. Students recognize that more amount of CO2 is produced and O2 level will be less.

Why suffocation takes place? Ok then how would you feel. What would be the temperature inside the class room?

Now if the windows and doors are open Students recognize that the temperature would be hot and they what would you feel? would sweat. Now imagine the same situation outside. More and more of CO2 is produced. What would Students predict that they will feel better by the entry of happen? fresh air. Students can you tell any other sources from which CO2 is present in high quantity. Students explore that the atmosphere would be hot and What would happen if all this CO2 dry. accumulate in the atmosphere. Students recognize that vehicles produce high level of CO2. Now imagine a situation if this hot air Students recall that the moves to the northern side what would happen. air would be very hot. Students predict that the If more and more of ice melts what would glaciers and ice bergs in the happen. northern side would melt. Students predict that the ice melts and the water increases in sea. Then flood would occur. (Teacher shows the picture of the extinct species of arctic and Antarctic.) Due to the melting of ice, these species have become extinct due to lack of habitat. So, if the average temperature of the earths atmosphere increases it gradually results in global warming which is a serious threat. What is global warming? So, what is global warming? Students have you ever observed a thick fog- like layer in the atmosphere, especially during winters and mainly in the metropolitan cities like Delhi, Bombay etc This is called smog which is made up of smoke and fog. Smoke may contain oxides of nitrogen which combine with other air pollutants and fog to form smog. The smog causes breathing difficulties such as asthma, cough and wheezing in children.

Students state that global warming is the increase in the temperature above the average level.

What is smog?

Students recall yes.

Students recall them as coal and petroleum.

Students have you studied about the fossil fuels. Can you name them. The petroleum refineries are the major sources of gaseous pollutants like sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide. Sulphur dioxide is also produced by the combustion of coal. It can cause respiratory problems including permanent lung damage. Students you are familiar with refrigerators and air conditioners isnt it. 90% of houses in todays world have these two equipments. There is a pollutant called cfc that is chlorofluorocarbon which is used in refrigerators and air conditioners . CFC damages the ozone layer of the atmosphere. In the previous year you have learnt about ozone layer. What is it?

What is cfc? Why is it called as a pollutant?

Students recall that the ozone layer protects us from harmful ultraviolet rays of the sun.

So, students so far we have learnt about the causes and ill effects of air pollution. Can you state some preventive measures to control air pollution.

Students suggest that planting of more trees everywhere would be the best preventive measure for air pollution. Automobiles which are running on diesel and petrol can switch to fuels like compressed natural gas- CNG and unleaded petrol.

Students we can also have alternative fuels for fossil fuels like solar energy, hydro power and wind power. Now lets review.

REVIEW QUESTIONS: o What is air pollution? o What is air pollutant? o Name some sources of air pollution. o Differentiate between polluted air and unpolluted air. o Describe the causes and effects of air pollution. o What is global warming? o List out some preventive measures for air pollution.

ASSIGNMENTS: ! ! ! ! ! ! Go to internet and collect todays population rate of the following places: Delhi Bombay Chennai Mysore Write a short note on ozone hole.