INTRODUCTION We students taking Additional Mathematics are required to carry out a project work while we are in Form 5.

This year the Curriculum Development Division, Ministr y of Education has prepared three tasks for us.We are to choose and complete only ONE task based on our area of interest. This project can be done in groups or individually, and I gladly choose to do this individually.Upon completion of the Additional Mathematics Project Work, the aim of carrying out this project work are to enable student to gain valuable experiences and able to : a) Apply mathematics to everyday situations and appreciate the importance and the beauty of mathematics in everyday lives b) Improve problem solving skills, thinking skill, reasonin g skill and mathematical communication c) Develop positive attitude and personalities and intrinsic mathematical values such as accurancy, confidence and systematic reasoning d) Stimulate learning environment that enhances effective learning inquiry-based and teamwork e) Develop mathematical knowledge in a way which increases student interest and confidence

APPRECIATION

QUESTION AND ANSWER

Project work 3/2011 Part 1(Question) ReneDescartes, arenownedFrenchMathematicianinthe16th century,discoveredthebeautyofCartesian coordinatessystemwhilelyingonhisbackandgazingataspideron theceiling.Dosomeresearchandwriteabout hisdiscoveries.

Part 1 (Answer) A Cartesian coordinate system speci ies each poi t uni uel in a plane by a pai of numerical coordinates, which are the si ned distances from the point to two fi ed perpendicular directed lines, measured in the same unit of length. Each reference line is called a coordinate axis or just axis of the system, and the point where they meet is its origin. The coordinates can also be defined as the positions of the perpendicular projections of the point onto the two axes, expressed as signed distances from the origin. One can use the same principle to specify the position of any point in three -dimensional space by three Cartesian coordinates, its signed distances to three mutually perpendicular planes (or, equi alently, by its perpendicular projection onto three mutually perpendicular lines). In general, one can specify a point in a space of any dimension n by use of n Cartesian coordinates, the signed distances from n mutually perpendicular hyperplanes.

Cartesian coordinate system with a circle of radius 2 centered at the origin marked in red.The equation of a circle is (x - a)2 + (y - b)2 = r2 where a and b are the coordinates of the center (a, b) and r is the radius.

The invention of Cartesian coordinates in the 17th century by Ren Descartes (Latinized name: Cartesius) revolutionized mathematics by providing the first systematic link between Euclidean geometry and algebra. Using the Cartesian coordinate system, geometric shapes (such as curves) can be described by Cartesian equati ns: algebraic equations involving the coordinates of the points lying on the shape. For example, a circle of radius 2 may be described as the set of all points whose coordinates x and y satisfy the equation x2 + y2 = 4.

Discoveries of Cartesian coordinates

The adjective Cartesian refers to the French mathematician and philosopher Ren Descartes (who used the name Cartesius in Latin). The idea of this system was developed in 1637 in two writings by Descartes and independently by Pierre de Fermat, although Fermat used three dimensions, and did not publish the discovery.[1] Descartes introduces the new idea of specifying the position of a point or object on a surface, using two intersecting axes as measuring guides.[citation needed ] In La Gomtrie, he further explores the above-mentioned concepts.[2] The development of the Cartesian coordinate system enabled the development of perspective and projective geometry. It would later play an intrinsic role in the development of calculus by Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. [3] Nicole Oresme, a French philosopher of the 14th Century, used constructions similar to Cartesian coordinates well before the time of Descartes.

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(a) Determine the area of region P, Q and R by using at least three different methods including the use of calculus. Verify the answers obtained by using computer software. s: Ge Ge , GS , c c ec (S es

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(b) Suppose there is a hedge along AB. The Mathematics Society wishes to fence up the remaining sides of the region P. Determine the length of fence required. Method : using phytagoras theorem AB = 7 m BC = 2 m CD = 3 m DE = 2 + 1 = 5 = 2.23m EA = 42 X 32 = 25 = 5 m Solution : 7 + 2 + 3 + 2.23 + 5 = 19.23 m

(c) If a meter of fence costs RM25.00, what is the total cost required by the Mathematics Society to fence up region P? Is it possible for the society to carry out the fencing with an allocation of RM250.00? Explain your answer. Total fence = 19.23 m 1meter of fence cost = RM 25.00 Total cost = RM 25.00 x 19.23 = RM 480.75
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Its possible for society to carry out the fencing with an allocation of RM 250.00 because the total budget needed for building fence of region P is higher than the allocation which is RM 480.00

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