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Muscle Name Origin Insertion Function Bends the head laterally to the same side (drawing the ear toward the shoulder), and rotates the head to the opposite side (turning the face away). Both sides together roll the head towards the back. Human Image
Pectoralis Major
Medial half of the clavicle, the lateral surface of the sternum, and the top of the abdominal aponeurosis.
Pulls the arm forward and across the body; rotates the upper arm inwardly.
Pectoralis Minor
Rectus Abdominus
External Oblique
Ribs #5-12. The origins are on the ribs near where they meet the cartilages.
The medial edge meets the lateral edge of rectus abdominis by a tendon completely covering the latter muscle. The lower edge attaches to the anterior half of the iliac crest and the inguinal (IN-gwin-al, referring to the groin) ligament.
Latissimus Dorsi
All vertebrae from the sixth thoracic to the sacrum, and the posterior, upper, medial border of pelvis.
Extends the shoulder - pulls upper arm downward towards the torso and behind the back.
Clavodeltoid (Deltoid in humans) Acromiodeltoid (Deltoid in humans) Spinodeltoid (Deltoid in humans) The medial and lateral heads attach to the posterior surface of the humerus. The long head attaches to lower border of the scapula, close to the arm socket. All three heads attach to the triceps tendon, which inserts into the base of the ulna on its posterior side. This point is called the olecranon (ohLECK-ruh-non).
Triceps Brachii
Biceps Brachii
Bends the arm at the elbow and turns the forearm palmup.
Gluteus Maximus
Posterior, lateral surfaces of ilium,sacrum, and coccyx. (Also a number of deep ligaments on the pelvis.)
Biceps Femoris
The long head arises from the ischial tuberosity. The short head arises from a line on the back of the femur lying completely under the long head.
Pulls the thigh backwards and bends the leg at the knee.
Vastus Lateralis
Front surface on the upper end of the femur. The belly wraps around the lateral side of the femur and attaches to a long line on the back.
Patellar tendon.
Semitendinosus
Ischial tuberosity.
Pulls the thigh backwards, rotates it inward, and bends the leg at the knee.
Sartorius
Flexes the leg at both the hip and the knee, and rotates the leg laterally.
Vastus Medialis
Front surface on the upper end of the femur. The belly wraps around the medial side of the femur and attaches to a long line on the back.
Patellar tendon.
Gracilis
Gastrocnemius
The medial head attaches to the femur just above the medial condyle; the lateral head does the same above the lateral condyle.
Via the Achilles tendon to the bone of the heel, the calcaneus (cal-KAY-nee-us).
Straightens the joint of the ankle, either pointing the foot, or lifting a standing figure onto the ball of the foot.
Soleus
Same as gastrocnemius; straightens the joint of the ankle, either pointing the foot, or lifting a standing figure onto the ball of the foot.
Tibialis Anterior
Bottom surface of the first metatarsal and the cuneiform bone of the foot.
Bends the joint of the ankle, drawing the top of the foot upward; turns the bottom of the foot inward.
Understanding Origins and Insertions: The muscles origin is attached to an immovable bone. The muscles insertion is attached to a movable bone. Body movements occur when a muscle contracts and the insertion moves towards the muscles origin. Angular movements increase or decrease the angle between two bones.
Flexion decreases the angle of the joint and brings the articulating bones closer, such as lowering the chin toward the chest Extension is increases the angle between bones such as straightening an elbow Dorsiflexion is extension of the wrist and Plantar flexion is extending the foot (pointing the toes) Abduction is movement of a limb away from the midline of the body Adduction is bringing it toward the midline
Other Things To Know Gluteus Medius is larger than the Gluteus Maximus in a cat